{ "updated": "2026-08-16", "countries": [ { "iso3": "AUS", "country": "Australia", "ownership_summary": "704 public hospitals and 67,300 average available public beds in 2023–24; same-year all-sector denominator Unknown because no current comprehensive private dataset.", "payment_summary": "2023–24 sources of funds: Commonwealth 39.3%, states/territories 30.3%, OOP 16.3%, private insurers 7.8%, other nongovernment 6.4%. Commonwealth taxes/Medicare/PBS; Services Australia pays benefits; states/LHNs administer public hospitals; PHI pays covered private care.", "control_summary": "IHACPA calculates national efficient price/cost for Commonwealth hospital contribution; MBS benefits federally set; PBAC recommendation plus Commonwealth PBS negotiation; states control assets/capacity.", "integration_summary": "Public R&D grants/universities → PBAC/PBS and public procurement → state/LHN hospitals. No current general public drug manufacturer verified.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence with an unresolved current all-sector ownership denominator.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "Public hospital capacity and financing are quantified, but current all-sector ownership and public manufacturing remain unresolved.", "uncertainties": [ "Public and private universities deliver medical degrees under accreditation standards; Commonwealth-supported places are a federal funding lever. A current national public/private seat numerator is Unknown.", "State health systems employ hospital trainees; specialist colleges accredit training; Commonwealth programs support general-practice training. Total centrally controlled slot count Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are privately owned under federal location/ownership rules and dispense PBS medicines; public hospitals may operate hospital pharmacies. Public share Unknown.", "No current broadly scoped public manufacturer verified. CSL's historical public origin is not evidence of current public ownership. Unknown/none verified for national public manufacture.", "State systems and procurement agencies buy hospital devices; Commonwealth HTA/reimbursement decisions influence funded use. Domestic public manufacturing share Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public and private universities deliver medical degrees under accreditation standards; Commonwealth-supported places are a federal funding lever. A current national public/private seat numerator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State health systems employ hospital trainees; specialist colleges accredit training; Commonwealth programs support general-practice training. Total centrally controlled slot count Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "Public-hospital staff are principally state/LHN employees; most community GPs work in private practices, often as owners or contractors. Registration/regulation is national through the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme.", "source_ids": [ "AU-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "AIHW: 704 public hospitals and 67,300 average available public beds, 2023–24. Private register: 633 declared private hospitals at 10 September 2025; last comprehensive private-bed data were 34,300 licensed beds in 657 private hospitals in 2016–17. A same-year ownership denominator is therefore Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "AU-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "Mostly small private GP, pharmacy and allied-health businesses; Medicare subsidizes eligible services; PHNs coordinate regional primary care. Public community health and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services are distinct ownership/governance channels.", "source_ids": [ "AU-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are privately owned under federal location/ownership rules and dispense PBS medicines; public hospitals may operate hospital pharmacies. Public share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "NHMRC and MRFF publicly fund research in universities, medical research institutes and health systems; grants do not imply public ownership of resulting firms/products.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "No current broadly scoped public manufacturer verified. CSL's historical public origin is not evidence of current public ownership. Unknown/none verified for national public manufacture.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State systems and procurement agencies buy hospital devices; Commonwealth HTA/reimbursement decisions influence funded use. Domestic public manufacturing share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "NHMRC/MRFF, public universities, AIHW and state services provide public research/data infrastructure.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "2023–24 source-of-funds shares: Commonwealth 39.3%, states 30.3%, OOP 16.3%, PHI 7.8%, other nongovernment 6.4%. “Other” can include injury/compensation and nonprofit sources; it is not a clean compulsory-insurance line.", "source_ids": [ "AU-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "IHACPA calculates National Efficient Price/Cost for federal public-hospital contributions; states still manage actual budgets. Commonwealth sets MBS schedule benefits; bulk-billing accepts the benefit as full payment. PBAC recommends PBS listing based on clinical and cost effectiveness; government negotiates deeds/rebates.", "source_ids": [ "AU-4", "AU-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "MBS/PBS schedules are public; Services Australia adjudicates benefits. Private fees can exceed benefits, producing gaps. Hospital activity/cost data support national price publication.", "source_ids": [ "AU-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "States/LHNs own/manage hospital assets, beds and major equipment; Commonwealth-state agreements and infrastructure grants co-finance some projects. There is no single federal bed controller.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "country": "Austria", "ownership_summary": "In 2024 Austria had 257 hospitals and an annual average of 60,126 actual beds. Providers include Länder companies, municipalities/associations, religious bodies, social insurers and private bodies. The total is a facility/bed denominator. The current official table referenced Rechtsträger and Öffentlichkeitsrecht, but no clean owner numerator was located. Public ownership therefore remains Unknown, rather than treating Öffentlichkeitsrecht or fund financing as ownership.", "payment_summary": "The system mixes income-related social-insurance contributions, tax-funded public money and private payments. In 2024 current spending was €57.837bn: public €43.793bn (75.7%) and private €14.043bn (24.3%). Federal, Länder and social-insurance money is pooled for fund hospitals through the Bundesgesundheitsagentur and Landesgesundheitsfonds. “Public” in the expenditure account combines government and social insurers. “Private” is not pure OOP. Collectors are tax authorities and social insurers; pools include social-insurance funds and health funds; payers include insurers/funds, governments and households.", "control_summary": "Outpatient contract remuneration follows social-insurance contracts/tariffs. Fond hospitals are paid through activity-oriented LKF. Medicine ex-factory prices may initially be set by suppliers, statutory distribution mark-ups apply, and EKO reimbursement uses EU-average/comparative rules. Private Wahlarzt fees are freely set. Price formation differs by product and channel: negotiated/administrative tariff, hospital case payment, regulated margin/reimbursement ceiling, or private price. None establishes provider ownership. A single national device/capital-goods price rule is Unknown. The Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit (ÖSG) supplies the national framework; Regionaler Strukturplan Gesundheit (RSG) provides Land-level detail. The plan covers sites, capacities and bands for major equipment, with planning horizon 2030; selected contents can be binding. Federation, Länder and social insurance agree the ÖSG; Länder operationalize RSGs. Planning authority and fund-hospital capital financing are controls, not ownership. Actual capital ownership follows the relevant Rechtsträger/owner.", "integration_summary": "Supported, bounded link: public medical universities can connect medical education → clinical training → hospital care → biomedical research. Not supported nationally: a public civilian chain connecting drug R&D → industrial manufacture → wholesale → pharmacy → delivery. PVE is horizontally/multiprofessionally integrated care, not product-chain vertical integration. No broader link is inferred.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Domestic Tier 1–3 evidence; unresolved denominators remain explicitly Unknown.", "source_count": 23, "dossier_summary": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration remain separate; no missing value is inferred.", "uncertainties": [ "Clean current public hospital/facility and bed numerators; ultimate ownership of PVE/ambulatory capacity; national salaried/self-employed clinician split; public ownership of pharmacies; public/private pharmaceutical-R&D expenditure; public shares of pharmaceutical/device manufacturing; hospital equipment transaction prices; pure OOP share within the 2024 domestic expenditure table; biomedical-only public research denominator.", "Ambulatory ultimate ownership and complete employment denominators are Unknown.", "National medicine/device owner-output shares, biomedical-only public R&D denominators and hospital-equipment transaction prices are Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "verified", "summary": "Human medicine is a six-year, 360-ECTS university programme; MedUni Wien's programme includes 18 weeks of clerkships and a 48-week clinical practical year. The federal capacity agreement reported 1,756 first-year human-medicine places for 2024/25. A public medical university is both educator and research operator, but this example does not establish a national public/private ownership denominator for all medical-school places. Federal government funds and negotiates public-university capacity; universities deliver programmes.", "source_ids": [ "A1", "A2" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "After the medical degree, physician training begins with nine months of Basisausbildung, followed by general-practice or specialist training. Training sites and posts require recognition under the Ärztegesetz; the Medical Chamber evaluates training sites. The federal statute sets the qualification framework; approved hospitals/practices operate posts; the Austrian Medical Chamber, a statutory professional body, performs delegated recognition/quality functions. Approval is not ownership.", "source_ids": [ "A3", "A4" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "At 31 Dec 2024 the Medical Chamber counted 52,005 professionally active physicians: 9,620 in training, 12,882 general practitioners and 29,385 specialists. These are heads, not FTE. Statistics Austria counted 101,453 non-medical health professionals in hospitals in 2024. National physician statistics do not by themselves identify employer or owner. The trainee, GP and specialist categories should not be summed without checking overlaps/other categories. National public-employment share: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A5", "A6" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "In 2024 Austria had 257 hospitals and an annual average of 60,126 actual beds. Providers include Länder companies, municipalities/associations, religious bodies, social insurers and private bodies. The total is a facility/bed denominator. The current official table referenced Rechtsträger and Öffentlichkeitsrecht, but no clean owner numerator was located. Public ownership therefore remains Unknown, rather than treating Öffentlichkeitsrecht or fund financing as ownership.", "source_ids": [ "A6", "A7", "C3" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "Ambulatory care is delivered through solo practices, group practices, independent outpatient clinics and Primärversorgungseinheiten (PVE). The official portal says about 45% of physicians have health-insurance contracts. The 100th PVE opened in July 2025. Contract status is not ownership or employment. PVE centres may be medical group practices or independent outpatient clinics; specified independent-clinic shareholders may include nonprofit bodies, social insurers and public entities. Actual national ownership and salaried/self-employed denominators are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A7", "A8", "A9" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "partial", "summary": "The Pharmacists' Chamber reported 1,450 public/community pharmacies and 43 hospital pharmacies for 2024. Concessions and professional management are governed by the Apothekengesetz. Öffentliche Apotheke means a licensed pharmacy serving the public, not publicly owned. Hospital pharmacies are organizational units of hospitals; their count does not establish owner type. National public-owner share: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A10", "A11" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "BASG reviews medicine quality, safety and efficacy and authorizes/oversees trials and products; public medical universities conduct biomedical research. Austria's total R&D expenditure was €16.1bn or 3.35% of GDP in 2024. Total R&D is not pharmaceutical R&D. A current domestic official public/private pharmaceutical-R&D expenditure split was not located: Unknown. Regulatory review is not R&D ownership.", "source_ids": [ "A12", "A13" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "partial", "summary": "BASG licenses pharmaceutical operations and publishes registers under §§63/63a AMG. Hospital pharmacies may prepare medicines within their statutory remit. A licensed-business register proves licensed actors/locations, not state ownership, domestic value added or full production. A national public pharmaceutical-manufacturing share and a civilian public end-to-end chain are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A11", "A14" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "Manufacturers establish conformity; higher-risk devices use a notified body; CE marking precedes market access and BASG performs surveillance/vigilance. Large medical equipment is included in national/regional capacity planning. Market regulation is not production or ownership. No qualifying current national owner/manufacturer split or single national purchase-price mechanism for hospital capital equipment was located. Hospital procurement remains owner/operator- and contract-specific.", "source_ids": [ "A15", "A22" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "Public medical universities combine teaching, clinical work and research; federal global budgets are a major revenue source for public universities. National total R&D data are available. Public sponsorship and university legal status are distinct from the performer and intellectual-property owner. A current official biomedical-only public expenditure/performer denominator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A1", "A13" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "The system mixes income-related social-insurance contributions, tax-funded public money and private payments. In 2024 current spending was €57.837bn: public €43.793bn (75.7%) and private €14.043bn (24.3%). Federal, Länder and social-insurance money is pooled for fund hospitals through the Bundesgesundheitsagentur and Landesgesundheitsfonds. “Public” in the expenditure account combines government and social insurers. “Private” is not pure OOP. Collectors are tax authorities and social insurers; pools include social-insurance funds and health funds; payers include insurers/funds, governments and households.", "source_ids": [ "A16", "A17" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "Outpatient contract remuneration follows social-insurance contracts/tariffs. Fond hospitals are paid through activity-oriented LKF. Medicine ex-factory prices may initially be set by suppliers, statutory distribution mark-ups apply, and EKO reimbursement uses EU-average/comparative rules. Private Wahlarzt fees are freely set. Price formation differs by product and channel: negotiated/administrative tariff, hospital case payment, regulated margin/reimbursement ceiling, or private price. None establishes provider ownership. A single national device/capital-goods price rule is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A16", "A18", "A19" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "Contract physicians generally bill the insurer directly. Wahlarzt patients pay and seek reimbursement, commonly based on 80% of the contracted tariff; from 1 Jul 2024 elective physicians must electronically transmit paid reimbursement invoices. Hospital LKF requires federally standardized documentation. The billed private fee and reimbursable tariff are separate. Claims transmission does not make an elective physician a contracted provider. No universal public transaction-price database for all services/devices was located.", "source_ids": [ "A19", "A20" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "verified", "summary": "The Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit (ÖSG) supplies the national framework; Regionaler Strukturplan Gesundheit (RSG) provides Land-level detail. The plan covers sites, capacities and bands for major equipment, with planning horizon 2030; selected contents can be binding. Federation, Länder and social insurance agree the ÖSG; Länder operationalize RSGs. Planning authority and fund-hospital capital financing are controls, not ownership. Actual capital ownership follows the relevant Rechtsträger/owner.", "source_ids": [ "A21", "A22" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "country": "Belgium", "ownership_summary": "National public-owner numerators for 103 general hospitals and 52,317 accredited beds on 1 January 2025 are Unknown; financing status, accreditation, sites, networks, and subsidies are not owner classes.", "payment_summary": "INAMI/RIZIV administers compulsory insurance and recognized mutualities reimburse under its supervision. In 2023 government/compulsory schemes paid 73.06% of current health expenditure and household OOP paid 22.08%.", "control_summary": "Communities control education pathways; federal and federated authorities divide workforce, hospital, infrastructure, and equipment controls; conventions and nomenclature shape fees. Control is not ownership.", "integration_summary": "Sciensano is a public research node and bounded public procurement/stockholding is documented. No supported national public R&D-to-manufacture-to-distribution-to-care chain was found; missing links remain Unknown, not zero.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence with explicit unresolved ownership and integration denominators.", "source_count": 28, "dossier_summary": "Strong official evidence separates public/compulsory payment and planning control from legally diverse production, while national hospital, practice, pharmacy, and manufacturing ownership denominators remain unresolved.", "uncertainties": [ "Current national ultimate-owner numerator for general hospitals and accredited beds, using the 103-hospital/52,317-bed denominator.", "Current ownership census covering psychiatric, specialized and other non-general hospital categories on a common denominator.", "Current national physician employment split; INAMI/RIZIV expressly lacks direct employment-relation data.", "Ultimate ownership of ambulatory practices, medical-home premises and equipment.", "Current pharmacy ownership split among pharmacists, chains, hospitals and public bodies.", "Public/private ownership shares of pharmaceutical and device R&D, manufacturing output, patents and productive assets.", "A universal device factory-price formation rule; available evidence is category specific.", "Whether any project-specific public procurement creates public IP/equity rights; the mpox record establishes purchase/stock, not manufacture.", "Belgian BMF status is not ownership. FPS BMF tables sometimes split “public/private status.” That is an administrative financing/tariff classification. It cannot replace an owner registry, and this report does not calculate ownership from it.", "Hospital counts are scoped differently. Belgium’s 103 is general hospitals; Luxembourg’s 10 includes four centres plus six specialized hospitals; the Netherlands’ 80 is a provisional CBS enterprise count excluding mental-health hospitals. They are not directly comparable organization counts.", "Bed counts are scoped differently. Belgium uses accredited beds on 1 January 2025; Luxembourg uses installed beds during 2025; the Netherlands uses staffed beds directly available for clinical specialist care on one reference date in 2023 and rounds to tens. Comparing levels or shares without harmonization would be misleading.", "“Public pharmacy” is a false friend. Belgian pharmacie publique and Dutch openbare apotheek mean community/public-facing pharmacy, not public ownership.", "Employment is not ownership. Luxembourg’s exact liberal/salaried/mixed counts, Dutch GP employment counts and Belgian absence of employment data cannot answer practice or hospital ownership.", "Registries and active-workforce counts differ. Belgian visa/professional-registry totals, Dutch BIG/specialty counts and labour-market activity counts have different populations. No attempt is made to force them into one workforce denominator.", "Financing shares are SHA payment shares. They describe which financing scheme paid current health expenditure. They do not describe tax financing alone, compulsory contribution incidence, provider legal form, capital ownership or production control.", "Current versus data year. Several pages were updated/published in 2025–2026 but report 2023–2025 data. Both dates are retained in the ledger.", "Industrial output is not owner structure. Belgian value added and Dutch domestic-origin exports demonstrate manufacturing activity, not the public/private ownership of factories.", "Public research is not public manufacturing. Sciensano, LIH, ZonMw and public universities establish public research sponsorship/operation. They do not, without project-specific evidence, establish public downstream manufacturing, distribution or pharmacy ownership.", "Authorization is not title. Belgium’s imaging accreditation, Luxembourg’s hospital/equipment authorizations and the Netherlands’ Wbmv licensing are capacity controls only.", "No negative existential is claimed. “No supported public manufacturer identified” means this search found none in qualifying current sources; it is not proof that none exists." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "partial", "summary": "Initial physician education is university based and governed partly through community admission rules. In Flanders, entry to medicine requires favorable ranking in the community entrance examination; the basic university course is six years and completion triggers the federal professional visa pathway. This establishes an admission-and-licensure chain, not ownership of every teaching institution. The French Community has its own selection/quota architecture; a single harmonized national intake owner/controller should not be inferred. Control: communities/universities control admission and curriculum within the legal framework; the federal health administration controls the professional visa. Owner/operator: individual universities and teaching sites retain their own legal forms. Unknown: a current national public/private ownership breakdown of all medical-school teaching assets.", "source_ids": [ "BE-04", "BE-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "partial", "summary": "Specialist training positions are shaped by federal workforce planning and community subquota/recognition decisions. A 2025 Flemish Government decision states that it fixes maximum candidate numbers for medical and dental specialties for 2028 following federal Planning Commission advice. Training sponsors and sites can include universities and hospitals of different legal forms. Recognition of the specialist title, the federal visa, and the INAMI/RIZIV billing number are distinct gates; none proves employment or ownership.", "source_ids": [ "BE-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "FPS Health’s February 2026 workforce release records more than 690,000 health professionals in its federal professional database, including 216,645 nurses and 64,521 physicians; these are registry totals, not necessarily full-time-equivalent active workers. INAMI/RIZIV explicitly says it has no direct information on whether a provider is salaried or self-employed. Therefore, a current national physician-employment split is Unknown. Hospital staff tables also warn that salaried counts omit many self-employed hospital physicians; employment form must not be used as a proxy for hospital ownership.", "source_ids": [ "BE-07", "BE-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "At 1 January 2025 Belgium had 103 general hospitals over 189 sites and 52,317 accredited hospital beds. Federal hospital networks, accreditation and BMF financing organize delivery, but none supplies a current owner census. The BMF is a hospital-specific operating-budget component within an annually capped national amount; medical fees, reimbursed medicines, infrastructure subsidies and several other flows sit outside it. Thus “publicly financed,” “in a locoregional network,” “accredited,” and “public-status BMF line” are not ownership findings.", "source_ids": [ "BE-01", "BE-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "Primary care includes individual/group practices and multidisciplinary maisons médicales/wijkgezondheidscentra. INAMI/RIZIV’s optional New Deal GP model added a blended practice-financing route from April 2024, while medical homes can use capitation-based financing. These are contract/payment models. The national ownership distribution of premises/practices is Unknown; the clinician-employment split is also Unknown because the payer’s database lacks direct employment-relation data.", "source_ids": [ "BE-09", "BE-10", "BE-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "partial", "summary": "FAMHP authorizes and registers openings, mergers, transfers and closures of community pharmacies. A 2025 official consultative document reports 4,543 community pharmacies; APB describes itself as the national federation of independent community pharmacists and says more than four fifths of public pharmacies are affiliated. “Public pharmacy” here means a pharmacy open to the public, not publicly owned. A current national owner-class numerator/denominator—independent pharmacist, chain, hospital, municipal/state—was not found, so pharmacy ownership shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "BE-11", "BE-12", "BE-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "Belgium has both a large private pharmaceutical R&D ecosystem and public biomedical/public-health research. Sciensano directly identifies itself as a public institution with legal personality created by the 25 February 2018 law. This supports a public R&D node, not a public commercial pharmaceutical sector. No current source was found showing Sciensano owning a national drug-manufacturing or retail-distribution chain.", "source_ids": [ "BE-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "FPS Economy reports that pharmaceuticals were the leading manufacturing sector in Belgian value added in 2024. That proves industrial production significance, not public ownership. No Tier 1–3 source found a current state-owned pharmaceutical manufacturer with a national production denominator. Public manufacturing share: Unknown; supported public producer: none identified.", "source_ids": [ "BE-15" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "Belgium supports medical-device innovation/manufacture through industrial-policy instruments, including the health-sector IPCEI, but a subsidy or project designation does not change the beneficiary’s ownership. Heavy medical imaging has a much stronger public-control chain: MRI/PET devices require device-level accreditation/approval and MRI operation is tied to hospital accreditation and programming. Regulation/planning is therefore documented; ownership and domestic-manufacturing shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "BE-16", "BE-26" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "Sciensano conducts public-health and biomedical research as a public legal person. Federal science-policy programs also sponsor research, but broad BELSPO project totals cannot be interpreted as health-only expenditure. Universities and hospitals conduct research under their respective legal forms. The report therefore records a public research presence but does not claim public ownership of the whole research system.", "source_ids": [ "BE-14", "BE-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "INAMI/RIZIV sets and administers compulsory insurance rules and transfers monthly budget tranches to mutualities, which reimburse insured persons/providers under INAMI/RIZIV supervision. For 2023, government/compulsory schemes paid 73.06% of current health expenditure, voluntary schemes 4.86%, and household OOP 22.08%; within government/compulsory, government schemes were 18.35% and compulsory contributory schemes 54.70%. These are payment shares, not provider ownership shares. Collectors/pools/payers: social contributions and public transfers feed the compulsory system; INAMI/RIZIV is the federal administrator/budget authority; recognized mutualities are claims payers; hospitals, independent clinicians, pharmacies and others are contracted/billing providers. The role labels must not be collapsed.", "source_ids": [ "BE-18", "BE-19", "X-BENELUX-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospital: the BMF is a capped operating-budget component; it excludes medical fees, reimbursed drugs and infrastructure flows. Physician: official fees and reimbursement are fixed through conventions among professional representatives, mutualities and public authorities, then encoded in the nomenclature; convention status affects whether supplements may be charged. Drug: the applicant files an INAMI/RIZIV reimbursement request alongside a price request to FPS Economy; the Economy minister sets the maximum ex-factory price, while reimbursement/listing is decided through the insurance process. Device: no single cross-device national ex-factory mechanism was found. Covered devices follow product-specific nomenclature/reimbursement and procurement routes; capital equipment may also be programmed/accredited. General device-price formation: Unknown beyond category-specific rules.", "source_ids": [ "BE-03", "BE-20", "BE-21", "BE-22", "BE-23" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "The INAMI/RIZIV nomenclature provides the billable code, official fee and reimbursement basis. The national medico-mutualist agreement establishes conventional tariffs and allows physicians to adhere or not under the legal process. Providers must display tariff and convention-status information; patients can consult official cost information. Actual supplements and the separation between hospital charge, physician fee and drug/device charge remain material; one bill should not be read as one owner/operator.", "source_ids": [ "BE-21", "BE-22", "BE-24" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "The federal government publishes hospital programming and bed-capacity parameters, while federated entities exercise important approval and infrastructure-financing functions. Heavy imaging devices require specific approval/accreditation, and Flemish VIPA schemes subsidize eligible construction and first equipment. Control is distributed: federal programming/reimbursement; federated operating/infrastructure authorization and subsidy; provider project execution/asset operation. A subsidy does not establish public title to the building or equipment.", "source_ids": [ "BE-02", "BE-25", "BE-26" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "CAN", "country": "Canada", "ownership_summary": "Current national government-owned hospital/bed numerator and all-sector denominator Unknown. Public insurance administration does not establish provider ownership; many hospitals are private nonprofit corporations.", "payment_summary": "CIHI 2025 forecast: public sector 71.2%, private sector 28.8%; exact same-year SHA government/compulsory/OOP components Unknown in cited release. Latest actual OOP per capita cited there: C$1,327.30 (2023). Federal and provincial taxes; each province/territory administers its insurance plan and pays hospitals/physicians; federal transfers support but do not pool into one national payer.", "control_summary": "Provincial hospital budgets and negotiated physician schedules; PMPRB constrains patented factory-gate prices; public plans/pCPA negotiate listing terms; provinces authorize capital/training.", "integration_summary": "CIHR/universities → provincial delivery; public-plan pCPA/procurement → hospitals/pharmacies; government-funded independent Canadian Blood Services integrates collection, manufacture, testing and distribution outside Quebec.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official structural evidence, with no current national ownership numerator or denominator.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "Public insurance administration is distinct from provider ownership; the blood-service chain is integrated but not state-owned.", "uncertainties": [ "Provincial governments fund universities and negotiate/support undergraduate seats; accreditation is profession-led nationally. A single federal seat allocator does not exist; current public-seat fraction Unknown.", "Predominantly private retail; provincial formularies/plans reimburse eligible medicines. Public hospital pharmacies are embedded in hospitals. National public ownership share Unknown.", "Provincial/health-authority procurement and capital budgets buy devices; federal Health Canada regulates market authorization. Public manufacturing share Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Provincial governments fund universities and negotiate/support undergraduate seats; accreditation is profession-led nationally. A single federal seat allocator does not exist; current public-seat fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "Provincial ministries/health authorities fund residency positions; universities and Royal College/College of Family Physicians accredit programs. Slots are province-specific.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospital staff may be health-authority/hospital employees; physicians often bill as self-employed contractors. Employment is not inferred from universal insurance.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "National government-owned hospital/bed share Unknown. Health Canada notes hospitals are often incorporated private foundations; provincial plans pay insured services. The Canada Health Act requires public administration of insurance, not public delivery or asset ownership.", "source_ids": [ "CA-2", "CA-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "Family physicians mainly work as private contractors billing provincial insurance, with capitation/team/salary alternatives varying by province.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Predominantly private retail; provincial formularies/plans reimburse eligible medicines. Public hospital pharmacies are embedded in hospitals. National public ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "CIHR and NRC plus public universities/hospitals fund/conduct research. Public grant support is not public manufacture.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "No general public drug manufacturer verified. Canadian Blood Services is an independent charity, government funded and publicly accountable, not a government-owned corporation; it manufactures blood components and operates an integrated national chain outside Quebec. Fractionation/major plasma medicines can be contracted commercially.", "source_ids": [ "CA-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Provincial/health-authority procurement and capital budgets buy devices; federal Health Canada regulates market authorization. Public manufacturing share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "CIHR, Statistics Canada, CIHI (independent nonprofit funded by governments), universities and provincial institutes form the public/collective data and research layer.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "CIHI 2025 forecast: public 71.2%, private 28.8%. This accounting's “public sector” includes government payments; the cited summary does not provide a clean 2025 government/compulsory/OOP triad. Latest actual OOP cited: C$1,327.30 per person in 2023.", "source_ids": [ "CA-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Provinces negotiate physician fee schedules and set hospital budgets/payment models. PMPRB limits patented medicines' factory-gate prices to non-excessive levels; provinces/plans and pCPA negotiate formulary prices. Generic/nonpatented pricing is largely provincial/plan-based.", "source_ids": [ "CA-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "Provincial plans adjudicate insured claims and publish schedules/coverage rules; extra billing/user charges for insured hospital/physician services can trigger Canada Health Act deductions. Cross-province comparability is limited.", "source_ids": [ "CA-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Provinces/territories and delegated health authorities approve major hospital capital, beds and equipment; universities/provinces set education/residency capacity. No federal national capital allocator.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "country": "Chile", "ownership_summary": "Exact national hospital and bed ownership shares are unknown; official standards distinguish public/private and inpatient/ambulatory provider types.", "payment_summary": "FONASA uses a statutory 7% payroll deduction; 2022 household OOP was reported as about 30% of total health spending.", "control_summary": "CENABAST aggregates public-network procurement and sets a maximum retail price only for participating private-pharmacy products; MINSAL publishes public hospital projects.", "integration_summary": "Public financing links to the public network, centralized procurement, public delivery projects, and the EDF workforce-training pathway, with private contracting unquantified.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "partial", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 10 ledger sources", "source_count": 10, "dossier_summary": "Official evidence verifies selected public financing, procurement, price, billing, training, and investment mechanisms but not national ownership or employment denominators.", "uncertainties": [ "National hospital and bed ownership denominators", "Public/private ambulatory ownership and clinician employment", "System-wide public pharmaceutical manufacturing and R&D shares", "Fully decomposed current financing shares" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown national public/private production share. Universities train physicians; no current official output/ownership denominator verified.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "partial", "summary": "MINSAL’s Etapa de Destinación y Formación (EDF) places physicians in the public network for three to six years before access to publicly linked specialist scholarships. This is a public workforce/training pathway, not the whole residency system.", "source_ids": [ "CL-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown national public-employment share. EDF establishes one public employment/training channel only.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "DEIS’s institutional-provider standard distinguishes closed/hospital and open/ambulatory providers and public/private types. Exact 2024 national ownership and bed denominator not extracted; Unknown rather than inferred from CENABAST client counts.", "source_ids": [ "CL-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "DEIS lists public primary-care establishment types and private institutional providers. Public SNSS/municipal APS and private care coexist; ownership/employment shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CL-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "Law 21.198 enables CENABAST to supply private/nonprofit pharmacies and fixes a precio máximo de venta al público for the programme. In 2024, 1,178 pharmacies participated with 613 products and 4.62m packages. Participation is not all pharmacies.", "source_ids": [ "CL-03", "CL-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "Unknown system-wide. CENABAST obtained its first own sanitary registration for ONCO-BCG in 2023; registration-holder status does not establish state manufacture or R&D.", "source_ids": [ "CL-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing share. Do not infer manufacture from CENABAST procurement or registration.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "CENABAST aggregates procurement of medicines and medical devices for SNSS/APS. This establishes public purchasing power, not public manufacture.", "source_ids": [ "CL-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown ownership/output share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "partial", "summary": "Superintendencia de Salud states FONASA affiliation is funded by the statutory 7% health deduction. MINSAL states OOP “en 2022 alcanzó cerca de un 30% del gasto total en salud,” with medicines 24% of that OOP. Translation: “in 2022 it reached close to 30% of total health expenditure.” Approximate, not a full current financing table.", "source_ids": [ "CL-05", "CL-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "CENABAST programme uses a maximum public retail price for participating private pharmacies; this is not proof of nationwide medicine-price regulation.", "source_ids": [ "CL-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "Copago Cero eliminated point-of-service payment for FONASA groups B/C/D in the public network; MINSAL reports 1.7m beneficiaries Sep-2022–Dec-2024. This does not mean zero household spending outside the public network.", "source_ids": [ "CL-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "MINSAL’s 2020 project announcement planned Hospital Marga Marga with 282 beds. This establishes project-level public capacity at announcement, not completion, current operation, or a national capacity share.", "source_ids": [ "CL-10" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "COL", "country": "Colombia", "ownership_summary": "Public IPS sites were 3,616 of 20,583 public-plus-private sites in 2022 (17.57% calculated), but hospital and bed ownership were not cross-tabulated.", "payment_summary": "2024 scheme-income shares were contributory 44.0%, subsidized 35.3%, and health insurance 20.7%; these are not a government/compulsory/OOP expenditure decomposition.", "control_summary": "ADRES allocates resources and direct transfers; the Ministry sets UPC methodology and regulates benefits, costs, and tariffs, while a national ex-ante bed-approval regime remains unverified.", "integration_summary": "The clearest chain is ADRES revenue allocation through UPC/direct transfers to EPS/IPS plus national benefit/cost rules and aggregated procurement, without implying public provider ownership.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "partial", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 11 ledger sources", "source_count": 11, "dossier_summary": "The evidence describes a regulated purchaser-provider system and a public share of all IPS sites, while preserving the lack of hospital/bed ownership and employment denominators.", "uncertainties": [ "Hospital and bed ownership shares", "Ambulatory ownership and employment shares", "Government/compulsory/OOP expenditure decomposition", "National ex-ante bed-capacity control" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry describes shared governance of health-human-talent formation by education authorities, universities, health authorities and clinical practice sites. Public/private graduate shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "partial", "summary": "Approved clinical-practice sites and teaching-service relationships are overseen through the health/education framework; no current residency-seat ownership denominator verified.", "source_ids": [ "CO-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "ReTHUS is the national register authorizing health professionals to practise. Registration is not an employment or ownership measure. Public employment share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "2022 official indicators: 3,616 public IPS sites and 16,967 private sites; total 20,583, so public sites = 17.57% calculated. The same table reports 1,835 hospital sites and 98,040 installed beds but does not cross-tab hospital/bed ownership. Therefore exact public hospital and bed shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "The official table reports 18,809 ambulatory sites, but not their public/private split. Public/private ambulatory ownership and employment shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "partial", "summary": "Colombia Compra Eficiente describes aggregated demand/centralized acquisition and dispensing arrangements for medicines. Retail-pharmacy ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "verified", "summary": "Law 2386 of 2024 orders a national policy for research, technological development and innovation for health autonomy. This is policy authority, not evidence of production volume.", "source_ids": [ "CO-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "partial", "summary": "Law 2386 covers production of medicines, active ingredients, biologics and raw materials; public/private manufacturing shares and output Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "Law 2386 expressly includes medical devices; INVIMA publishes certified device manufacturers. Certification does not establish public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "CO-08", "CO-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "verified", "summary": "Law 2386 provides a national health-technology research/innovation policy; public research share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "partial", "summary": "DANE’s provisional 2024 health-account presentation gives scheme income: contributory 44.0%, subsidized 35.3%, health insurance 20.7%. These are financing-scheme income shares, not a government/compulsory/OOP expenditure decomposition. ADRES reports 2024 UPC execution COP83.2tn. OOP share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-03", "CO-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "Ministry’s benefits/cost/tariff directorate regulates benefits, costs and tariffs and determines UPC methodology. In 2024 the UPC increase was 12.01%. UPC is the capitation amount paid to EPS, not a comprehensive provider price schedule.", "source_ids": [ "CO-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "ADRES reports COP47.95tn in 2024 direct transfers to IPS/providers, including 74.87% of subsidized-regime resources and 61.97% of contributory resources in December. This documents payment routing, not patient-bill transparency.", "source_ids": [ "CO-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry dashboards can query beds, rooms and ambulances by provider nature. Evidence of a single national ex-ante bed-approval regime was not verified; control is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CO-11" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "country": "Costa Rica", "ownership_summary": "CCSS owns and manages a broad network, but no current all-country hospital or bed ownership denominator was verified. A provider directory names COOPESIBA but does not by itself establish its legal ownership or contract status.", "payment_summary": "The cited sickness/maternity contribution is worker 5.50%, employer 9.25%, and state 0.25% (15% total); expenditure financing and OOP shares are unknown.", "control_summary": "CCSS controls a medicine list and specialist-training planning; an audit documented the absence of evidence for the required needs-based five-year plan.", "integration_summary": "CCSS combines compulsory insurance pooling, hospitals, health areas/EBAIS, a formulary, and specialist training; current public/private employment and contracted-operation shares remain unknown.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "partial", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 9 ledger sources", "source_count": 9, "dossier_summary": "The dossier verifies CCSS institutional integration and contribution rules but lacks national ownership, employment, expenditure-financing, and capacity denominators.", "uncertainties": [ "National hospital and bed ownership totals", "Public/private employment and primary-operation shares", "Expenditure financing and OOP shares", "Hospital bed and equipment authorization regime" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "partial", "summary": "Public UCR and private universities participate in CCSS specialist programmes; undergraduate public/private production share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CR-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "CENDEISSS/CCSS coordinates specialist training with UCR, UCIMED and UNIBE. A 2024 programme described 211 budgeted training posts. In 2025, CCSS administered 953 existing positions (935 medical residents, 12 dentistry, six psychology) and proposed 244 additional positions. An internal audit states CENDEISSS should identify needs and produce a five-year plan, but found no evidence that a needs-based plan existed at audit time.", "source_ids": [ "CR-04", "CR-05", "CR-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "unknown", "summary": "CCSS directly staffs a broad delivery network, but current national public/private employment denominator Unknown. Training-post counts are not workforce shares.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "CCSS’s official hospital directory verifies an owned/managed network, but no current all-country hospital/bed ownership denominator was extracted. Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CR-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "EDUS lists health areas, EBAIS and COOPESIBA in the CCSS provider directory. The directory label alone does not establish legal ownership or contracting status. Exact ownership, employment and operation shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CR-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "CCSS’s Lista Oficial de Medicamentos 2024 classifies products by delivery level, including category 1A for health areas/EBAIS. Exact public/private retail-pharmacy ownership Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CR-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public production/output share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry’s DRPIS regulates medicines and medical devices; official release notes devices are a major export sector, but that does not establish public manufacture.", "source_ids": [ "CR-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public research share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "Cited CCSS rule sets sickness/maternity contributions at worker 5.50%, employer 9.25%, state 0.25% = 15%. CCSS states employers must enroll salaried workers and coverage also includes self-employed, pensioners, state-insured and voluntary insured. Expenditure financing and OOP shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CR-01", "CR-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "partial", "summary": "CCSS uses its official medicine list and institutional purchasing; exact provider/drug/device price formulas Unknown in verified sources.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "partial", "summary": "EDUS supports records/appointments in the integrated system; this is not price transparency. Patient billing/transparency rules Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "CENDEISSS has a formal five-year specialist-needs planning duty, while the 2024 audit documented absence of evidence of the required needs-based plan. Hospital bed/equipment authorization regime Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CR-05" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "country": "Czechia", "ownership_summary": "160 acute hospitals and 49,199 acute beds in 2024; exact public legal-owner numerator unknown.", "payment_summary": "2023 current spending: budgets 11.8%, compulsory insurers 72.7%, voluntary insurance 0.1%, households 14.6%; seven statutory insurers purchase care.", "control_summary": "MZ accreditation and reimbursement decrees, SÚKL drug/device pricing, insurer contracting, and plural owner capital decisions divide control.", "integration_summary": "MZ/AZV research funding links to public universities and faculty hospitals; compulsory contributions link through insurer purchasing to mixed delivery. No supported public industrial drug/device manufacturer.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong current official evidence; legal-owner hospital numerator remains unresolved.", "dossier_summary": "Current capacity, financing, payer, price, and planning roles are documented without converting founder or financing labels into ownership.", "evidence_state": "partial", "source_count": 21, "uncertainties": [ "Public hospital and bed ownership numerator is unknown: the 2024 denominator is current, but no qualifying aggregate reconciles founder, shareholder or title holder, operator, and bed location.", "The official NRPZS August 2026 CSV timed out; its founder field alone would not satisfy legal ownership.", "Ambulatory owner and employment split is unknown; office and FTE data do not distinguish owner-physician, employee, partner, or contractor.", "Pharmacy public ownership is unknown; SÚKL counts and registers operators but no current ownership aggregate was located.", "Public drug and device manufacturing is unknown; no supported current state producer was located.", "The 49,199-bed denominator covers acute hospitals and must not be combined with 3,172 beds in 48 follow-up-care hospitals." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "Public universities are major producers; national accreditation governs programs, while university admissions are institution-specific. Six-year general medicine is documented.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-02", "CZ-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "verified", "summary": "MZ accredits and subsidizes designated residency places under Act 95/2004; employers and trainees also participate.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "241,303.5 FTE across reporting provider types in 2024; 12 faculty hospitals accounted for 40,366.2 FTE and 108 other hospitals 82,956 FTE.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "160 acute hospitals and 49,199 acute beds in 2024. A current public-owner numerator was not published in a qualifying aggregate.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-02", "CZ-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "4,421 adult GP, 1,685 child/adolescent GP, 5,260 dental, 1,265 gynecology, and 8,419 specialist independent offices in 2024; ownership and employment are not established by this typology.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-02", "CZ-15" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "SÚKL recorded 2,449 pharmacies and 201 detached dispensing units at end-2025; an operator register exists, but no current public/private ownership aggregate was located.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public MZ/AZV funds applied health research; 2024 business statistics show 27 pharma-industry R&D performers, not public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-10", "CZ-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "SÚKL licenses and lists manufacturers; no supported current civilian public medicine manufacturer was located.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-12" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "SÚKL, RZPRO, and EUDAMED register market actors and devices; manufacturing ownership and public production share are unknown.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "AZV/MZ competitively fund applied health research; public universities and faculty hospitals perform it.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-10", "CZ-18" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "Seven statutory insurers collect and pay; VZP administers a risk-adjustment account. 2023: budgets 11.8%, compulsory insurers 72.7%, voluntary insurance 0.1%, OOP 14.6%.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-01", "CZ-06", "CZ-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Annual MZ reimbursement decree for hospital, physician, and laboratory services; SÚKL/MZ administrative drug and device pricing and reimbursement.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-08", "CZ-16", "CZ-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Insurers receive provider claims and submit reimbursement data to national registers; contracts are published, but no unified public patient-level claim ledger exists.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-19", "CZ-20" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "MZ directly plans and funds capital in its faculty hospitals; insurers shape contracted networks; regional and other owners invest separately. No single whole-sector capital owner.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-21" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "country": "Denmark", "ownership_summary": "Regions own/control the main public hospital system; national ownership fraction for all hospitals/beds Unknown because the official monthly-bed dataset covers public hospitals, not an all-sector ownership denominator.", "payment_summary": "2023: public schemes 83.5%, household OOP 13.9%, voluntary private insurance 2.6%. State block grants/tax equalization and municipal contributions flow to five regions; regions pay hospitals and contracted practices; municipalities fund assigned prevention/rehab/care.", "control_summary": "National DRG/tariff system supports interregional/selected hospital payment; GP fees negotiated by RLTN–PLO; national drug reimbursement plus Amgros hospital tenders; regions plan capacity within national fiscal framework.", "integration_summary": "State/public research and SSI surveillance/R&D → region-owned Amgros medicine/device procurement → regional hospitals. SSI vaccine manufacturing was sold in 2017.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "verified", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence for regional ownership, financing, tariffs, procurement, and divestment.", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Regions own the main hospital system and procure collectively, while the all-sector ownership denominator remains unavailable.", "uncertainties": [ "State universities deliver medical education; national education policy/funding and university admissions control places. Current slot count and public share Unknown.", "Health regions employ/train doctors; national specialist-training rules and regional secretariats allocate posts. Exact current national slot count Unknown.", "Regions buy equipment; Amgros conducts joint regional medical-device procurement. Domestic public manufacture Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State universities deliver medical education; national education policy/funding and university admissions control places. Current slot count and public share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Health regions employ/train doctors; national specialist-training rules and regional secretariats allocate posts. Exact current national slot count Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "Regional hospitals employ staff. Most GPs are self-employed under the collective agreement; region-owned clinics and tendered contractors are alternatives.", "source_ids": [ "DK-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "Five regions own/control the main public hospital network. The Health Data Authority's monthly bed return is explicitly for public hospitals, so it cannot provide an all-sector ownership denominator. Share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "DK-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "Ministry analysis: most practices are run by one or more self-employed doctors under the GP agreement; regions may procure a `udbudsklinik` or establish a `regionsklinik`.", "source_ids": [ "DK-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "verified", "summary": "Privately operated under state licensing/location and regulated reimbursement/price rules; hospital medicine purchasing is pooled through region-owned Amgros. Public/privately owned pharmacy count Unknown here.", "source_ids": [ "DK-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "State universities, university hospitals and SSI conduct public research; SSI is a Ministry of Health institute.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "SSI transferred vaccine manufacturing and sold all shares in 2017. SSI retains vaccine-supply responsibility and limited trial/veterinary permissions, but broad current state vaccine manufacture must not be claimed.", "source_ids": [ "DK-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Regions buy equipment; Amgros conducts joint regional medical-device procurement. Domestic public manufacture Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Universities, hospitals, SSI and national registries/data authority support public research.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "Statistics Denmark 2023: public schemes DKK219.6b/83.5%; household OOP 13.9%; voluntary private health insurance 2.6%; total DKK262.9b.", "source_ids": [ "DK-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Health Data Authority publishes DRG/tariff system; regions collectively negotiate GP terms via RLTN with PLO. Amgros tenders/negotiates hospital medicines (2024 procurement DKK10.2b; average discount 49% from list prices, per Amgros).", "source_ids": [ "DK-4", "DK-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "Public provider contracts, DRG groupers/tariffs and medicine lists are published; most covered primary/hospital care has no point-of-service bill, while medicines/dental/other care can have patient payment.", "source_ids": [ "DK-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Regions plan hospitals, beds and major equipment inside nationally negotiated fiscal ceilings; exceptional capital has involved central approvals/grants. Municipalities control their statutory care capacity.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "EST", "country": "Estonia", "ownership_summary": "TAI reports 28 of 48 hospitals public (58.33%) and 5,593 of 6,373 beds public (87.76%) in 2024 under an explicit ≥50% public-capital rule; national clinician, pharmacy, and manufacturer owner shares remain Unknown.", "payment_summary": "In 2024, government schemes paid 8.81%, compulsory contributory insurance 67.81%, voluntary schemes 2.27%, and households out of pocket 21.10% of current health expenditure. Social-tax collection feeds the statutory Tervisekassa pool/payer.", "control_summary": "Tervisekassa contracts providers and sets maximum service prices and medicine/device reference prices; the government plans the hospital network to 2040. These roles do not make the payer the provider owner.", "integration_summary": "Public revenue collection → Tervisekassa pooling, purchasing, tariffs, claims visibility and network planning form a strong functional public chain; public-university education and biobank research add upstream production, but common public ownership across delivery and industry is not evidenced.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official domestic-language evidence with explicit ownership and scope limitations.", "source_count": 20, "dossier_summary": "Estonia has strong official evidence for financing and public control, while ownership and employment remain only partly measurable.", "uncertainties": [ "National primary-care clinician employer/self-employment mix is Unknown.", "Current official sources do not classify pharmacies, medicine manufacturers, or device producers by public/private owner.", "Public programmes shape capital, but universal central approval of every major-equipment acquisition is Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "The University of Tartu’s integrated Estonian-language medical programme lasts 6 years / 360 ECTS and lists 186 places for 2026/27. It is a public-university production link for physician education, but the university page does not quantify all doctors trained outside Estonia.", "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "verified", "summary": "Tartu states that more than 40 residency specialties last 3–5 years. The university operates the programme; national regulation and public financing shape places. A university training role is not ownership of teaching hospitals.", "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "The Health Board reported in March 2024 7,243 registered physicians, 5,178 working in Estonia in their profession, and 1,199 family-medicine specialists. Registration is performed by the Health Board; registry membership is not proof of employment status or workplace ownership.", "source_ids": [ "EE-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "verified", "summary": "TAI’s 2024 owner-type table reports 48 hospitals: 28 public and 20 private. Its bed table reports 6,373 beds: 5,593 public and 780 private. The methodology expressly defines public by at least 50% state and/or municipal capital participation, making these legal/economic ownership statistics rather than financing proxies. Providers may be private-law companies or foundations; that legal form must not be relabelled private ownership.", "source_ids": [ "EE-01", "EE-08", "EE-02", "EE-03", "EE-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "TAI reports 2024 independent providers: 407 family-doctor establishments (3 public, 404 private) and 345 specialist facilities (2 public, 343 private). The Health Services Organisation Act allows a family doctor to practise as a sole trader or through a family-care company. The exact national split between self-employed doctors, shareholder-doctors, and salaried clinicians is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-04", "EE-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "The State Agency of Medicines reports 468 general pharmacies in 2025, total pharmacy turnover €819 million and medicines turnover €619 million. The Medicinal Products Act permits several public and private licence-holder forms and requires pharmacist control of a private general-pharmacy company. No official national owner-type count was located; public/private pharmacy ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-11", "EE-12" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "The State Agency of Medicines authorises and supervises clinical trials and publishes annual trial statistics. Trial sites include hospitals, private clinics and primary-care centres, but site type is not owner type. Public upstream discovery capacity is evidenced at the University of Tartu; national public/private R&D expenditure by owner is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-13", "EE-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "The medicines agency reported 24 manufacturers at 26 sites as of 1 January 2024: seven medicine, three active-substance, one medical-gas, four herbal, one importer, and eight packaging/label sites. The agency licenses and inspects production. The register/yearbook does not supply legal-owner classification, so public pharmaceutical manufacturing is Unknown, not zero.", "source_ids": [ "EE-14", "EE-15" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "partial", "summary": "TAI collects annual use data for major diagnostic and treatment equipment; the State Agency of Medicines regulates clinical investigations of devices. Tervisekassa reimburses listed devices using functional grouping and reference-price rules. Domestic device-manufacturing ownership and whether any producer is publicly owned are Unknown. Selected investment control does not imply public production.", "source_ids": [ "EE-18", "EE-20" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "The University of Tartu’s Estonian Genome Bank is the responsible processor of a biobank with more than 200,000 donors and supplies pseudonymised data/material for research. This is supported public-university research infrastructure and a genuine upstream public-production link. It does not prove public ownership of downstream therapies or companies.", "source_ids": [ "EE-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "The Tax and Customs Board collects social tax; the statutory health share is 13%. Tervisekassa, a public-law body, holds the principal pool and contracts/pays providers. Domestic SHA 2024 spending was €3.169 billion: public schemes other than Tervisekassa €278.363m, Tervisekassa €2.149909bn, voluntary schemes €72.004m, and household OOP €669.037m. Harmonised shares are 8.81%, 67.81%, 2.27%, and 21.10%, respectively.", "source_ids": [ "EE-05", "EE-09", "X-BALTIC-01", "EE-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Tervisekassa’s health-services list contains more than 2,000 services and maximum prices; costing uses provider data for staff time, equipment, consumables, and overhead. For reimbursed medicines, a same-ingredient/route grouping and the second-cheapest qualifying pack determine the reference price. For reimbursed devices, the second-cheapest unit in a comparable group determines the reference price. Laboratory services are priced inside the service list; no separate nationwide laboratory price-setter was found.", "source_ids": [ "EE-09", "EE-17", "EE-18" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "Providers submit electronic treatment claims under Tervisekassa contracts. The Health Portal lets an individual see provider-submitted and Tervisekassa-paid raviarved. This demonstrates transaction transparency and payer settlement, not that the patient personally paid the displayed amount.", "source_ids": [ "EE-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "The government-approved Hospital Network Development Directions to 2040 set the strategic network, concentration and campus/infrastructure direction. Tervisekassa contracts funded volumes; public capital programmes finance selected projects. Blanket central approval of every provider’s major-equipment purchase is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-20" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "FIN", "country": "Finland", "ownership_summary": "2024 bed measure: state 489 + municipal 13,948 = 14,437 public / 14,886 total (96.98%); private 449. Measure is calculated bed-equivalents from patient-days, not a staffed physical-bed inventory.", "payment_summary": "2022 (pre-reform, excluding investment): public 78.6% (state 27.8, municipalities 38.6, Kela 12.3); private 21.4, including households 16.2 and private insurance 2.5. Since 2023, mainly state general-purpose funding to wellbeing services counties; Kela pays national insurance reimbursements; counties pay their own units and contractors.", "control_summary": "Counties plan delivery/capacity; central government constrains borrowing and reviews investment plans; Hila sets reasonable/max wholesale prices for reimbursed medicines; service prices include public budgets and national reimbursement schedules.", "integration_summary": "Public universities/university hospitals/THL research → county procurement and delivery; public hospital pharmacies may compound, but a national public drug manufacturer was not verified.", "ownership_state": "verified", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "verified", "evidence_label": "Exact official bed-equivalent ownership result with explicit measurement limits.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "The bed result is a patient-day-derived equivalent, not a physical staffed-bed inventory; financing subshares predate the 2023 reform.", "uncertainties": [ "Public universities deliver medical degrees; the Ministry of Education and Culture/universities determine funded intake. Current seat numerator Unknown.", "Universities govern specialist education with training in wellbeing-county/university hospitals; state/county funding influences posts. Exact national slots Unknown.", "Private licensed pharmacies dominate community dispensing; hospital pharmacies are public-provider units. Legal ownership counts Unknown here.", "Counties/hospital districts/procurement consortia buy devices; Fimea supervises regulatory compliance. Public manufacturing share Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public universities deliver medical degrees; the Ministry of Education and Culture/universities determine funded intake. Current seat numerator Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Universities govern specialist education with training in wellbeing-county/university hospitals; state/county funding influences posts. Exact national slots Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "Wellbeing services counties employ public health-centre/hospital staff and may purchase services; occupational health and private clinics employ parallel workforces.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "verified", "summary": "Statistics Finland 2024 bed-equivalent table: state 489, municipal 13,948, private 449, total 14,886. Public = 14,437/14,886 = 96.98%. Since 2000, the table calculates beds from patient-days/365 (or 366), so this is not a literal staffed-bed census; “municipal” reflects the series' classification through the reform.", "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "Since 2023, 21 wellbeing services counties plus Helsinki organize public primary care; own production and purchased services coexist. Kela reimburses defined private/occupational channels.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Private licensed pharmacies dominate community dispensing; hospital pharmacies are public-provider units. Legal ownership counts Unknown here.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public universities, university hospitals, THL and Business Finland/Academy funding support biomedical R&D.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public hospital pharmacies can prepare medicines for institutional use, but no verified national public industrial manufacturer. Unknown beyond compounding.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Counties/hospital districts/procurement consortia buy devices; Fimea supervises regulatory compliance. Public manufacturing share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Statistics Finland reported 2023 public-sector R&D expenditure of €696m and 1,832 university-hospital R&D personnel; these are broader research measures, not only health-product development.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "Latest domestic table captured here is 2022 (pre-reform; investment excluded): public 78.6%—state 27.8, municipalities 38.6, Kela 12.3; private 21.4—households 16.2, private insurance 2.5, employers 2.0, relief funds 0.2, NPISH 0.4. Do not project those subshares after the 2023 financing reform.", "source_ids": [ "FI-2", "FI-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Hila confirms reasonable/max wholesale price and reimbursement status for covered medicines; Kela administers reimbursements. Public services are budgeted and patient fees are statute-regulated; purchased services use contracts/tenders.", "source_ids": [ "FI-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Kela, Hila and counties publish benefit/fee decisions; household charges are not provider market prices. National claims/data systems provide activity transparency.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "verified", "summary": "Counties submit annual investment plans; central ministries may reject them, and government annually grants borrowing authority for investment projects. Counties decide operational beds/equipment inside this constraint.", "source_ids": [ "FI-4" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "FRA", "country": "France", "ownership_summary": "In 2023, 1,330 of 2,965 hospital establishments were public (44.9%). Public beds were 131,915 of 187,565 (70.3%) only within MCO acute somatic care; a corresponding all-bed public share is Unknown.", "payment_summary": "For the 2024 CSBM care basket, public administrations financed 79.4%, complementary organizations 12.8%, and households 7.8%. This is narrower than DCSi and is not an ownership measure.", "control_summary": "National rules and agencies govern training objectives, intern allocation, hospital and heavy-equipment authorization, hospital tariffs, medical-convention fees, and reimbursed drug/device prices.", "integration_summary": "AP-HP links public care, teaching, research, procurement and AGEPS product/regulatory stewardship. AGEPS solid-oral physical production moved to 100% subcontracting in September 2024.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence, with MCO-only bed scope and unresolved ambulatory/all-bed ownership.", "source_count": 4, "dossier_summary": "France combines high public financing and a large public hospital sector with regulated mixed ambulatory delivery; its clean public-bed ratio is available only for MCO beds.", "uncertainties": [ "A current national owner split for ambulatory practices and health centres is Unknown.", "The 70.3% public-bed ratio covers MCO only and cannot be described as an all-hospital-bed share.", "Owner-resolved pharmaceutical/device R&D and manufacturing shares are Unknown beyond the bounded AGEPS case.", "AGEPS public product, R&D and regulatory functions do not establish continued public physical manufacture after September 2024." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "The 2019 law replaced numerus clausus with university capacity inside national multi-year objectives; the 2021–25 medicine objective was 51,505, with a 48,850–54,160 range.", "source_ids": [ "FR-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "For 2025/26, 8,607 ordinary intern posts plus 312 CESP posts were allocated by specialty and subdivision; the source ledger here does not independently document that order.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "DREES reported 237,200 active doctors on 1 January 2025. Physicians can be liberal, salaried or mixed; employment mode is not an ownership proxy.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "verified", "summary": "DREES reported 2,965 establishments in 2023: 1,330 public, 978 private for-profit and 657 private nonprofit. Public beds were 131,915 of 187,565 only for MCO, not all beds.", "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Conventioned liberal practice, salaried health centres and mixed practice coexist; a current national ownership denominator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "There were 19,990 community pharmacies in 2025; regulated titular-pharmacist forms and bounded mutual/mining forms prevent a categorical all-private classification from this evidence set.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Private firms, public universities, Inserm and hospitals conduct pharmaceutical R&D, but a current owner-resolved national expenditure split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "verified", "summary": "AGEPS remains a public product, R&D and regulatory actor, but its solid-oral workshops closed and physical production moved to 100% subcontracting in September 2024.", "source_ids": [ "FR-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "ANSM regulates and hospitals procure devices; ARS authorizes designated heavy equipment. The public share of device manufacturing is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Inserm is a public research institution and CHU link care, teaching and research; the report notes 278 units and a 2024 budget of €1.176bn, including €719.4m state subsidy.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "In the 2024 CSBM care basket, public administrations financed 79.4%, complementary organizations 12.8%, and households 7.8%.", "source_ids": [ "FR-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospitals use GHS/T2A tariffs and envelopes; physician fees use the medical convention; CEPS negotiates reimbursed drug/device prices. These controls are not ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Providers must disclose fees; the cited rule requires a written prior estimate for fees of at least €70, and extra-billing rules differ by convention sector.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "ARS authorizes creation, conversion, merger and designated heavy equipment; Ségur earmarked €19bn to 2030, including €15.5bn for hospitals.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "country": "Germany", "ownership_summary": "In 2024 there were 1,841 hospitals and exactly 472,851 beds: 528 public hospitals with 221,481 beds; 575 freigemeinnützig with 152,773; 738 private with 98,597. Destatis owner/sponsor classification counts private-law entities as public when public bodies hold more than 50% of capital/votes. Freigemeinnützig is not public. Public shares are 28.7% of hospitals and 46.8% of beds (counts-based calculation).", "payment_summary": "2024 current health expenditure was €538.207bn. Payers included GKV €300.831bn (55.9%), social long-term care €64.656bn (12.0%), public budgets €26.186bn (4.9%), private insurance €44.810bn (8.3%), employers €22.965bn (4.3%), households/nonprofits €64.956bn (12.1%), pension €6.440bn and accident insurance €7.364bn. Contributions and federal subsidy enter the Gesundheitsfonds, which allocates risk-adjusted amounts to sickness funds. Payer categories are not provider ownership. Household/nonprofit is not pure OOP. A calculated public-budget + four statutory-social-insurance grouping is 75.3%, but is an analytical grouping, not an official “government/compulsory” SHA label.", "control_summary": "Hospital operating care uses DRG/case payment plus a separate nursing budget; state hospital associations and insurers negotiate Landesbasisfallwerte. Ambulatory GKV uses EBM points and regional point values/total remuneration. New-drug reimbursement follows G-BA benefit assessment and negotiated reimbursement; statutory margins, rebates and reference amounts also apply. Länder finance eligible hospital investment under the dual system; this is separate from operating prices. Supplier list price, reimbursement amount and dispensing price are distinct. Private physician fees use GOÄ, not EBM. Under dual hospital finance, Länder plan hospitals and finance eligible investment; insurers pay operating care. Ambulatory KVs develop Bedarfspläne with insurer bodies under G-BA rules. Hospital plan inclusion is capacity/contracting status, not ownership. Länder investment responsibility does not mean Länder own every funded hospital. Training-site recognition and device-market oversight are separate controls.", "integration_summary": "Bounded public military chain: Bundeswehr medical research/testing and pharmacy → a limited own-production facility → medical-material warehousing/logistics → troop medical facilities; device maintenance is also documented. This is not the civilian national system. Civilian supported link: public university medical centres connect education → postgraduate training → hospital care → research. No evidence supports a national public civilian drug R&D-to-retail chain. [D12]", "ownership_state": "verified", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "verified", "evidence_label": "Domestic Tier 1–3 evidence; unresolved denominators remain explicitly Unknown.", "source_count": 25, "dossier_summary": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration remain separate; no missing value is inferred.", "uncertainties": [ "National ultimate ownership of ambulatory assets/MVZs; complete salaried/self-employed ambulatory clinician denominator; ownership shares of civilian pharmacies beyond proprietor-operated community pharmacies; public/private pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing output; public device-manufacturing share; national hospital-equipment transaction prices; pure OOP share in the cited domestic payer account; one harmonized public biomedical-R&D denominator.", "Ambulatory ultimate ownership and complete employment denominators are Unknown.", "National medicine/device owner-output shares, biomedical-only public R&D denominators and hospital-equipment transaction prices are Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "verified", "summary": "Federal medical-licensing rules require a six-year course, at least 5,500 hours, a 48-week practical year, nursing service, Famulatur and three examination stages. Federation defines the licence; Länder and universities organize places and teaching; university hospitals and other approved sites deliver clinical teaching. A current official national ownership split of faculties/places was not located.", "source_ids": [ "D1" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "The binding Weiterbildungsordnung is enacted by each Landesärztekammer. The Bundesärztekammer's Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung is a recommended model, not itself binding. Landesärztekammern are public-law professional corporations exercising delegated qualification control; hospitals/practices operate posts and employ/host trainees. Chamber control does not confer ownership of the training site.", "source_ids": [ "D2" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "verified", "summary": "At 31 Dec 2024 Germany had 6.2m health workers (4.4m FTE). Hospitals employed 217,700 physicians and 1,240,900 non-medical staff in 2024, corresponding to 180,400 and 834,400 FTE. These hospital counts are direct employees and do not classify the ultimate owner. Self-employed and ambulatory employment must be handled separately.", "source_ids": [ "D3", "D4" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "verified", "summary": "In 2024 there were 1,841 hospitals and exactly 472,851 beds: 528 public hospitals with 221,481 beds; 575 freigemeinnützig with 152,773; 738 private with 98,597. Destatis owner/sponsor classification counts private-law entities as public when public bodies hold more than 50% of capital/votes. Freigemeinnützig is not public. Public shares are 28.7% of hospitals and 46.8% of beds (counts-based calculation).", "source_ids": [ "D4", "D5", "D22", "C2" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "In 2024, 189,551 physicians and psychotherapists participated in statutory ambulatory care; 123,752 were established with their own practice. Bedarfsplanung and admission regulate geography/specialty; practice, group and Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) forms coexist. “With own practice” is an operator/professional position, not all asset ownership. The residual is not automatically “employees” without a source. MVZ legal form or insurer contract does not reveal ultimate owner. Public-owner and full employment denominators: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "D6", "D7" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "At end-2024 there were 17,041 public/community pharmacies. Among pharmacy pharmacists, ABDA counted 13,197 owners and 40,038 branch managers/other employed pharmacists; separate hospital and authority/military categories exist. All öffentliche Apotheken are proprietor-run under the professional model; öffentlich means open to the public, not government-owned. Hospital and Bundeswehr pharmacies are institution-specific, bounded forms.", "source_ids": [ "D8" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "Federal health-research programmes fund disease, personalized-medicine, prevention and translational work. Germany spent €137.1bn on all R&D in 2024 (3.17% GDP). These totals are not pharmaceutical R&D. Funding agency, research performer, patent owner and manufacturer are different. A current official national public/private pharmaceutical-R&D expenditure split was not located.", "source_ids": [ "D9", "D10" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "partial", "summary": "Medicines manufacture requires authorization and GMP oversight under federal law; BfArM/Paul-Ehrlich-Institut and Länder divide regulatory tasks. The Bundeswehr has a bounded production site and pharmacy/logistics chain. Regulation/licensing is not state ownership. No clean current official national owner split for civilian pharmaceutical plants/output was located. Bundeswehr production is public but military-specific, not evidence of a public civilian industry.", "source_ids": [ "D11", "D12", "D24" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "EU/federal device law places conformity obligations on manufacturers and surveillance on competent authorities. For insured assistive devices, GKV-SV fixed amounts are maxima, while insurers contract prices; some product groups have no fixed amount. A reimbursement maximum is not a manufacturer price. Hospital capital equipment is purchased by operators/owners, often under procurement law for public bodies; no single national transaction-price mechanism or public-manufacturing share was located.", "source_ids": [ "D13", "D14" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "Universities, university hospitals, Helmholtz/Max Planck and other public/nonprofit bodies perform research under federal/Land and third-party funding; the federal health-research framework runs to 2028. Public financing does not make all research assets/results publicly owned. National health/biomedical-only totals by sponsor, performer and owner were not located in one current domestic source.", "source_ids": [ "D9", "D10", "D24" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "2024 current health expenditure was €538.207bn. Payers included GKV €300.831bn (55.9%), social long-term care €64.656bn (12.0%), public budgets €26.186bn (4.9%), private insurance €44.810bn (8.3%), employers €22.965bn (4.3%), households/nonprofits €64.956bn (12.1%), pension €6.440bn and accident insurance €7.364bn. Contributions and federal subsidy enter the Gesundheitsfonds, which allocates risk-adjusted amounts to sickness funds. Payer categories are not provider ownership. Household/nonprofit is not pure OOP. A calculated public-budget + four statutory-social-insurance grouping is 75.3%, but is an analytical grouping, not an official “government/compulsory” SHA label.", "source_ids": [ "D15", "D16" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "Hospital operating care uses DRG/case payment plus a separate nursing budget; state hospital associations and insurers negotiate Landesbasisfallwerte. Ambulatory GKV uses EBM points and regional point values/total remuneration. New-drug reimbursement follows G-BA benefit assessment and negotiated reimbursement; statutory margins, rebates and reference amounts also apply. Länder finance eligible hospital investment under the dual system; this is separate from operating prices. Supplier list price, reimbursement amount and dispensing price are distinct. Private physician fees use GOÄ, not EBM.", "source_ids": [ "D17", "D18", "D19", "D23" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "GKV patients can request a Patientenquittung and insurer claims information under §305 SGB V. Hospitals publish structured quality reports; 2024 reports include structures and specified quality measures. Patients do not routinely see a cash invoice in benefits-in-kind care. A quality report is not ownership or full price transparency; reimbursement and actual provider cost remain distinct.", "source_ids": [ "D20", "D21" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "verified", "summary": "Under dual hospital finance, Länder plan hospitals and finance eligible investment; insurers pay operating care. Ambulatory KVs develop Bedarfspläne with insurer bodies under G-BA rules. Hospital plan inclusion is capacity/contracting status, not ownership. Länder investment responsibility does not mean Länder own every funded hospital. Training-site recognition and device-market oversight are separate controls.", "source_ids": [ "D7", "D17" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "country": "Greece", "ownership_summary": "2024 ELSTAT public-law form: 125/266 treatment institutions (46.99%) and 32,754/48,334 deployed beds (67.76%). These are NPDD legal-form ratios, not a complete beneficial-ownership denominator; exact legal ownership remains Unknown.", "payment_summary": "2024 current-health financing: government excluding social security 29.86%, compulsory social insurance 30.76%, voluntary insurance 4.91%, household OOP 34.24%, other 0.23%. EOPYY is the principal statutory purchaser, while state budgets also fund ESY providers.", "control_summary": "The Ministry and health regions plan ESY capacity; EOF/Ministry set medicine prices, EOPYY sets covered tariffs and reimbursement, KETEKNY supports DRG recording, and EKAPY centrally procures.", "integration_summary": "Public universities/research bodies feed clinical research; the EOF subsidiary IFET provides a bounded market-gap medicine production/import/distribution chain; EKAPY procures. IFET does not make the wider pharmaceutical sector public.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official domestic evidence for legal form, capacity, financing and public control, with beneficial ownership and several production denominators unresolved.", "source_count": 19, "dossier_summary": "Greece has exact public-law hospital and financing measures, but legal ownership, ambulatory ownership, pharmacy ownership and device-manufacturing ownership remain unresolved.", "uncertainties": [ "Hospital ownership denominator: ELSTAT classifies legal form, not beneficial owner. The four NPID hospitals could include publicly controlled bodies; consequently 125/266 and 32,754/48,334 are exact NPDD ratios, not a final public-ownership ratio.", "Bed concepts: “deployed” beds include inpatient and day/open-care beds; comparisons with Hungary's operating beds and Slovenia's hospital bed inventory are not definition-identical.", "Primary ownership/employment: the public-unit census omits the complete private ambulatory universe; contracted personal physicians cannot be converted to an ownership share from the located source.", "Workforce: professional registers are not employment/FTE counts, and hospital collaborators are excluded from the internal staff table.", "Pharmacy/device/manufacturing ownership: official counts/output were found, but not complete owner classifications.", "DRG transition: official material supports national DRG-style production recording, while EOPYY tariff/KEN instruments remain visible; universal exclusive DRG payment is not established.", "Research: exact public biomedical and pharmaceutical R&D performance/spending shares remain unknown.", "Vertical integration: IFET is supported as a narrow market-failure/strategic producer-importer-distributor; it does not justify describing Greek pharmaceutical manufacturing as public." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "partial", "summary": "Medicine is produced primarily in public universities. The public Study in Greece portal describes 24 public universities and a six-year medical degree; the University of Ioannina listing specifies 12 semesters, 360 ECTS and no tuition. This establishes public-university operation/funding for that programme, not an inventory of title to faculty assets. National admissions are state-regulated.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "The Ministry of Health/Central Health Council sets specialty content and recognizes training centres under gazetted criteria; the ministry's live placement system displayed 10,457 specialty-training positions at the research date. Residents train in recognized hospital services. The evidence establishes regulator/planner and training-site roles, but not a national split of residents by public/private legal employer.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "ELSTAT recorded 69,937 registered physicians, 13,840 dentists, 11,498 pharmacists and 11,447 physiotherapists in 2024; registration does not equal current FTE employment. The hospital census counted 83,017 internal staff (25,777 doctors, 42,748 nurses, 8,069 paramedical and 6,423 auxiliary); 65,318 were in NPDD, 2,101 in NPID and 15,598 in private clinics. External collaborating doctors were excluded. Public-law employment is therefore measurable, while all-sector employer ownership and FTE are not.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01", "GRC-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "In 2024 ELSTAT counted 266 θεραπευτήρια: 125 NPDD, 4 NPID and 137 private clinics. It counted 48,334 deployed beds: 32,754 NPDD, 968 NPID and 14,612 private-clinic beds. Thus the exact public-law-form ratios are 125/266 institutions (46.99%) and 32,754/48,334 beds (67.76%); they are not asserted as complete beneficial ownership. Operator/employer generally follows the legal provider in this census; the state/regions plan and fund ESY, EOPYY purchases covered activity, and residual P&L varies by legal form. A public service obligation does not resolve title.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "The public network in 2024 comprised 312 health centres, 1,432 regional clinics, 98 multipurpose regional clinics, 50 special regional clinics, 227 local clinics (66 operating), 10 other units and 137 TOMY. It employed/reported 15,422 personnel, including 5,486 doctors and 5,243 nurses; health centres themselves held 3,880 machines. Personal-physician law and EOPYY invitations add contracted private physicians. Accordingly, operator/employer categories are mixed: public units directly employ staff; contracted physicians or firms remain private operators while EOPYY purchases. No official all-ambulatory denominator by ownership was found.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-02", "GRC-03", "GRC-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "ELSTAT counted 10,456 pharmacies and 113 wholesale drugstores in 2024. EOF licenses/monitors the chain and EOPYY reimburses covered dispensing. The reviewed domestic statistic does not give legal-owner, chain, cooperative or hospital-pharmacy shares, so public/private ownership and pharmacist-employment proportions are unknown.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-05", "GRC-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public research bodies and universities conduct biomedical and drug-related research; HFRI funds investigator-led projects and GSRI supports targeted research infrastructure. The Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation is a public biomedical institute. Industry also conducts R&D, but the reviewed official sources do not provide a current public/private pharmaceutical-R&D production split or a national public biomedical-only expenditure numerator.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-15", "GRC-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "ELSTAT PRODCOM shows pharmaceutical products as 4.1% of 2024 industrial-product sales (medicines 3.4%), establishing domestic output but not ownership. EOF licenses manufacturing/distribution. A bounded public link is supported: IFET, an EOF subsidiary, manufactures and imports medicines absent from the private Greek market, makes unique medicines/antidotes, distributes them and performs testing, bioequivalence and sterilization. Do not generalize IFET's role to the whole sector.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-17", "GRC-18" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "EOF regulates and registers device manufacturers/distributors; EOPYY admits covered devices and issues product-specific reimbursement prices. EKAPY centrally procures significant hospital equipment. No current official source located quantified domestic device/capital-goods manufacturing output or legal ownership, so production ownership is unknown.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-10", "GRC-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public universities, the Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation and research centres provide healthcare research; HFRI/GSRI are public funders. Public hospitals also supply clinical sites. Exact 2024–26 public biomedical R&D spend, its hospital/university split and public/private performance shares are unknown because located appropriations cover broader science fields.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-15", "GRC-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "ELSTAT's 2024 SHA amounts were: general-government schemes excluding social security €5,932.3m; social-security schemes €6,112.6m; voluntary insurance €974.9m; household payments €6,803.8m; other €45.8m; total €19,869.4m. Calculated shares are 29.86%, 30.76%, 4.91%, 34.24%, and 0.23%, respectively. Collectors are tax and social-contribution authorities/SSOs; pools include state budgets and compulsory schemes; EOPYY is the principal purchaser for insured services and products, while the Ministry/regions directly fund ESY. A provider's public finance does not prove public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-06", "GRC-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Medicines: EOF conducts repricing/technical work and the Ministry publishes official price bulletins; reimbursed products are subject to EOPYY/health-technology and list decisions. Hospitals: state tariff/KEN remains relevant while the DRG institute has expanded Greek DRG recording; the source says all hospitals recorded production using DRG philosophy in 2024, not that every payment was exclusively DRG. Physicians/ambulatory and labs: EOPYY's benefits regulation and state tariff define covered units/rates, with contracts and copayments. Devices: EOPYY issues admission and product/category prices. Private cash prices outside public coverage are not comprehensively captured.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-09", "GRC-10", "GRC-13", "GRC-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Providers submit activity/claims to EOPYY and patients can inspect services attributed to them through the insured guide/account. The national electronic health record became available in March 2025. These systems improve claim visibility, but a national public comparison of every provider's invoice, negotiated net price and quality-adjusted cost was not found.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-13", "GRC-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "The Ministry, health regions and facility administrations plan ESY capacity; Recovery and Resilience projects cover 80 public hospitals across seven regions and 63 emergency departments. EKAPY's 2023–25 central procurement strategy and a €62.8m-ex-VAT equipment framework show centralized purchasing. These prove planner/procurer/funder roles, not EKAPY ownership of provider assets. A single current register reconciling legal title, depreciation, debt and capital-loss exposure was not located.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-11", "GRC-12" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "country": "Hungary", "ownership_summary": "2024 public-maintainer measure: 103/155 hospitals (66.45%) and 57,334/61,303 operating beds (93.52%), counting municipal, central and university maintainers. Maintainer is not legal owner; exact title and ultimate loss exposure remain Unknown.", "payment_summary": "Latest fully decomposed domestic SHA amounts located are 2023: government excluding social insurance 11.56%, compulsory social insurance 62.14%, voluntary schemes 3.23%, household OOP 23.06%. NEAK administers contracts and payments from the E. Alap.", "control_summary": "The Ministry and NEAK control financed capacity and reimbursement; hospitals report activity to NEAK; active inpatient care uses HBCs weights, outpatient/lab care uses points, and drug/device reimbursement requires NEAK admission.", "integration_summary": "Public universities integrate education, research and clinical care, while NKFIH also funds private pharmaceutical innovation. No current public drug/device manufacturer was established.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official maintainer, operating-bed, workforce, financing and reimbursement evidence, without a complete legal-ownership or manufacturing denominator.", "source_count": 17, "dossier_summary": "Hungary's public control and public-maintainer hospital footprint are measurable, but maintainer, owner, operator and employer cannot be collapsed into one ownership measure.", "uncertainties": [ "Ownership versus maintainer: current KSH/NEAK tables classify *fenntartó*, not *tulajdonos*. The 103/155 hospital and 57,334/61,303 bed ratios are exact public-maintainer measures only.", "University category: public-university status does not settle title to every hospital building/bed or loss exposure; it is included in the public-maintainer numerator but flagged.", "Bed denominator: 68,484 authorized beds versus 61,303 operating beds in 2024; this report uses operating beds and states the denominator.", "Primary employment: municipal duty, provider contract and private practice right overlap; no national employer-status denominator was found.", "Pharmacies: KSH supports private operation after privatization, but not legal-owner/equity concentration.", "Financing year: the latest fully decomposed domestic SHA amounts located are 2023, published in the 2024 pocketbook; they are not silently relabelled 2024.", "Devices/public manufacturing: regulation and reimbursement do not prove domestic manufacture or public ownership; neither was quantified.", "Capital: financed-capacity acceptance is not physical capital ownership. A unified current capital plan/asset register was not found." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public universities operate the principal medical programmes. Semmelweis University's 2024/25 curriculum is a 12-semester, 360-credit general-medicine programme; its admissions page shows both state-scholarship and self-financed places (HUF 1.95m per semester for the latter). University operation and state scholarship are distinct from legal title to all teaching assets.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "The National Directorate-General for Hospitals (OKFŐ) publishes centrally authorized resident-training allocations; universities and accredited providers deliver training. The 2026 quota page is current planning evidence, not a count of residents actually employed. The state therefore controls recognition/allocation, while employer and training-site identity can vary. A complete 2024 resident public/private employer split was not located.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "unknown", "summary": "KSH reports 43,123 working physicians and dentists in 2024 (18,182 men; 24,941 women), residence-based and including dentists. A separate workforce table gives 75,226 in the basic register, 43,123 working, 43,885.1 required physician/dentist positions and 41,962.1 filled; total health positions were 186,543 required and 177,737.9 filled. Since 2005 the position series includes private providers. Registration, persons and positions therefore cannot be interchanged, and no all-sector legal-employer ownership split is given.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-03", "HUN-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "NEAK counted 155 hospitals in 2024: 17 municipal-maintained, 82 centrally maintained, 4 university, 21 business, 9 church and 22 other. KSH counted 61,303 operating beds: 73 municipal, 46,112 central, 11,149 university, 1,460 business, 1,843 church and 666 other. Counting municipal+central+university produces exact public-maintainer ratios of 103/155 hospitals (66.45%) and 57,334/61,303 beds (93.52%). These are not legal-title ratios because *fenntartó* is maintainer; “university” also does not independently resolve asset title. Maintainers govern and bear institutional obligations, NEAK purchases activity, and the Ministry controls financed capacity. Exact legal ownership and ultimate loss exposure are unknown.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-01", "HUN-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "unknown", "summary": "KSH counted 4,216 GPs and 1,253 paediatric GPs in 2024. NEAK states it may contract a municipal health institution, a service provider that takes over the GP task, or the municipality; separate state support enables physicians to buy *praxisjog*. Thus municipalities hold the territorial service obligation, providers/doctors operate, and NEAK purchases. A practice right or municipal duty does not prove ownership of the premises or employment status. No current nationwide headcount split among municipal employees, private sole practices and private companies was found.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-05", "HUN-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "verified", "summary": "KSH/NEAK counted 2,246 community pharmacies, 635 branch pharmacies, 167 hand pharmacies and 80 institute pharmacies in 2024; 2,326 pharmacies served retail traffic. The official footnote says that after the 1996–97 privatization “only private pharmacies operate.” This supports private operation, not the equity distribution among pharmacists, chains or institutions. NEAK purchases subsidized dispensing and NNGYK regulates/licences.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "Semmelweis University documents life-science, clinical, molecular and pharmaceutical research integrated with clinical care and education. NKFIH's 2024 large-company programme funds strategic private pharmaceutical innovation. This establishes both public-university and subsidized private performance, but not a national 2024–26 public/private R&D expenditure share.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-11", "HUN-12" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "KSH's 2024 yearbook reports a pharmaceutical-manufacturing production-volume index of 96.2 (previous year=100), domestic sales 111.4 and exports 93.5; NNGYK publishes licensed manufacturer registers. This proves a domestic regulated industry, not its ownership distribution. No current Tier 1–3 source reviewed established a state-owned finished-dose manufacturer, so public manufacturing is unknown/not identified, not asserted absent.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-12" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "NNGYK registers and regulates device operators; NEAK decides admission of therapeutic aids to reimbursement and associated prices/conditions. OKFŐ manages certain central equipment reserves. No current domestic official output table or complete owner register was found for Hungarian device/capital-goods manufacturing, so production volume and public share are unknown.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-15", "HUN-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public universities combine research, education and clinical care; Semmelweis specifically documents translational links and research networks in bioimaging, genomics and biobanking. NKFIH is the public research funder. The evidence supports an integrated public-university chain, but no current national public biomedical-only spending numerator, performer split or hospital-research cost account was located.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "KSH's latest located functional financing table for 2023 reports HUF 4,812.7bn current health spending: HUF 3,547.4bn government schemes including HUF 2,990.8bn social insurance, HUF 155.5bn voluntary schemes and HUF 1,109.8bn household payments. Calculated shares: government excluding social insurance 11.56%; compulsory social insurance 62.14%; voluntary 3.23%; OOP 23.06%. “Voluntary” includes voluntary health funds, nonprofits and enterprises, not private insurance alone. Tax/contribution authorities collect, the E. Alap pools, and NEAK contracts/settles benefits.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-08", "HUN-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Reimbursed drugs: the manufacturer sets/proposes a price and NEAK accepts a reimbursed price and subsidy after policy and cost-effectiveness review. In 2024 subsidized prescription turnover was HUF 732.276bn: HUF 163.870bn patient co-pay (22.4%), HUF 568.405bn subsidy, with KSH showing 76.0% social-insurance and 1.6% budget support. Hospitals: active inpatient care uses HBCs weights under regulation; rulebook version 5.0 took effect in May 2025. Physicians: GP financing combines contract/capitation and categorical elements; outpatient specialists use coded points. Labs generally settle coded outpatient points or specific bundled rules. Devices/aids require NEAK reimbursement admission and price determination. Private cash prices are outside this public tariff account.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13", "HUN-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "NEAK's settlement guidance states that provider fees are determined from submitted performance reports under the governing rules. Providers report coded activity; NEAK validates and pays from E. Alap. Insured persons can query services, prescriptions and benefits recorded against them, while the public waiting-list portal exposes queue information. This is claims transparency, not full disclosure of hospital cost, negotiated procurement net prices or clinician compensation.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-13", "HUN-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Additional publicly financed capacity enters through *kapacitásbefogadás*: a committee recommends and the health minister decides with prior finance-minister consent. This is control of funded capacity, not asset ownership. OKFŐ maintains centrally managed equipment reserves and public procurement occurs through statutory procurement systems, but no single current plan reconciling every hospital's capital stock, title, depreciation and major-equipment allocation was found.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-14", "HUN-15" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "ISL", "country": "Iceland", "ownership_summary": "State accounts identify state hospital/health institutions, but a current all-sector hospital/bed ownership numerator and denominator are Unknown.", "payment_summary": "2024 preliminary SHA current expenditure: government 351,630.26m / total 420,194.35m ISK = 83.7%; households OOP 61,710.34m = 14.7%; NPISH 6,853.76m = 1.6%. Central taxes/budget; Ministry/state institutions; Iceland Health Insurance contracts and reimburses independent providers.", "control_summary": "State budgets and institutional plans control public capital; Medicines Agency sets maximum wholesale/retail prices and may benchmark/tender/negotiate; Landspítali tenders medicines.", "integration_summary": "University of Iceland/Landspítali/health institutions research → state procurement/delivery. No verified public general pharmaceutical manufacturer.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official financing and price-control evidence, with incomplete all-sector ownership data.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "Specific state institutions and a local primary-care operator split are verified, but national ownership counts are unknown.", "uncertainties": [ "University of Iceland is the core domestic public medical school; exact annual public training slots Unknown.", "State hospitals/health institutions provide posts and training; some specialty training occurs abroad. Current centrally allocated slot count Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are private licensed businesses under medicine/pricing regulation; hospital pharmacy services are institutional. Ownership fraction Unknown.", "University of Iceland, Landspítali and public health institutions conduct research; public funding scale/product pipeline Unknown.", "No current general public manufacturer verified. Institutional compounding/blood products were not counted without current national documentation.", "State institutions procure devices under public procurement; domestic public manufacture Unknown.", "Parliament/state budget and Ministry control major state-hospital investment; provider institutions plan operations. Training/beds/major-equipment slot mechanisms Unknown beyond those budget controls." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "University of Iceland is the core domestic public medical school; exact annual public training slots Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State hospitals/health institutions provide posts and training; some specialty training occurs abroad. Current centrally allocated slot count Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "Staff in state hospitals/centres are public employees; contracted health centres and independent specialists employ/contract their own clinicians.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "Landspítali, Akureyri Hospital and regional health institutions appear as state entities in the 2024 state accounts. Current national hospitals/beds by legal ownership Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "IS-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "Regulation covers health centres operated by the state or under contract with the state. Capital-area 2026 operator count: public Heilsugæsla höfuðborgarsvæðisins 15 centres; four private providers, under the same financing and fee model. This is local, not national.", "source_ids": [ "IS-2", "IS-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are private licensed businesses under medicine/pricing regulation; hospital pharmacy services are institutional. Ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "University of Iceland, Landspítali and public health institutions conduct research; public funding scale/product pipeline Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "No current general public manufacturer verified. Institutional compounding/blood products were not counted without current national documentation.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State institutions procure devices under public procurement; domestic public manufacture Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public universities/hospitals and national registries support research; the primary-care regulation includes a research role.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "Statistics Iceland 2024 preliminary: total current ISK420,194.35m; government ISK351,630.26m (83.7%, calculated); OOP ISK61,710.34m (14.7%); NPISH ISK6,853.76m (1.6%). No separate voluntary-insurance figure appears in that selected financing table.", "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Icelandic Medicines Agency approves maximum wholesale/retail prices for prescription medicines; current method benchmarks Nordic prices and permits tender/negotiation for publicly paid purchases. Iceland Health Insurance contracts/reimburses providers. Hospital service “prices” are chiefly budgets/contracts.", "source_ids": [ "IS-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "National fee/benefit and monthly drug price lists are public. Distinguish regulated patient fee from provider production cost.", "source_ids": [ "IS-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Parliament/state budget and Ministry control major state-hospital investment; provider institutions plan operations. Training/beds/major-equipment slot mechanisms Unknown beyond those budget controls.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "IRL", "country": "Ireland", "ownership_summary": "2024: 85 hospitals, 78.8% “publicly administered” ≈67/85. 2023: 15,372 inpatient beds, 87.8% in a “public hospital setting” ≈13,497/15,372. These are administration/setting measures, not proven legal ownership.", "payment_summary": "2023: government schemes €25,483m (76.0%), compulsory contributory €200m (0.6%), voluntary schemes €4,060m (12.1%), OOP €3,789m (11.3%); total €33,531m. Exchequer/Department of Health → HSE allocations; HSE/provider agreements and PCRS payments; voluntary insurers pool their members' premiums.", "control_summary": "Hospital budgets/service plans; national GP contract schedules; HSE/NCPE pharmaceutical assessment and commercial terms; government/HSE authorizes major capital and bed expansion.", "integration_summary": "HRB/public universities/HSE research → HSE procurement/PCRS → statutory and voluntary hospitals/contracted care. Public drug manufacturing beyond blood-component operations Unknown.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Official administration and setting measures must not be treated as legal ownership.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "Financing and central capacity planning are well supported; legal hospital ownership remains unresolved.", "uncertainties": [ "Public and private/independent universities provide medical degrees; state funding and Higher Education Authority policies affect places. Current public-seat fraction Unknown.", "HSE funds training posts and professional training bodies administer programs/accreditation. Exact national slot total Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are private contractors paid through PCRS schemes; hospital pharmacies sit within providers. Ownership fraction Unknown.", "General public drug manufacture Unknown/not verified. Public/statutory blood-component production should be separately counted only with current IBTS operational evidence.", "HSE/public hospitals procure major devices through public frameworks/tenders; public domestic manufacture Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public and private/independent universities provide medical degrees; state funding and Higher Education Authority policies affect places. Current public-seat fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "HSE funds training posts and professional training bodies administer programs/accreditation. Exact national slot total Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "HSE and statutory/voluntary hospitals employ staff; GPs under GMS are independent contractors. Public financing of voluntary hospitals does not establish state ownership.", "source_ids": [ "IE-3", "IE-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "Department 2025 comparison: 85 hospitals in 2024, 78.8% publicly administered (≈67/85 from rounded percentage); 15,372 inpatient beds in 2023, 87.8% in public hospital setting (≈13,497/15,372). These do not prove legal public ownership; voluntary nonprofit hospitals complicate that classification.", "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "HSE National Contracts Office governs contracts with GPs, dentists, pharmacists and optometrists. GMS is a contract for service with capitation/other payments; HSE also directly delivers community care.", "source_ids": [ "IE-3", "IE-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are private contractors paid through PCRS schemes; hospital pharmacies sit within providers. Ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "IE-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "Health Research Board, public universities and HSE/hospitals support R&D; grants do not establish a public product pipeline.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "General public drug manufacture Unknown/not verified. Public/statutory blood-component production should be separately counted only with current IBTS operational evidence.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "HSE/public hospitals procure major devices through public frameworks/tenders; public domestic manufacture Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "HRB, CSO, universities and HSE research/data functions provide public infrastructure.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "CSO 2023: total €33,531m; government schemes €25,483m (76.0%); compulsory contributory insurance €200m (0.6%); voluntary schemes €4,060m (12.1%; chiefly voluntary insurance); OOP €3,789m (11.3%). Percentages calculated from official amounts; CSO rounds headline shares to 76%, 1%, 12%, 11%.", "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "HSE budgets/service agreements pay public/voluntary hospitals; independent GP payment follows national contracts. HSE/NCPE assessment and industry agreements shape reimbursed drug terms; tendering shapes hospital/device purchases. No single hospital “price” applies to all flows.", "source_ids": [ "IE-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "PCRS publishes contractor/claims information; CSO SHA separates schemes. Eligibility cards, user charges and voluntary insurance create different patient-billing routes.", "source_ids": [ "IE-2", "IE-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "verified", "summary": "Government/Department/HSE approve capital plans. The announced Acute Hospital Inpatient Bed Capacity Expansion Plan targets 4,367 additional acute beds by 2031; provider-level implementation remains public planning, not market entry.", "source_ids": [ "IE-5" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "country": "Israel", "ownership_summary": "The Ministry reported operating about half of general inpatient beds in 2023–24; this remains approximate and is not an all-bed ownership share.", "payment_summary": "In 2023, health tax financed 23.2% and the state budget 40.6% (63.8% calculated public financing); direct household payments were 21.3% and other private financing 13.5%.", "control_summary": "The state regulates selected hospital tariffs and requires approval/licensing for allocated or expanded beds; statutory benefits include medicines and devices.", "integration_summary": "Mandatory tax/budget financing flows through four health funds arranging clinics, pharmacy benefits, and hospital care alongside Ministry-operated hospitals and licensing/tariff authority.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 10 ledger sources", "source_count": 10, "dossier_summary": "Financing, entitlement, tariffs, and capacity controls are well evidenced; ownership and employment denominators remain incomplete.", "uncertainties": [ "Exact all-hospital and all-bed ownership shares", "Clinic ownership and clinician employment", "Public pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing shares" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown current public/private graduate share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Government hospitals are teaching/training sites, but no current official allocation/output denominator verified. Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Health funds and hospitals employ/contract clinicians; exact public employment share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "MOH 2023–24 budget proposal: “משרד הבריאות מפעיל כמחצית ממיטות האשפוז הכלליות.” Translation: “The Ministry of Health operates about half of general inpatient beds.” This is approximate and limited to general beds, not all hospital beds. The same document lists 47,821 licensed beds: 16,869 general, 3,570 psychiatric, 27,382 geriatric/rehabilitation, but does not provide a complete ownership cross-tab.", "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "verified", "summary": "Every insured person must register with one kupat holim, which must supply the statutory basket without conditions. Funds organize/operate community clinics, but exact clinic ownership and physician-employment shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "IL-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "The statutory basket includes medicines, equipment and devices; MOH’s Kol Habriut portal states a health fund may supply a generic alternative. Exact pharmacy ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "IL-07", "IL-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public R&D share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "Statutory basket includes medical equipment/devices. Public procurement/manufacturing shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "IL-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public research share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "CBS 2023: health tax 23.2% and state budget 40.6% = 63.8% public financing calculated; direct household payments 21.3%; other private financing 13.5%; total private 34.8%.", "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "State Comptroller explains hospital payment via inpatient-day tariffs, differential tariffs for selected procedures and ambulatory tariffs. Under the Price Control Law, MOH proposes selected/ambulatory prices to an interministerial Health–Finance committee; ministers set inpatient-day changes after consultation. A June 2024 MOH circular raised government/public general inpatient/day/ambulatory/emergency tariffs 1.19% and geriatric/psychiatric 1.21%, leaving devices/preparations unchanged.", "source_ids": [ "IL-04", "IL-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "MOH public calculator gives medicine copayment as 10% of maximum consumer price or NIS20.64, whichever higher, where generic alternatives exist (current portal rule; verify effective date before time-sensitive use). The Kol Habriut portal exposes entitlements and fund arrangements.", "source_ids": [ "IL-08", "IL-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "verified", "summary": "MOH’s bed-allocation plan requires hospitals to meet staffing/building standards before allocated beds are added to a license. Establishing/expanding a geriatric hospital or adding beds requires prior MOH approval and an operating license.", "source_ids": [ "IL-06", "IL-10" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "ITA", "country": "Italy", "ownership_summary": "The 2023 ministry service category counted 511 public/equivalent hospitals out of 996 and implies about 153,388 of 194,408 ordinary beds on that side. This is not pure ownership because equiparati/classificati can be non-state entities.", "payment_summary": "Italy’s 2024 SHA current-health expenditure was €186.228bn: government/compulsory 73.6%, voluntary 3.4%, and household out-of-pocket 23.0%.", "control_summary": "National and regional government control medical admission, residency finance, service authorization, public capacity standards, hospital payment frameworks, and reimbursed medicine negotiation.", "integration_summary": "ISS and public IRCCS link public research and care. The state Stabilimento Chimico Farmaceutico Militare is a bounded military manufacturer, not evidence of a general public pharmaceutical industry.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official service and financing evidence; hospital categories do not resolve pure patrimonial ownership.", "source_count": 4, "dossier_summary": "Italy has tax-funded regional delivery, substantial public-side hospital capacity, convention-contractor primary care and bounded state pharmaceutical production.", "uncertainties": [ "Pure patrimonial hospital and bed ownership is Unknown after accounting for equiparati/classificati.", "A national owner-resolved pharmaceutical R&D split is Unknown.", "The public share of device manufacturing is Unknown.", "Public/equivalent is retained as the ministry service category and is not relabeled state-owned." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2025 reform introduced an open first semester, but a national ranking and cap remain afterward; medical education is not unrestricted.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "There were 15,088 state-funded residency contracts in 2024/25; universities and approved networks deliver training under national rules.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "Public SSN entities employed 713,976 staff in 2024; this is public-sector employment, not the total national workforce.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2023 ministry category counted 511 public/equivalent hospitals out of 996 and about 153,388 public/equivalent ordinary beds out of 194,408. Equiparati/classificati prevent a pure ownership reading.", "source_ids": [ "IT-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "In 2023 there were 3,675 public/equivalent and 5,446 accredited-private specialist ambulatory facilities; GPs and family paediatricians are generally SSN convention contractors.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "The April 2025 sector count reported 20,195 pharmacies: 18,472 private and 1,723 municipal. Municipal pharmacies are a distinct public ownership category.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Firms, universities, ISS and IRCCS conduct pharmaceutical R&D, but a national owner-resolved split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "verified", "summary": "Licensed industry predominates; the state Stabilimento Chimico Farmaceutico Militare produces designated medicines and health goods as a bounded military facility.", "source_ids": [ "IT-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "EU rules, public oversight and Consip/regional tenders shape devices, but the public manufacturing share is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "ISS and public/private IRCCS link research and care; recognition or accreditation alone does not establish ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "For 2024, SHA financing was government/compulsory 73.6%, voluntary 3.4%, and household out-of-pocket 23.0%.", "source_ids": [ "IT-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Regions use hospital DRGs and budgets; clinician pay uses CCNL/ACN arrangements; AIFA negotiates reimbursed medicine price and class.", "source_ids": [ "IT-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "National/regional transparency and waiting-list portals coexist with public copayments (ticket) and private invoices.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Regions plan within DM 70 standards, including 3.7 beds per 1,000, while PNRR supplies bounded earmarked capital and equipment.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "country": "Japan", "ownership_summary": "In 2024 the national category was 317 hospitals/121,985 beds and the separate official-public category was 1,182/302,045; their calculated combined shares were 18.60% of hospitals and 28.85% of beds. Social-insurance organizations remain separate.", "payment_summary": "FY2023 national medical expenditure was financed by public funds 37.5%, premiums 50.2%, and other financing 12.3%, including patient burden 11.8%; patient burden is not automatically full SHA OOP.", "control_summary": "National compulsory-insurance rules administer medical fees, drug prices, material/device prices, and DPC hospital payment.", "integration_summary": "Integration is primarily financial/regulatory: compulsory insurance and public subsidies use nationally administered prices across a provider base dominated by medical corporations.", "ownership_state": "verified", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 6 ledger sources", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Detailed operator counts and financing/payment rules are verified, with national, official-public, and social-insurance operator categories kept distinct.", "uncertainties": [ "Medical education and residency-seat ownership shares", "Public/private clinician employment", "Public R&D and manufacturing shares", "National ex-ante capital approval rule" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Medical schools include national/public/private universities, but current official graduate/seat ownership shares Unknown in this pass.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "unknown", "summary": "National rules and teaching hospitals govern clinical training, but a current official seat-allocation denominator was not verified. Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "MHLW facility survey measures staff by facility/operator. It does not imply physician employment from financing. National public/private employment shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "JP-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "verified", "summary": "MHLW 2024: 8,060 hospitals and 1,469,845 beds. Operator counts: national 317/121,985; official-public medical institutions 1,182/302,045; social-insurance organizations 47/14,968; medical corporations 5,626/827,323; individuals 92/8,360; other 796/195,164. Narrow national share = 3.93% hospitals, 8.30% beds; national+official-public = 18.60%, 28.85%; including the separate social-insurance category = 19.18%, 29.87%. All calculated.", "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "verified", "summary": "2024 general clinics total 105,207: national 551 (0.5%); official-public 3,501 (3.3%); social-insurance 409 (0.4%); medical corporations 47,711 (45.3%); individuals 38,719 (36.8%); other 14,316 (13.6%). Facility ownership is not clinician employment.", "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "National insurance drug prices are published as part of 薬価 rules; pharmacy ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "JP-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public R&D share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "MHLW fee-schedule publication includes 材料価格 and medical-device notices. Facility survey captures equipment. This is price/regulatory control, not ownership/manufacture.", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public research share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "2023 NHE ¥48.0915tn. Public funds 37.5% (national 24.8%, local 12.7%); premiums 50.2% (employer 22.0%, insured 28.2%); other 12.3%, including patient burden 11.8%. Do not equate 患者等負担分 mechanically to the full SHA OOP definition.", "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "2024 national revision covers 診療報酬 (medical fees), 薬価 (drug prices), 材料価格 (medical-material/device prices), and DPC hospital payment. Overall fee-schedule revision +0.88%. These are administered national compulsory-insurance prices.", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "partial", "summary": "National fee/drug/material schedules provide standardized reimbursable amounts; exact patient-billing disclosure requirements Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "MHLW facility survey records opener, staff, beds and equipment, but a national ex-ante hospital-capital/bed approval rule was not verified here. Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "JP-06" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "country": "Republic of Korea", "ownership_summary": "Current public hospital, bed, clinic, and clinician-employment denominators were not verified; insurance-provider statistics are not treated as ownership data.", "payment_summary": "The employee-insured contribution rate was 7.09% in 2023, but current government/compulsory/OOP expenditure shares were not verified.", "control_summary": "HIRA administers benefit and relative-value payment rules and non-covered reporting; MOHW uses a regional bed-supply plan and prior approval for specified expansions.", "integration_summary": "NHIS pools statutory insurance, HIRA reviews claims and payment data, and MOHW separately plans bed supply; this does not imply public provider ownership.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 6 ledger sources", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Payer, price, transparency, and capacity controls are verified, while provider ownership, employment, and expenditure-financing decompositions remain unknown.", "uncertainties": [ "Public hospital and bed ownership", "Clinic ownership and physician employment", "Government/compulsory/OOP expenditure shares", "Public R&D and manufacturing shares" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown current public/private school or graduate share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown current residency-seat control/output share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "unknown", "summary": "National provider and workforce totals are in official yearbooks, but public employment share was not verified. Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Exact current public hospital and bed ownership denominator Unknown. HIRA/NHIS statistics describe insured service providers but were not treated as ownership data.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Exact clinic ownership and physician-employment denominator Unknown. Do not infer private ownership from insurance contracting alone.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "partial", "summary": "HIRA administers reimbursable/non-reimbursable listings and NHIS claims; exact public/private pharmacy ownership Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "KR-01", "KR-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public R&D share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "HIRA benefit/non-benefit and relative-value schedules cover billable procedures/materials; ownership/manufacture shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "KR-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public research share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "partial", "summary": "NHIS official notice: employee-insured contribution rate rose from 6.99% (2022) to 7.09% (2023). HIRA/NHIS’s 2023 건강보험통계연보 compiles insured population, finance, benefits, claims review, quality and disease statistics. Exact government/compulsory/OOP expenditure shares were not located in a domestic current table; Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "KR-03", "KR-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "MOHW Notice 2024-122 amended 건강보험 행위 급여·비급여 목록표 및 급여 상대가치점수—the list of covered/non-covered acts and benefit relative-value points. This is national insurance payment regulation; it is not all market prices.", "source_ids": [ "KR-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "From 2024, all medical institutions report non-covered services: item unit price, frequency and diagnosis; hospitals twice annually and clinics annually. Reporting is not necessarily a patient-facing estimate.", "source_ids": [ "KR-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "verified", "summary": "MOHW’s 제3기 병상수급 기본시책(2023~2027) classifies regions as supply-restriction, adjustment or permissible; announced prior approval for ≥100-bed general hospital expansion and ≥300-bed general hospitals/Seoul tertiary branches. It projected 105,000 excess beds in 2027.", "source_ids": [ "KR-06" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "country": "Latvia", "ownership_summary": "Exact national legal hospital ownership is Unknown. The official 2024 bed table reports affiliation: 8,591 of 9,297 beds are in Ministry-of-Health-system or municipal categories, a 92.41% public-affiliation lower bound, not an ownership share.", "payment_summary": "Latest complete harmonised shares are 2023: government schemes 59.60%, compulsory contributory schemes 0.00%, voluntary schemes 5.34%, and household out-of-pocket 35.06%. Taxes/budget channels fund an NVD-administered national purchasing and payment chain.", "control_summary": "Cabinet and NVD rules govern public tariffs, contracting, needs planning, and selected central procurement; the Ministry sets hospital-network and publicly financed residency capacity. Provider ownership and employment remain separate.", "integration_summary": "State finance → NVD planning, tariff calculation, contracting/payment, selected procurement, and claims visibility form a functional public chain; public research institutes add upstream capacity without proving common ownership of providers or manufacturers.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official domestic-language evidence with explicit ownership and scope limitations.", "source_count": 20, "dossier_summary": "Latvia has strong official evidence for financing and public control, while ownership and employment remain only partly measurable.", "uncertainties": [ "The official piederība classification is affiliation, not legal ownership; the 169-bed residual is unassigned.", "Primary-care owner and clinician-employer mix is Unknown.", "A complete harmonised 2024 four-way payment split is unavailable.", "Public ownership of pharmacies and medicine/device manufacturers is Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "Rīga Stradiņš University’s Latvian-language Medicine programme lasts 6 years / 360 ECTS and lists 200 state-budget, 20 paid, and 30 co-financed places. This is public-university training capacity, not evidence about the ownership of clinical placement providers.", "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "verified", "summary": "The unified residency admissions rules cover state-budget places across RSU and the University of Latvia. Ministry planning listed 289 places in 2024/25, 279 in 2025/26 and 275 in 2026/27, with at least 41% directed outside Riga. The state therefore controls publicly financed intake and geographic conditions; teaching-site ownership and resident employment remain separate.", "source_ids": [ "LV-06", "LV-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "SPKC’s 2025 official returns report 6,392 practising physicians, including 1,431 family/general-practice physicians, and 7,647 practising nurses. These are practising-person counts, not FTEs or public employees. A national public/private employment split was not found.", "source_ids": [ "LV-03", "LV-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "SPKC counted 55 inpatient treatment institutions in 2024. CSP’s bed table reports 9,297 average beds: 5,096 affiliated to the Ministry of Health system, 3,495 municipal, 537 private and 169 outside those displayed groups. The table calls the dimension piederība, not ownership. Consequently 8,591/9,297 is an identified public-affiliation lower bound, not an exact public-owner numerator. The Ministry separately lists companies in which it holds state shares; that validates those named companies only.", "source_ids": [ "LV-01", "LV-08", "LV-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2024 activity profile contains 4,054 ambulatory institutions, including 1,200 family-doctor/internist/pediatric practices and 1,004 specialist practices. NVD contracts family practices and pays capitation, billable manipulations, fixed practice payments and personnel supplements under Cabinet Regulation 555. Neither activity profile nor NVD contract identifies legal owner or clinician employer. Exact ownership and employment mixes are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-02", "LV-10", "LV-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "The Finance Ministry’s 2025 sector summary records 773 general pharmacies, of which 166 were sole local outlets. The Pharmacy Law and State Agency of Medicines govern licences and medicine circulation. No current official source found supplies a national owner-type denominator; pharmacy ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-13", "LV-15" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "verified", "summary": "The Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (OSI), a public-law research institute, performs drug-discovery and active-substance research; the Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC) supplies public biomedical platforms. Clinical products remain subject to medicines-agency and ethics review. This supports public upstream R&D, not public ownership of clinical-trial sponsors or resulting manufacturers.", "source_ids": [ "LV-16", "LV-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "The Pharmacy Law and medicine-price rules establish licensing and market conditions. Official business statistics identify a pharmaceutical-manufacturing industry, but the sources reviewed do not classify producers by legal owner. Public pharmaceutical manufacturing is Unknown, not absent.", "source_ids": [ "LV-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "partial", "summary": "NVD’s statute authorises central procurement of selected medicines and medical devices. In the oncology-plan programme, clinical university hospitals acquired imaging, surgery and radiotherapy equipment with €19.84 million in public programme funding. This establishes public procurement/investment and use at named hospitals, not public manufacture of equipment. Device-manufacturer ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-10", "LV-18" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "BMC’s strategy identifies it as a state scientific institute–derived public person; at December 2024 it recorded 165 staff, including 142 scientific personnel, with 12% base state funding and 71% competitive funding. OSI has the same public-law institutional form and a drug-discovery mission. These are supported public production-chain links in research.", "source_ids": [ "LV-16", "LV-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "The Health Care Financing Law identifies general-budget grants, the state-budget revenue linked to one percentage point of social contributions, health-insurance payments, patient co-payments, EU resources, municipal funding and institutional own revenue. NVD administers the state healthcare appropriation and pays under contracts. Under SHA, Latvia’s arrangement is classified as government scheme rather than compulsory contributory insurance: latest complete comparable data, 2023, are government 59.60%, compulsory contributory 0.00%, voluntary 5.34%, OOP 35.06%. A complete 2024 four-way split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-09", "X-BALTIC-02", "LV-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Cabinet Regulation 555 specifies organisation and public payment, including family-practice capitation and hospital rules. NVD publishes service tariffs and a recalculation route: providers/professional bodies may submit evidence; NVD evaluates cost and budget impact. Cabinet medicine-price rules govern producer/wholesale/retail formation; NVD maintains reimbursed/reference lists. Devices follow reimbursement rules where listed. Lab manipulations sit in the NVD service tariff; a distinct national lab-only price authority was not found.", "source_ids": [ "LV-11", "LV-12", "LV-13", "LV-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "NVD’s electronic service lets an insured person inspect state-paid services, the amount paid by the state and recorded patient co-payment. Providers must issue supporting payment documents for co-payments. This is claims/payment transparency; it does not establish facility ownership or show all wholly private care.", "source_ids": [ "LV-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "The Cabinet/Ministry hospital-network plan sets service baskets, concentration and methodological-centre functions. NVD’s statute requires it to plan need and contract services; national programmes purchase selected major equipment. The Ministry also sets state-financed residency numbers and regional conditions. Facility-level discretion remains; universal central pre-authorisation of every major-equipment purchase is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-07", "LV-10", "LV-18", "LV-20" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "country": "Lithuania", "ownership_summary": "HI explicitly reports 75 state/municipal hospitals, but private reporting was incomplete; 75 of 89 (84.27%) is only a known-reporting-unit ratio. Bed figures are SAM-system/subordination categories rather than clean ownership and two HI copies conflict by 30 beds.", "payment_summary": "The compulsory PSD contribution flows through Sodra/VSDF to the PSDF administered by VLK. Harmonised 2024 spending shares were government 7.02%, compulsory contributory 61.64%, voluntary 1.64%, OOP 29.67%, and other 0.03%.", "control_summary": "VLK is the consolidated national contractor/payer, publishes base prices and DRG rules, and centrally pays selected products; ministries direct funded training and capital programmes. These controls do not establish provider ownership.", "integration_summary": "Compulsory collection → PSDF pooling → VLK contracting/payment, price lists/DRGs, selected central supply and patient claims transparency form a functional public chain; public universities add education/R&D without establishing common ownership across delivery and industry.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official domestic-language evidence with explicit ownership and scope limitations.", "source_count": 22, "dossier_summary": "Lithuania has strong official evidence for financing and public control, while ownership and employment remain only partly measurable.", "uncertainties": [ "Private institution response was 80.7%, so an exact national hospital-owner denominator is unavailable.", "HI bed publications conflict: 21,672 total/786 private versus 21,642/756; both report 20,374 SAM-system beds.", "Public, private respondent, and VLK-contracted primary-care counts use unlike scopes.", "Clinician employment, pharmacy ownership, and public commercial drug/device manufacturing are Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "Vilnius University offers an integrated Medicine programme; the Ministry proposed 365 state-financed medicine places for 2025/26 across institutions. Public universities therefore produce physician education under nationally influenced capacity. The reviewed sources do not provide a complete public/private share of all clinical teaching sites.", "source_ids": [ "LT-04", "LT-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "verified", "summary": "For 2025 the Ministry proposed 385 state-financed residency places (365 medicine and 20 dentistry) with specialty allocations; 2026 policy added regional targeting. This is direct state control of funded training capacity, distinct from the employer and legal owner of a particular residency base.", "source_ids": [ "LT-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "HI’s 2023 publication reports 13,951 active physicians (13,256 practising) and 22,314 active nurses and midwives. These are occupational counts, not public employment. A nationwide owner-by-employer/FTE table was not found.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "HI states that at end-2023 Lithuania had 75 state and municipal hospitals. Among responding private institutions it counted 14 hospitals; only 2,394 of 3,439 private institutions reported activity and 381 reported no activity (overall private response 80.7%). Therefore 75/89 (84.27%) is the public share only among public hospitals plus known private hospital respondents, not the national ownership share. [LT-01] For beds, the current HI detailed publication reports 21,672 total, of which 20,374 are in the SAM system excluding private institutions, 786 private, and 512 outside the combined displayed grouping. These are SAM-system/pavaldumas categories, not clean ownership. A legacy HI copy conflicts: 21,642 total and 756 private while the 20,374 figure is unchanged.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01", "LT-02", "LT-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "HI reports 124 state/municipal ambulatory institutions and, among responding private institutions, 191 primary-care institutions. Those categories do not form a common denominator, and private non-response is material. VLK reported 383 contracted primary-care institutions for 2025; a PSDF contract is financing, not ownership. Exact primary owner and clinician employment shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01", "LT-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "VVKT maintains current licensed pharmacy/activity lists. HI reported 2,850 active pharmacists and 2,700 practising in 2023. The reviewed official sources do not publish a current pharmacy-establishment owner-type split, so public/private pharmacy ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01", "LT-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "verified", "summary": "VVKT publishes current clinical-trial records including sponsor, centres and principal investigators. LSMU’s Pharmaceutical Technologies Institute performs formulation, materials and pharmaceutical-technology research. Public operation of the institute is an upstream production link; it does not prove public ownership of sponsors or commercial outputs.", "source_ids": [ "LT-18", "LT-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "VVKT publishes licensed manufacturers and active-substance operators. Those lists establish authorised operation, not ownership. The reviewed material identifies public-university pharmaceutical research but no defensible nationwide owner classification or confirmed public commercial drug manufacturer. Public manufacturing is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-17", "LT-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "partial", "summary": "VLK centrally pays for/procures selected medicines and medical-aid devices and publishes an annual overview. Ministry investment measures finance medical equipment in designated facilities. These establish procurement, public financing and allocation; they do not establish domestic device manufacture or ownership of producers.", "source_ids": [ "LT-14", "LT-22" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "The Research Council of Lithuania finances biomedical collaborations involving public universities; LSMU supplies public pharmaceutical research, and Vilnius University’s Life Sciences Center operates major translational/genomics infrastructure. This is supported public R&D production. Commercialisation rights and downstream owner/profit exposure require project-specific evidence and are not generalised.", "source_ids": [ "LT-19", "LT-20" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "The Health Insurance Act sets the compulsory PSD contribution and transfer into the PSDF. Employers/insured persons remit via the State Social Insurance Fund administration (Sodra/VSDF); VLK administers the PSDF and, after 2025 consolidation, is the national contracting/paying institution. The 2025 planned PSDF revenue mix was 69% economically active contributions, 26% state contributions for people insured by the state, 4% delegated state functions and 1% other. Harmonised 2024 spending shares were government 7.02%, compulsory contributory 61.64%, voluntary 1.64%, OOP 29.67%, other 0.03%. Revenue composition and spending-by-scheme are different denominators.", "source_ids": [ "LT-08", "X-BALTIC-01", "LT-09", "LT-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "VLK publishes PSDF base-price lists. Active inpatient payment uses DRGs, case-mix and a point value; other services use listed base prices/points. Drug reimbursement follows application, health/financial assessment and statutory base-price rules including external-reference and domestic price evidence. Medical-aid device methodology groups functionally comparable products and uses purchase-price evidence. Primary-care laboratory costs may be included in capitation/base payment or separately listed; a distinct lab-only national price-setter was not identified.", "source_ids": [ "LT-11", "LT-12", "LT-13", "LT-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "VLK’s e-service shows individuals the services and reimbursed medicines recorded for them, their cost and financing source. Official patient-rights guidance states that contracted, PSDF-covered services should not attract unjustified additional payments; 2026 rules require written disclosure for permitted patient-chosen upgrades. This is transparency and consumer protection, not evidence that every price is administratively fixed.", "source_ids": [ "LT-15", "LT-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "The Ministry’s health-centre investment measures direct EU/state resources to primary, specialist outpatient, day and emergency infrastructure, while the network reform concentrates high-complexity services. VLK contracts funded volumes and centrally supplies selected medicines/devices. Municipalities/providers retain project and operational roles; blanket central control of all capital purchases is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-07", "LT-21", "LT-22" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "country": "Luxembourg", "ownership_summary": "National public-owner numerators for 10 hospitals and 2,686 installed beds in 2025 are Unknown; statutory maxima, authorizations, concessions, and employment status do not establish title.", "payment_summary": "CCSS collects contributions; CNS administers and pays most insured care, with separate public-employee funds. In 2023 government/compulsory schemes paid 85.58% of current health expenditure and household OOP 8.77%.", "control_summary": "National bed/service ceilings, ministerial authorizations, CNS conventions/tariffs, and investment subsidies create strong public control while ownership remains project/entity specific.", "integration_summary": "The public University links undergraduate and three postgraduate programs to partner clinical sites, and LIH is a public biomedical research node. No supported public medicine/device manufacture-to-distribution chain was found.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence with explicit unresolved ownership and integration denominators.", "source_count": 20, "dossier_summary": "Centralized social insurance and capacity control are well evidenced, as are exact workforce statuses, but national owner shares and public manufacturing integration remain Unknown.", "uncertainties": [ "Current national ultimate-owner numerator for the 10 hospitals and 2,686 installed beds in 2025.", "Ownership of individual hospital buildings, installed beds and listed major equipment; authorization lists do not answer title.", "Practice-asset ownership despite exact liberal/salaried/mixed physician employment data.", "Ultimate ownership of community-pharmacy property/corporations beyond concession-holder operating responsibility.", "Domestic public/private shares of pharma/device R&D and manufacturing output; the private ecosystem map is not a capacity census.", "Any current public commercial medicine/device manufacturer or vertically integrated public distribution chain; none was identified.", "Cross-category device factory-price formation beyond CNS list/forfait arrangements.", "Hospital counts are scoped differently. Belgium’s 103 is general hospitals; Luxembourg’s 10 includes four centres plus six specialized hospitals; the Netherlands’ 80 is a provisional CBS enterprise count excluding mental-health hospitals. They are not directly comparable organization counts.", "Bed counts are scoped differently. Belgium uses accredited beds on 1 January 2025; Luxembourg uses installed beds during 2025; the Netherlands uses staffed beds directly available for clinical specialist care on one reference date in 2023 and rounds to tens. Comparing levels or shares without harmonization would be misleading.", "Luxembourg 2025 installed and 2026 authorized capacity differ legitimately. The 2,686 installed beds, 2,813 actually authorized beds, and statutory maximum of 3,545 answer different questions. None is an ownership denominator by itself.", "Employment is not ownership. Luxembourg’s exact liberal/salaried/mixed counts, Dutch GP employment counts and Belgian absence of employment data cannot answer practice or hospital ownership.", "Registries and active-workforce counts differ. Belgian visa/professional-registry totals, Dutch BIG/specialty counts and labour-market activity counts have different populations. No attempt is made to force them into one workforce denominator.", "Financing shares are SHA payment shares. They describe which financing scheme paid current health expenditure. They do not describe tax financing alone, compulsory contribution incidence, provider legal form, capital ownership or production control.", "Current versus data year. Several pages were updated/published in 2025–2026 but report 2023–2025 data. Both dates are retained in the ledger.", "Industrial output is not owner structure. Belgian value added and Dutch domestic-origin exports demonstrate manufacturing activity, not the public/private ownership of factories.", "Public research is not public manufacturing. Sciensano, LIH, ZonMw and public universities establish public research sponsorship/operation. They do not, without project-specific evidence, establish public downstream manufacturing, distribution or pharmacy ownership.", "Authorization is not title. Belgium’s imaging accreditation, Luxembourg’s hospital/equipment authorizations and the Netherlands’ Wbmv licensing are capacity controls only.", "No negative existential is claimed. “No supported public manufacturer identified” means this search found none in qualifying current sources; it is not proof that none exists." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "partial", "summary": "The University of Luxembourg is an établissement public (public establishment) and offers a three-year, 180-ECTS Bachelor en Médecine. Its own career page says graduates must continue medical studies, normally through partner pathways in Belgium, France or other partner universities. Luxembourg therefore operates a domestic public undergraduate node but not a wholly domestic six-year initial-qualification chain. Unknown: a national quantified share of all Luxembourg physicians whose initial training was domestic versus imported.", "source_ids": [ "LU-03", "LU-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "The University offers three Diplômes d’études spécialisées (DES): general medicine, neurology and medical oncology. The 2024 program rules specify structured rotations and research/clinical components. This is a public-university training sponsor with accredited clinical sites; it does not mean the university owns every training hospital or employs every trainee supervisor.", "source_ids": [ "LU-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "verified", "summary": "IGSS administrative data for 2024 show 3,710 active doctors, of whom 3,572 were practising: 2,726 liberal, 808 salaried and 38 mixed; 771 were general practitioners. In 2025, 1,505 hospital physicians were recorded, and IGSS states most hospital physicians were not salaried but practised liberally. These are work-status classifications, not clinic or hospital ownership. Hospital employment totalled 10,413 in March 2025, another workforce measure with a different population.", "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2025 Carte sanitaire records 10 hospitals and 2,686 installed beds, alongside equipment and service inventories. The hospital law and plan set service/bed maxima and ministers issue operating authorizations. The CNS–FHL convention and IGSS budget analysis show each hospital’s external budget situated within a global hospital expenditure envelope. None of these documents supplies a national ultimate-owner numerator, so public ownership remains Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LU-01", "LU-02", "LU-12", "LU-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2024 physician-status data show a predominantly liberal physician workforce (2,726 of 3,572 practising doctors), with salaried and mixed forms also present. “Liberal” identifies professional work status, not ownership of premises, equipment or a group practice. CNS conventions make authorized physicians compulsory participants in the national tariff system. Practice ownership by public/private/clinician/corporate class: Unknown nationally.", "source_ids": [ "LU-05", "LU-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "partial", "summary": "IGSS reports 104 community pharmacies and four hospital pharmacies in 2025. It describes a community-pharmacy concession held by a titular pharmacist who manages the pharmacy and bears financial responsibility. Concessionnaire/titulaire establishes operating responsibility under authorization; it does not necessarily establish ownership of the property or all capital. No complete owner-class census was found, so the public/private pharmacy ownership split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LU-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "The Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) describes itself as a public biomedical research establishment and its 2024 annual report documents public and competitive research funding. The University of Luxembourg is another public research/training node. Private HealthTech and biopharma firms also exist, but ecosystem counts explicitly exclude the public sector and therefore cannot be combined into a system ownership share.", "source_ids": [ "LU-07", "LU-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Luxinnovation’s 2025 HealthTech map identifies biopharma firms within a private-sector mapping, but it is not a manufacturing-capacity census and explicitly omits public-sector bodies. No current Tier 1–3 evidence was found for a Luxembourg state-owned medicine manufacturer or a national public-manufacturing share. Public pharmaceutical manufacturing: Unknown; no supported producer identified.", "source_ids": [ "LU-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "Luxinnovation reports device, diagnostic, software and distributor segments, but the publication maps organizations rather than manufacturing output or ownership of all production capacity. The Carte sanitaire separately inventories major clinical equipment—13 CT scanners, 13 MRI systems, eight gamma cameras, eight mammography units and two PET scanners in 2025—without identifying equipment owners. Ministerial authorization/control therefore is supported; national device-asset ownership and domestic manufacturing shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LU-08", "LU-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "LIH is a documented public research operator; the University supplies public academic research, and hospitals participate in clinical research. These establish public sponsorship/operation, not monopoly or ownership of all research assets. LIH’s receipt of public grants does not by itself establish ownership of downstream intellectual property, manufacturers or providers unless project-specific documents say so.", "source_ids": [ "LU-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "CCSS collects affiliations and contributions; CNS administers the main insured populations, with separate public-service schemes for some officials and rail employees. IGSS says employee and employer health-maternity contribution rates are equal and the state supports 40% of contributions. For 2023, government/compulsory schemes paid 85.58% of current health expenditure, voluntary schemes 4.43%, household OOP 8.77%, and other schemes 1.22%; within the government/compulsory total, government schemes were 6.88% and compulsory contributory schemes 78.70%. Revenue contribution shares and expenditure financing shares are different measures. Collectors/pools/payers: CCSS collects; statutory funds/CNS pool and administer entitlements; CNS contracts and pays most care; separate public-employee funds cover their defined populations; the state contributes revenue and subsidizes/authorizes parts of hospital capital.", "source_ids": [ "LU-09", "LU-10", "X-BENELUX-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospital: each hospital’s external budget is negotiated/agreed with CNS inside the statutory global hospital envelope, distinguishing fixed and variable costs and specific budgets. Physician: every authorized doctor is automatically and mandatorily conventioned; the CNS–AMMD convention and nomenclature determine tariffs. Adults are generally reimbursed at 88%, minors at 100%, subject to service-specific rules. Drug: a medicine must have marketing authorization, a public price and inclusion on the CNS positive list; reimbursement classes are generally 40%, 80% or 100%. Device: CNS files/nomenclatures set covered device tariffs and reimbursement conditions; extra-hospital equipment use can be paid by an official per-use forfait. No single economy-wide device factory-price rule was found.", "source_ids": [ "LU-12", "LU-13", "LU-14", "LU-16", "LU-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "CNS publishes searchable nomenclature codes and normal tariffs; non-covered convenance personnelle (CP) supplements must be distinguished from reimbursable fees. Hospital charges generally flow directly between hospitals and CNS, while physician bills may remain distinct. The official tariff tool is strong transparency evidence, but it does not identify provider ownership.", "source_ids": [ "LU-15", "LU-18" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "verified", "summary": "The Carte sanitaire is designed to provide the data needed for health-resource/service planning; the hospital law sets national bed/service ceilings and ministers authorize establishments, services and specified equipment. Government competency rules include hospital authorizations, equipment/real-estate files and hospital-investment subsidies. CNS hospital agreements also contain project/equipment budget elements. This is a documented authorization-financing-control chain; title to individual buildings/equipment remains project specific.", "source_ids": [ "LU-01", "LU-02", "LU-19", "LU-13" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "country": "Mexico", "ownership_summary": "INEGI reports 35,899 private census beds for 2023. A separate official debate record repeats 89,562 public hospital beds without identifying the figure's reference year or bed definition. No valid unified public ownership share can be calculated.", "payment_summary": "The 2025–30 IMSS-Bienestar programme says household OOP is about 50% of total health spending but does not state the underlying data year.", "control_summary": "IMSS-Bienestar central units authorize beds within that programme; current nationwide provider/drug/device price formation was not verified.", "integration_summary": "Separate payroll-financed IMSS/ISSSTE and tax-funded IMSS-Bienestar chains combine financing with facilities, staff, equipment, and supply; fragmentation precludes treating them as one chain.", "ownership_state": "conflicted", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "partial", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 6 ledger sources", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Programme-specific public delivery evidence is substantial, but no national bed-ownership share is calculable from the incompatible public and private definitions; financing evidence is approximate.", "uncertainties": [ "Unified like-for-like hospital and bed ownership denominator", "National primary-care ownership and employment", "Underlying year for the approximate OOP share", "Nationwide price-setting and patient billing rules" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown current public/private graduate share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public social-security and health-service institutions train residents, but national seat/output control denominator Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "In 23 federal entities, IMSS-Bienestar reported 340,105 professionals: 212,000 nurses, 83,525 specialists and 44,365 general physicians, alongside MXN14.342bn in equipment. This is a programme/state subset, not national public employment.", "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "conflicted", "summary": "Official sources separately report 1,395 public hospitals and 89,562 public hospital beds, while INEGI ESEP 2023 reports 2,827 private establishments and 35,899 private camas censables. Because camas hospitalarias and survey camas censables use incompatible definitions and frames, no valid unified ownership share can be calculated. 2024 private survey: 2,747 establishments and 35,400 census beds.", "source_ids": [ "MX-01", "MX-02", "MX-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "unknown", "summary": "IMSS, ISSSTE, state services and IMSS-Bienestar provide public primary care; private practices coexist. Exact facility ownership and clinician-employment shares Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public institutions procure/dispense medicines; retail ownership share and public dispensing fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown current public R&D share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing/output share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "IMSS-Bienestar reported MXN14.342bn investment in equipment in the participating 23 states; public procurement is verified, public manufacture is not.", "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public research share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2025–30 IMSS-Bienestar programme states household OOP represents “cerca del 50% del gasto total en salud”—about 50% of total health spending—but the cited passage does not identify the underlying data year. It targets 53.5m people without social security and reports 2023 per-capita public spending MXN6,351 uninsured vs MXN8,886 insured, a 28.53% gap.", "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public payer reimbursement/procurement is fragmented by institution. A current nationwide hospital/physician/drug/device price-formation source was not verified. Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown national patient-price/billing disclosure rule in verified sources.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "IMSS-Bienestar 2024 operating rules require central-unit authorization for beds within that programme. IMSS-Bienestar reported a 15% increase in census beds in the participating states. This is not whole-system certificate-of-need control.", "source_ids": [ "MX-04", "MX-06" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "country": "Netherlands", "ownership_summary": "Public-owner numerators for 80 non-mental-health hospital enterprises in 2024 provisional data and 25,880 clinical specialist-care beds in 2023 are Unknown. UMC Utrecht is a verified institution-specific public-law exception.", "payment_summary": "Mandatory Zvw insurers collect nominal premiums and purchase care; the public fund and Zorginstituut manage income-related pooling/risk equalization. In 2023 government/compulsory schemes paid 82.54% of current health expenditure and OOP 12.20%.", "control_summary": "NZa combines regulated and negotiated tariff segments, Wgp/GVS/sluis govern medicine price/coverage, and Wbmv targets special capacity; general capital remains largely provider/insurer financed.", "integration_summary": "UMC Utrecht forms a bounded public-law care–education–research–trial-production chain and documented a 25% 2021 Apotheek A15 stake. This is not a national public pharmaceutical industry or proof of A15's current whole-company classification.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence with explicit unresolved ownership and integration denominators.", "source_count": 27, "dossier_summary": "Official evidence supports mandatory financing, regulated/negotiated purchasing, and a bounded public-law UMC chain, while national hospital, pharmacy, practice, R&D, and manufacturing ownership shares remain Unknown.", "uncertainties": [ "Current national ultimate-owner numerator for the 80 non-GGZ hospital enterprises in 2024 and 25,880 clinical specialist-care beds in 2023.", "Institution-by-institution legal form and asset ownership of all seven UMCs; only UMC Utrecht was directly classified here.", "National GP-practice asset ownership split despite available employment-status data.", "Current nationally complete ultimate-owner split for community and hospital pharmacies.", "Public/private ownership shares of pharma/device R&D, manufacturing output, IP and productive assets.", "A universal device factory-price mechanism; product categories and insurer/provider contracts differ.", "The precise public-law/equity classification of Apotheek A15 as a whole; one shareholder’s public-law status and the 25% holding are documented, but peer shareholders were not assumed public.", "Hospital counts are scoped differently. Belgium’s 103 is general hospitals; Luxembourg’s 10 includes four centres plus six specialized hospitals; the Netherlands’ 80 is a provisional CBS enterprise count excluding mental-health hospitals. They are not directly comparable organization counts.", "Bed counts are scoped differently. Belgium uses accredited beds on 1 January 2025; Luxembourg uses installed beds during 2025; the Netherlands uses staffed beds directly available for clinical specialist care on one reference date in 2023 and rounds to tens. Comparing levels or shares without harmonization would be misleading.", "Dutch hospital totals differ by statistical unit. CBS reports 80 non-GGZ enterprises provisionally in 2024, while other publications may count locations, organizations, provider groups, or only general/UMC hospitals. This report labels the enterprise denominator and does not call it a site count.", "UMC is not a single ownership class. UMC Utrecht’s public-law status is direct evidence for that organization. The categorical CBS label “UMC” does not confer the same legal form on every member.", "“Public pharmacy” is a false friend. Belgian pharmacie publique and Dutch openbare apotheek mean community/public-facing pharmacy, not public ownership.", "Employment is not ownership. Luxembourg’s exact liberal/salaried/mixed counts, Dutch GP employment counts and Belgian absence of employment data cannot answer practice or hospital ownership.", "Registries and active-workforce counts differ. Belgian visa/professional-registry totals, Dutch BIG/specialty counts and labour-market activity counts have different populations. No attempt is made to force them into one workforce denominator.", "Financing shares are SHA payment shares. They describe which financing scheme paid current health expenditure. They do not describe tax financing alone, compulsory contribution incidence, provider legal form, capital ownership or production control.", "Current versus data year. Several pages were updated/published in 2025–2026 but report 2023–2025 data. Both dates are retained in the ledger.", "Industrial output is not owner structure. Belgian value added and Dutch domestic-origin exports demonstrate manufacturing activity, not the public/private ownership of factories.", "Public research is not public manufacturing. Sciensano, LIH, ZonMw and public universities establish public research sponsorship/operation. They do not, without project-specific evidence, establish public downstream manufacturing, distribution or pharmacy ownership.", "Authorization is not title. Belgium’s imaging accreditation, Luxembourg’s hospital/equipment authorizations and the Netherlands’ Wbmv licensing are capacity controls only.", "No negative existential is claimed. “No supported public manufacturer identified” means this search found none in qualifying current sources; it is not proof that none exists." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "partial", "summary": "Medicine is a university bachelor/master pathway with nationally accredited degrees and institution-run curricula. Government rules allow a numerus fixus and require medicine applicants to choose only one institution in a study year; oversubscription can be resolved through selection and/or lottery. Public funding/accreditation does not settle each university or UMC’s legal ownership. A Leiden curriculum source confirms the bachelor-to-clinical-master structure, but institution-level curriculum evidence is not generalized as an ownership census.", "source_ids": [ "NL-05", "NL-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "Professional specialty recognition is administered through KNMG’s Registration Committee for Medical Specialists (RGS) and accredited training institutions. For designated training routes, NZa availability contributions fund positions; maximum intake allocations draw on Capaciteitsorgaan planning. This creates a public-regulatory/funding training chain while leaving training-site ownership separate. Capaciteitsorgaan forecasts workforce demand; it does not employ all trainees or own training facilities.", "source_ids": [ "NL-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "verified", "summary": "CBS counted 79,795 medically trained/working physicians in 2024 under its activity definition; a separate BIG/specialty table records 24,745 medical specialists and 23,980 basic doctors, illustrating that registration and labour-market populations differ. For GPs, CBS reports 14.0 thousand in 2024, with 1.4 thousand employee-only. Other GPs include self-employed, director-major-shareholder and mixed statuses. These workforce classifications do not identify who owns practice assets.", "source_ids": [ "NL-08", "NL-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "CBS records 80 non-mental-health hospital enterprises provisionally in 2024 and 25,880 available clinical specialist-care beds in 2023. UMC Utrecht states it is a public-law legal person and public-law organization and wholly owns UMC Utrecht Holding BV. That institution-specific legal chain cannot be assigned to six other UMCs or 73 other hospital enterprises without owner-level evidence. National public hospital and bed shares therefore remain Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NL-02", "NL-03", "NL-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "GP care operates through practice holders, employed GPs and locum/mixed forms. The 2024 CBS employment result (14.0 thousand total; 1.4 thousand employee-only) documents a mixed labour model. CBS’s practice statistics define provider enterprises from the business register, again not the ownership of every building or practice company. The national public/private ownership split of GP practices is Unknown; no evidence found supports treating insurer contracting as insurer ownership.", "source_ids": [ "NL-09", "NL-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "SFK counted 1,953 community pharmacies at end-2023: 585 (30%) chain-owned, 1,045 (53 percentage points) franchise/formula affiliated, and 323 (17%) independent. Affiliation is not ownership. “Openbare apotheek” means community/public-facing pharmacy, not publicly owned pharmacy; hospital-pharmacy ownership remains separate.", "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "Publicly funded biomedical research is substantial through ZonMw, universities and UMCs. ZonMw’s 2024 Open Competition award funded 29 fundamental-research teams. UMC Utrecht’s clinical medicines unit supports roughly 300 trials annually and has a GMP manufacturing authorization for trial-related preparation/labelling. This directly supports a bounded public-law UMC research/manufacture link, not public ownership of national commercial R&D.", "source_ids": [ "NL-12", "NL-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "partial", "summary": "CBS trade statistics show domestically produced exports in 2024 of about €5.10 billion of medicines and €5.16 billion of other pharmaceutical products, separated from re-exports. These are origin/value measures, not public/private ownership. A bounded public-production example exists at UMC Utrecht/Apotheek A15 for non-commercially available medicines; no national state-owned manufacturing share was found.", "source_ids": [ "NL-14", "NL-13", "NL-15" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "CBS recorded €2.58 billion of Dutch-made medical-instrument exports in 2024, proving domestic production but not ownership. Medical devices are subject to Dutch implementation of EU MDR/IVDR rules; special equipment/procedures can also require Wbmv licensing. Regulation, CE/MDR compliance and Wbmv licensing are controls, not state title. Public device-manufacturing share and national device-asset ownership: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NL-14", "NL-16", "NL-25" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "ZonMw is a public research funder; universities/UMCs perform biomedical, clinical and health-services research. UMC Utrecht integrates statutory academic-hospital care, education and research functions, and its own pharmacy supports clinical trials. Other hospitals and private firms also research. The public share of research assets, IP or expenditure was not found on a comparable national denominator and remains Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NL-12", "NL-04", "NL-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "Everyone who lives or works in the Netherlands must take basic insurance; government defines the package, insurers have acceptance and care duties, and insurers negotiate with providers. Nominal premiums go to insurers, while income-related resources enter the Zorgverzekeringsfonds, managed/distributed through risk equalization by Zorginstituut Nederland. For 2023, government/compulsory schemes paid 82.54% of current health expenditure, voluntary schemes 5.26%, and household OOP 12.20%; government schemes were 8.08%, social health insurance 23.82%, and compulsory private insurance 50.64%. Collectors/pools/payers: insurers collect nominal premiums and pay contracted claims; the public fund receives income-related contributions/public flows; Zorginstituut manages fund/risk equalization; insurers purchase Zvw care; Wlz regional care offices administer long-term-care purchasing. A purchaser is not an owner unless separate equity/title evidence exists.", "source_ids": [ "NL-01", "NL-17", "NL-18", "X-BENELUX-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospital: NZa sets fixed/maximum tariffs for regulated products; a large non-regulated specialist-care segment is negotiated between provider and insurer. DBC products structure registration and billing. Physician/GP: GP payment has three segments: registration/consultation with maximum tariffs, contracted multidisciplinary care, and result/innovation agreements; employment income inside hospitals can differ from billable tariff. Drug: a manufacturer sets a proposed/list price, Wgp caps the maximum using comparator-country prices, GVS/package decisions set outpatient coverage, and high-cost hospital medicines may enter the sluis for assessment and price negotiation. Device: reimbursement depends on benefit entitlement, insurer contracts and category-specific co-pay/tariff rules; a universal national ex-factory device pricing formula was not found. General device price formation: Unknown beyond category-specific procurement/contracting.", "source_ids": [ "NL-19", "NL-20", "NL-21", "NL-22", "NL-23" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "Hospital specialist care is billed through DBC care products under NZa registration/declaration rules; hospitals generally send bills to insurers, and insured persons can inspect claims in insurer portals. Negotiated prices may vary by insurer/provider. Visibility of the bill and regulated declaration format does not imply uniform prices or common ownership.", "source_ids": [ "NL-20", "NL-24" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "General hospital capital is principally embedded in provider business cases, tariffs and insurer contracts rather than a single state capital-allocation plan. The state retains targeted capacity control: Wbmv lets the minister designate and license special procedures/equipment; current government licensing information lists applicable interventions. National agreements also improve capacity visibility, while specialist-training capacity is planned through Capaciteitsorgaan/RGS/NZa channels. Thus general capital, special-capacity licensing and training intake are distinct control systems.", "source_ids": [ "NL-25", "NL-07", "NL-26" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "NZL", "country": "New Zealand", "ownership_summary": "Current national public-owned hospital/bed numerator and all-sector denominator Unknown. Certification lists distinguish public and private hospitals but do not supply a comparable national bed ownership fraction.", "payment_summary": "Current total-system government/compulsory/OOP split Unknown in the cited domestic release; Vote Health 2024/25 was NZ$30.6b but is not total health spending and excludes/omits other channels. General taxation → Vote Health → Health NZ and other Crown entities; PHO capitation; ACC pays accident care; PHARMAC controls a fixed pharmaceutical budget but does not itself buy/distribute products.", "control_summary": "Health NZ/ministers approve public capital; PHARMAC decides national medicines funding and negotiates/tenders; PHARMAC and Health NZ split national device procurement categories.", "integration_summary": "HRC/universities/public hospitals research → PHARMAC/Health NZ procurement → Health NZ hospitals/PHOs. Public general drug manufacturing Unknown; public blood-service production not counted without a current verified source.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "unknown", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong evidence for provider and procurement structure, with a documented financing-data gap.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "Certification and Vote Health do not yield a national ownership fraction or a comparable total-system financing split.", "uncertainties": [ "University of Auckland and University of Otago (public universities) deliver domestic medical degrees; government/university funding controls intake. Current slot number Unknown.", "Health New Zealand employs hospital trainees; colleges accredit specialties; government workforce programs influence places. Exact slot total Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are private contractors under national service/funding arrangements; hospital pharmacies sit within Health NZ. Ownership fraction Unknown.", "Health Research Council and public universities/hospitals fund/conduct research; product ownership/manufacturing transition Unknown.", "Current public general drug manufacturing Unknown. Do not infer it from PHARMAC funding or Crown research.", "The Ministry's June 2026 page says work is underway to improve broader OECD health-expenditure information, which includes ACC and private expenditure. Vote Health 2024/25 NZ$30.6b is not total-system spending. Comparable current government/compulsory/OOP split Unknown from the domestic material captured.", "Health NZ and ministers/Treasury control Crown hospital capital and national planning; providers cannot independently expand major public assets outside approvals. Exact national bed/equipment/training slot controls Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "University of Auckland and University of Otago (public universities) deliver domestic medical degrees; government/university funding controls intake. Current slot number Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Health New Zealand employs hospital trainees; colleges accredit specialties; government workforce programs influence places. Exact slot total Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "Public-hospital staff are Health NZ employees; general-practice clinicians work mainly in independent businesses, with some NGO/iwi/community/public services.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry certification pages list public and private hospitals. March 2024 certification evaluation counted 19 public-hospital providers and 77 NGO/private-hospital providers, but these are providers, not facilities or beds. Public hospital/bed ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "Health NZ states most general practices are independent businesses; PHO agreements pay capitation and practices set co-payments. Ownership is private/mixed even though funding is public.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are private contractors under national service/funding arrangements; hospital pharmacies sit within Health NZ. Ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Health Research Council and public universities/hospitals fund/conduct research; product ownership/manufacturing transition Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Current public general drug manufacturing Unknown. Do not infer it from PHARMAC funding or Crown research.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "verified", "summary": "PHARMAC leads national contracting for 27 device categories and Health NZ 28 (2026 allocation). They procure/fund access; they are not necessarily manufacturers or physical purchasers in every transaction.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "HRC, public universities, Ministry and Health NZ data/research functions form the public layer.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "unknown", "summary": "The Ministry's June 2026 page says work is underway to improve broader OECD health-expenditure information, which includes ACC and private expenditure. Vote Health 2024/25 NZ$30.6b is not total-system spending. Comparable current government/compulsory/OOP split Unknown from the domestic material captured.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "PHARMAC operates within a fixed budget, decides which medicines/devices receive public funding, negotiates patented medicines and tenders generics; it explicitly does not itself buy/distribute products. Providers/pharmacies purchase under contracts. Primary co-pays are practice-set within contract/regulatory constraints.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2", "NZ-4", "NZ-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "PHARMAC schedules/decisions and Ministry/Health NZ contracts are published; independent GP fees create variable patient bills. National total-system financing transparency currently has a documented data gap.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-3", "NZ-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Health NZ and ministers/Treasury control Crown hospital capital and national planning; providers cannot independently expand major public assets outside approvals. Exact national bed/equipment/training slot controls Unknown.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "country": "Norway", "ownership_summary": "State owns public hospitals through four regional health authorities; 2025 all-sector specialist beds/night places 17,581, but public-owned numerator Unknown.", "payment_summary": "2023: public administration nearly 86%; households about 14%; total current health and related care NOK474b. Parliament/state budget → four RHFs; municipalities pool local/general grants for primary care; National Insurance/HELFO pays fee reimbursements; households pay regulated co-pays.", "control_summary": "Ministry/Directorate set financing rules and ISF/DRG parameters; GP tariff negotiated nationally; DMP sets maximum pharmacy prices; Sykehusinnkjøp negotiates hospital drugs/devices; state owner/RHFs control capital.", "integration_summary": "Public universities/health trusts/Research Council → state-owned procurement company → state-owned hospitals. Hospital-pharmacy compounding exists, but general public pharmaceutical manufacturing Unknown.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "verified", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence for state hospital ownership and the public procurement chain.", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "The state owns public hospitals, but the captured total-bed table does not isolate a public-owned numerator.", "uncertainties": [ "State/public universities deliver medicine; national higher-education funding controls intake. Current place total Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are private chains/businesses under national regulation; hospital pharmacies are owned within regional systems. Current ownership fraction Unknown.", "State-owned Sykehusinnkjøp procures devices/supplies for health trusts; public domestic manufacture Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State/public universities deliver medicine; national higher-education funding controls intake. Current place total Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospitals/municipalities employ doctors in specialization; Directorate rules and the state/RHF system shape LIS1 posts. Spring 2024 official table reported 582 advertised and 592 hired LIS1 positions (round timing/overbooking explains the difference; not total specialty slots).", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "Hospital clinicians are principally health-trust employees. The 2025 annual report, updated through May 2026, says 78% of list GPs are self-employed; employed GP share is growing. Municipality remains responsible for service availability.", "source_ids": [ "NO-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "Government: the state owns public hospitals through four RHFs. SSB 2025 reports 17,581 beds/night places across specialist services, but public-owned numerator is not separated in the captured table. Ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NO-2", "NO-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "Municipal responsibility plus contracted self-employed `fastleger`; payment combines municipal capitation, HELFO fee reimbursement and patient co-payment. Municipal-employed practices are a minority channel.", "source_ids": [ "NO-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are private chains/businesses under national regulation; hospital pharmacies are owned within regional systems. Current ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "Research Council, state universities and health trusts publicly fund/conduct R&D.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "Hospital-pharmacy compounding may be public; general industrial public manufacturer Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State-owned Sykehusinnkjøp procures devices/supplies for health trusts; public domestic manufacture Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NO-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "Universities, health trusts, Directorate, public registries and Research Council provide public research/data chain.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "SSB 2023: NOK474b current health/related care; public administration almost 86%; households 14%. The source counts all providers regardless of ownership.", "source_ids": [ "NO-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Directorate/state set hospital activity-based financing and DRG rules alongside RHF block funding. GP tariff is nationally negotiated. DMP maximum pharmacy purchase/sale price uses reference pricing; Sykehusinnkjøp negotiates hospital medicines/devices.", "source_ids": [ "NO-5", "NO-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "National tariff, reimbursement, maximum-price, tender and patient co-pay documents are public; hospital budgets are not equivalent to posted retail prices.", "source_ids": [ "NO-5", "NO-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry as owner sets RHF frameworks; RHFs/trusts plan beds/buildings/equipment and borrow/invest within state controls. Sykehusbygg supplies public project expertise. Municipalities control primary-care capacity.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "POL", "country": "Poland", "ownership_summary": "888 general hospitals and 159,878 beds in 2024; exact public legal-owner numerator unknown. Two non-exhaustive public creating-entity categories form a lower-bound subset only.", "payment_summary": "2023 current spending: government 11.0%, compulsory NFZ scheme 66.6%, voluntary schemes 6.6%, households 15.8%; one national NFZ pool.", "control_summary": "MZ, AOTMiT, NFZ, needs maps, IOWISZ, networks, and creating entities divide pricing, purchasing, planning, and capital control.", "integration_summary": "Public financing links to NFZ and mixed providers; public research and training channels coexist with entity-level state pharma production at BIOMED and TZF Polfa.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong current official evidence with an explicitly non-exhaustive public creating-entity subset.", "dossier_summary": "Single-payer purchasing and meaningful public planning do not establish common ownership of providers or assets.", "evidence_state": "partial", "source_count": 22, "uncertainties": [ "Public hospital and bed legal-owner numerator is unknown; two GUS public creating-entity rows are exact but non-exhaustive and conceptually different from current legal ownership.", "Hospital bed denominators of 159,878, 229,441, and 160,758 cover different scopes or measures and are not interchangeable.", "Ambulatory ownership and employment are unknown; the 3,040-practice table is restricted to publicly financed activity and 24,225 departments are sites, not owners.", "Pharmacy ownership is unknown; community access and licensure do not establish legal title.", "Public device-manufacturing share is unknown; named state-linked companies do not support a national share.", "No universal current national standalone laboratory tariff was located.", "BIOMED and TZF Polfa establish entity-level state pharma ownership, but their national output share and every announced production line’s operational status are not established." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "Universities deliver education, while the Health Minister annually sets institution-level medicine and dentistry admission limits.", "source_ids": [ "PL-02", "PL-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "verified", "summary": "MZ allocates residency places; accredited training entities employ or contract trainees; CMKP and SMK organize recruitment and CEM conducts state exams.", "source_ids": [ "PL-03", "PL-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "GUS 2024 provider and professional tables cover public and non-public entities; facility type and public financing must not be read as employer ownership.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "888 general hospitals and 159,878 beds in 2024. GUS identifies two publicly creating categories but not an exhaustive owner census.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-20" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "partial", "summary": "24,225 outpatient departments and 3,040 medical and dental practices reporting only publicly financed work in 2024; these figures do not classify legal owner or clinician employment.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "11,229 community pharmacies and 1,067 pharmacy points in 2024; GUS and GIF counts do not supply a public-owner split.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "verified", "summary": "Public ABM financed non-commercial clinical research; business R&D and commercial trials coexist.", "source_ids": [ "PL-10", "PL-21" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "State production is directly supported: WSS BIOMED is wholly state-owned and TZF Polfa majority state-owned; the rest of the licensed sector is not thereby public.", "source_ids": [ "PL-08", "PL-11", "PL-12" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "partial", "summary": "GUS documents domestic medical-device production growth and URPL registers actors; state-linked orthopedic production exists entity-by-entity, not as a national share.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-09", "PL-13", "PL-22" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "ABM, public universities, medical institutes, and clinical hospitals form a public research channel.", "source_ids": [ "PL-10", "PL-21" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "ZUS and KRUS transmit contributions to the single NFZ pool; NFZ contracts and pays. 2023: government 11.0%, compulsory 66.6%, voluntary schemes 6.6%, OOP 15.8%.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-05", "PL-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "AOTMiT tariffs and NFZ orders, contracts, and JGP govern service payment; MZ negotiates and publishes reimbursed drug and device prices and limits.", "source_ids": [ "PL-07", "PL-14", "PL-15", "PL-16", "PL-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "NFZ publishes each contract’s benefit type, quantity, price, and maximum obligation; patient-level claims remain protected.", "source_ids": [ "PL-07", "PL-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "verified", "summary": "Needs maps, transformation plans, IOWISZ, national networks, KPO competitions, and creating entities jointly govern investment; no single capital owner.", "source_ids": [ "PL-18", "PL-19" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "PRT", "country": "Portugal", "ownership_summary": "INE reported 242 hospitals in 2023: 111 public, 130 private and 1 PPP. Of 35.7 thousand beds, 24.0 thousand were public, 11.5 thousand private and 277 PPP; rounded figures and the PPP category must remain explicit.", "payment_summary": "Portugal’s final 2023 current health expenditure was €26.8663bn. Domestic financing-agent shares included SNS/regions 54.5%, public voluntary subsystems 2.4%, other public administration 3.6%, insurers 4.9%, households 29.3%, and other 5.3%; strict SHA HF1 is Unknown.", "control_summary": "Public authorities and ULS control much capacity, training and capital; INFARMED controls medicine reimbursement/pricing and SPMS centralizes designated procurement.", "integration_summary": "Since 2024, public ULS EPE integrate existing hospitals/centres with primary-care ACES. The Army Laboratory adds bounded public medicine/device R&D and production.", "ownership_state": "verified", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official hospital-category and ULS evidence, with rounded beds, a separate PPP category, and unresolved strict SHA financing share.", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Portugal provides a clean hospital institutional split and unusually strong public whole-service integration through ULS, while its financing-agent categories require care.", "uncertainties": [ "National ambulatory ownership and employment shares inside and outside ULS are Unknown.", "The strict SHA HF1 government/compulsory financing share is Unknown from the retrieved financing-agent presentation.", "A current community-pharmacy owner split is Unknown.", "Current comprehensive capital-source and public healthcare-R&D shares are Unknown.", "Rounded bed components do not exactly reproduce the rounded total, and the PPP category is not merged into public or private." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "partial", "summary": "Retrieved DGES tables report 1,594 public medicine places in 2025/26 and 1,656 in 2026/27; these do not measure all provider capacity.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "ACSS national competition, the PNA and certified capacity govern internato médico, but a definitive current all-specialty placement total was not located.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "An official 2024 release reported 85,499 active nurses and 39,945 specialists; neither is a complete workforce or public-employment measure.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "verified", "summary": "INE reported 111 public, 130 private and 1 PPP hospital among 242 in 2023; beds were 24.0k public, 11.5k private and 277 PPP among 35.7k, with rounding.", "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "From 2024, existing hospitals and hospital centres were integrated with primary-care ACES into public ULS EPE. This does not prove every ambulatory asset/provider is public.", "source_ids": [ "PT-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Law permits individual, commercial-company and social-sector pharmacy ownership under regulated technical direction; a current owner split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "PT-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Firms, universities, INSA/AICIB and ULS conduct pharmaceutical R&D, but an owner-resolved national split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "verified", "summary": "Licensed firms predominate; the public Army Laboratory has bounded statutory authority for medicine and device R&D and production.", "source_ids": [ "PT-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "INFARMED oversight and SPMS procurement shape devices, but the public share of device manufacturing is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "PT-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public institutes, universities and ULS conduct research alongside private actors; a comprehensive current public expenditure/output share is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2023 financing-agent presentation reports detailed payer shares, but the broader 63.9% public grouping includes voluntary public subsystems and is not strict SHA HF1.", "source_ids": [ "PT-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "ULS budgets and public pay rules combine with INFARMED medicine evaluation/reference pricing and SPMS centralized tendering.", "source_ids": [ "PT-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Since Decree-Law 37/2022, moderating fees mainly remain for un-referred emergency attendance not resulting in admission; other core SNS fees were removed.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "State, health administration and ULS plan public capital, while SPMS procures designated goods; a comprehensive capital-source split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "PT-6" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "country": "Slovak Republic", "ownership_summary": "126 hospital facilities and 28,451 beds in 2024; exact public legal-owner numerator unknown.", "payment_summary": "2023 current spending: government 4.0%, compulsory contributory schemes 75.0%, voluntary schemes 0.9%, households 20.2%; three insurer pools, one state-owned.", "control_summary": "MZ controls hospital-network categorization, facility standards, drug/device categorization, and capital priorities; insurers contract and pay.", "integration_summary": "Public research and network planning coexist with separately governed providers and three insurer pools; BMC’s public manufacturing-register role is contract testing, not industrial medicine output.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong current official evidence with domestic-source financing reproducibility and legal-owner gaps disclosed.", "dossier_summary": "The state has strong network and price control, but provider ownership, payer ownership, and public-scheme status remain distinct facts.", "evidence_state": "partial", "source_count": 24, "uncertainties": [ "Public hospital and bed legal-owner numerator is unknown; the exact 2024 denominator does not attach legal owner to beds.", "The broader 41,025-bed and 214-facility denominator includes spas and other non-hospital types and cannot replace the 28,451-bed and 126-hospital denominator.", "Ambulatory legal owner and clinician employment are unknown; provider, site, and workplace statistics do not resolve them.", "Verejná lekáreň is a community-access category, not public ownership.", "The 49.9% other-founders workforce residual is mainly non-state but is not an exact private-employment share.", "The economic chapter had a 76.71% return rate and is not an ownership census.", "Exact financing values come from Eurostat’s official mirror after the domestic dynamic table failed; confidence is medium-high.", "BMC’s manufacturer-register entry is contract testing, so industrial public medicine output remains unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "verified", "summary": "Universities deliver six-year medicine and dentistry; NCZI records 4,347 Slovak-citizen general-medicine students and 666 dentistry students in 2024, plus foreign students.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "verified", "summary": "MZ methodically directs accredited specialty and certification education; statutory sources include employers, regions, insurers, trainees, and earmarked MZ residency funds.", "source_ids": [ "SK-02", "SK-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "123,470 persons in 2024; 44,004 in the MZ sphere and 61,603 in “other founders.” The latter is not a private-owner census.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01", "SK-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "77 general plus 49 specialized hospitals with 28,451 beds in 2024; a public-owner numerator was not published in the NCZI network table.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "unknown", "summary": "9,094 providers operated 11,034 ambulatory facilities in 2024, including 2,515 general and 6,689 specialist clinics; owner and employer distribution is unknown.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01", "SK-13" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "1,704 verejné lekárne, 81 branches, and 39 hospital pharmacies in 2024. Verejná means community, not publicly owned.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "verified", "summary": "Public APVV and SAV institutions fund and perform biomedical research; BMC SAV is also a licensed contract-control laboratory.", "source_ids": [ "SK-06", "SK-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "SÚKL lists licensed manufacturers; BMC SAV supports testing and controlled-laboratory activity, not national-scale medicine production.", "source_ids": [ "SK-05", "SK-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "NCZI inventories installed equipment and MZ specifies facility standards; public manufacturing share is unknown.", "source_ids": [ "SK-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "SAV/BMC, public universities, APVV, and MZ-supported infrastructure perform and fund research.", "source_ids": [ "SK-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "Three joint-stock insurers collect, redistribute, contract, and pay; one, VšZP, is state-owned. 2023: government 4.0%, compulsory 75.0%, voluntary schemes 0.9%, OOP 20.2%.", "source_ids": [ "SK-09", "SK-10", "SK-11", "SK-12", "SK-15", "SK-16" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "SK-DRG plus insurer contracts for hospitals; provider-insurer contracting for ambulatory and labs; MZ categorizes official drug and device prices and reimbursements.", "source_ids": [ "SK-17", "SK-18", "SK-19" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Insurers hold enrollee accounts and claims and report to NCZI and ÚDZS; disclosures are aggregate and contractual, not a public line-level claims database.", "source_ids": [ "SK-10", "SK-20", "SK-21" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "verified", "summary": "MZ categorizes hospital networks, sets minimum ambulatory availability, and prioritizes MZ capital plans; owners and operators still procure and execute projects.", "source_ids": [ "SK-22", "SK-23", "SK-24" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "country": "Slovenia", "ownership_summary": "2024 public-organizational measure: 26/29 hospitals (89.66%) and 8,412/8,490 beds (99.08%) are in public health institutes after subtracting three named private hospitals. Founder/form does not establish title to each asset; exact asset ownership remains Unknown.", "payment_summary": "2024 current health expenditure was €6,263.434m: 85.5% public and 14.5% private; social-security funds were 76.9%. Derived shares are about 8.6% government excluding social funds, 12.89% OOP, 0.74% voluntary insurance and 0.87% companies/nonprofits. ZZZS administers OZZ and pays providers.", "control_summary": "The government sets annual OZZ programmes, capacity, funds and price inputs; ZZZS contracts and settles providers; JAZMP and ZZZS control medicine/device price ceilings and reimbursement; the Ministry investment office plans public-institute capital.", "integration_summary": "Public universities and hospital institutes link education, research and care. The state-founded ZTM supports a bounded public blood/plasma chain; it does not establish public ownership of wider pharmaceutical manufacturing.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official organizational, capacity, financing and control evidence, with rounding caveats and unresolved asset title and manufacturing ownership.", "source_count": 18, "dossier_summary": "Slovenia's public-institute provider network and statutory financing are highly visible, while asset title, all-workforce employment and broad manufacturing ownership remain unresolved.", "uncertainties": [ "Hospital title: 26/29 and 8,412/8,490 are public-health-institute/founder-form ratios. The sources do not provide a parcel/asset-title denominator, so “legally state-owned beds” remains unknown.", "Bed definition: NIJZ's hospital bed inventory is not proven definition-identical to Greece's deployed beds or Hungary's operating beds.", "Primary employment: ZZZS “calculated doctor” capacities are not headcounts; they are the best ownership-relevant production measure located.", "Provider counts versus output: 1,345 private concessionaires versus 201 public institutes does not imply private dominance; public bodies receive most cited funds and contain many sites/workers.", "Financing shares: SURS rounds the 85.5/14.5 and private subshares; derived government, voluntary and other-private shares carry rounding uncertainty.", "Manufacturing: JAZMP registration establishes regulated operators, not domestic output or public ownership.", "Research: state/ARIS amounts cover all R&D/science, not biomedical R&D alone.", "Vertical integration: ZTM supports a bounded public blood/plasma chain only; it cannot be generalized to pharmaceuticals as a whole." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "partial", "summary": "The public Universities of Ljubljana and Maribor operate six-year, 360-ECTS medicine programmes. Public-university operation, state regulation and clinical placement support a public education layer; the sources do not establish title to every teaching hospital or laboratory asset.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "The 2024 specialization rules make the Medical Chamber administer calls, allocations and examinations within minister-approved rules; calls can be national or provider-specific and are normally held twice yearly. The autumn 2025 call offered 235 places and received 185 applications. The Ministry authorizes training providers. Regulator, administrator, trainer and employer are therefore separable; no complete resident-employer ownership split was found.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-08", "SVN-09" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "unknown", "summary": "NIJZ maintains the national healthcare-provider/professional database; the Medical Chamber reports physician-register trends and growth outside public institutes. Register membership is not equivalent to active FTE. The most ownership-relevant measure located is ZZZS-financed doctor capacity by public institute versus concessionaire in selected services, reported under layer 5; a complete 2024 all-profession employer split remains unknown.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-03", "SVN-10" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "NIJZ's 2024 bed report lists 29 hospitals and 8,490 beds. The first 26 are public health institutes; the three named private hospitals—DC Bled (32), Kirurški sanatorij Rožna dolina (24) and MC Medicor (22)—sum to 78 beds. Calculated public-organizational ratios are therefore 26/29 hospitals (89.66%) and 8,412/8,490 beds (99.08%). The state is founder of secondary/tertiary public institutes, whereas municipalities found primary institutes. “Public health institute” establishes founder/form/operator, not necessarily title to each asset. ZZZS purchases; government sets annual capacity; the state/municipality bears founder governance and service obligations.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-01", "SVN-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "The public network combines municipal *zdravstveni domovi* and private concessionaires. ZZZS's 2025 financing account shows general-practice doctor capacity of 1,006.7 in public institutes and 360.4 in private concessions, calculated shares 73.64% and 26.36%. Dentistry was 727.0/532.7; ambulatory specialists 1,465.9/289.9; gynaecology 122.6/34.5. These are ZZZS-calculated paid doctor capacities, not persons. Across services ZZZS contracted 201 public institutes and 1,345 private concessionaires; provider counts do not measure output, and public institutes received 85.79% of the cited funds. Municipalities hold primary network obligations, operators employ staff, and ZZZS purchases.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "partial", "summary": "At 31 December 2024 NIJZ counted 116 pharmacy organizations: 24 public pharmacy institutes and 92 private organizations. It counted 387 locations: 277 public and 110 private, yielding a 71.58% public-location share. Municipalities ensure the primary pharmacy network and award concessions; the state covers secondary/tertiary levels. Operation/form is known; title to every premises and ultimate owner of every private entity are not.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "ARIS finances public research and reports €241.353m stable research financing in 2025 and €365.25m total science expenditure on its portal (all fields, not biomedical). Public universities/institutes and private pharmaceutical companies conduct R&D. No domestic source located provides a 2024–26 pharmaceutical-only public/private performance split, so that share is unknown.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "JAZMP publishes current registers of medicine manufacturers and active-substance manufacturers, establishing domestic licensed capacity. Official production/ownership shares were not found. A narrow public-production exception is supported in the blood/plasma chain: ZTM, a state-founded public institute, prepares blood/components and supplies plasma-derived medicines as a public service; this is not evidence that the wider finished-dose industry is public.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-10", "SVN-12" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "JAZMP's public device-manufacturer register was current to 22 May 2026; ZZZS sets covered device standards and recognized prices. This proves regulation and reimbursement plus the presence of registered manufacturers, but not the value of domestic production, beneficial ownership, public share or origin of hospital capital goods. Those remain unknown.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-12", "SVN-14" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "ARIS funds the public research system; public universities and hospital institutes combine research, training and care. Slovenia's 2024 state-budget R&D investment was reported at €592m across all fields. Biomedical-only public spending, hospital research cost and public/private performer shares are not separately established by the located evidence.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-11" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "partial", "summary": "SURS reports 2024 current health expenditure of €6,263.434m: 85.5% public and 14.5% private; social-security funds alone were 76.9%. Therefore government schemes excluding social funds are about 8.6%. OOP was €807m and 88.9% of private spending, about 12.89% of total; voluntary insurance was 5.1% of private, about 0.74% of total; companies/nonprofits make up about 0.87%. These last shares are derived from rounded source percentages. Employers/workers and FURS contribute/collect; OZP is compulsory; ZZZS administers the OZZ pool and purchases/pays providers.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-05", "SVN-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "The government's annual OZZ regulation sets service programmes, capacity, funds and price components (wages, collective agreements, materials, amortization). ZZZS contracts and settles primary care with coefficients, outpatient/pharmacy activity with points, and acute inpatient care with SPP weights. Labs generally sit in point/bundled ambulatory schedules. JAZMP sets maximum prices for publicly financed medicines; ZZZS sets reference/maximum recognized values and negotiates/procures lower prices. ZZZS establishes standards and recognized prices for covered medical aids. These public settlement prices do not describe all private cash prices.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-13", "SVN-14", "SVN-18" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Providers submit electronic service accounts to ZZZS. Insured people can inspect recorded services/expenditure, prescriptions and medical aids and can report suspected incorrect claims. NIJZ publishes waiting-time reports. This supplies claims and access transparency, but not a universal provider-level cost ledger or disclosure of every net procurement price.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-13", "SVN-17" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "The Ministry's Office for Health Investments plans, manages and supervises public-institute investment and develops price/device standards. A 2021 statute establishes 2021–31 investments of special importance; 2025–26 calls co-finance municipal primary-care capital, and a 2025 hospital-equipment project totals €33.749m. Annual government OZZ regulation sets funded capacity and ZZZS contracts it. Thus planner/funder/procurer roles are centralized, with municipal participation at primary level; those roles do not establish title to every asset.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-15", "SVN-16" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "ESP", "country": "Spain", "ownership_summary": "At 31 December 2024, 387 of 848 hospitals and 108,799 of 159,679 installed beds were under public functional dependence (45.6% and 68.1%). Functional dependence is explicitly independent of management form and is not ownership; ownership shares remain Unknown.", "payment_summary": "Spain’s 2023 domestic Health Accounts reported €142.773bn total: €105.145bn public (73.6%) and €37.628bn private (26.4%). Pure out-of-pocket spending was not isolated in the retrieved table.", "control_summary": "Autonomous communities operate and authorize much delivery and capital; national/regional institutions allocate training, set reimbursed drug prices/reference prices, and procure devices.", "integration_summary": "Regional public services link much primary and hospital care, while ISCIII supports public research. CEMILFARDEF is a bounded military manufacturer, not the civilian SNS pharmaceutical chain.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong official functional-dependence and financing evidence, but no clean national hospital ownership denominator.", "source_count": 5, "dossier_summary": "Spain has predominantly tax-funded, decentralized public delivery, but its current national hospital table measures functional dependence rather than ownership.", "uncertainties": [ "National hospital and bed ownership shares separate from functional dependence are Unknown.", "A same-universe national public primary-care facility or employment numerator is Unknown.", "Pure household out-of-pocket spending is not isolated from the retrieved 2023 private total.", "Owner-resolved pharmaceutical R&D and device-manufacturing shares are Unknown.", "The alternative 159,891/107,954 bed pair was not reproduced and is not blended with the audited CNH figures." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "partial", "summary": "Universities and education authorities cap degree seats; a 2025/26 subsidy funded 1,783 additional public-university places (€26.745m).", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "conflicted", "summary": "The 2026 medicine headline reports 9,276 places, while the stated components 8,998 public plus 280 private sum to 9,278; the two-place contradiction remains unresolved.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "partial", "summary": "INE counted 322,787 registered doctors and 358,036 nurses in 2025; registrations are not FTEs or public-employment counts.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "CNH 2025 counted 387 of 848 hospitals and 108,799 of 159,679 installed beds under public functional dependence. The definition is independent of management form, so this is not ownership.", "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Regional public services operate much primary care, but a current national same-universe ownership/employment denominator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "verified", "summary": "Law defines community pharmacies as private health establishments of public interest under pharmacist ownership; public-interest status is not public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "ES-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Firms, ISCIII, universities and health services conduct pharmaceutical R&D, but an owner-resolved national split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "verified", "summary": "Licensed private industry predominates; CEMILFARDEF is Spain’s verified bounded publicly owned military pharmaceutical laboratory.", "source_ids": [ "ES-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "partial", "summary": "Procurement is decentralized; INVEAT was a bounded €796m modernization programme for 847 high-technology units, not permanent ownership evidence.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "verified", "summary": "ISCIII’s 2025 Strategic Action in Health awarded €192m across 1,274 grants; public research funding does not establish industrial ownership.", "source_ids": [ "ES-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "The 2023 domestic Health Accounts reported €142.773bn total, €105.145bn public (73.6%) and €37.628bn private (26.4%); pure OOP is not isolated.", "source_ids": [ "ES-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "partial", "summary": "Regional budgets and salary rules govern delivery; CIPM/reference prices govern medicines; devices use tenders and reimbursement rules.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "partial", "summary": "Core SNS hospital/physician care generally has no point-of-service charge; medicine copayments and private/mutual routes remain, with national/regional waiting-list disclosure.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Autonomous communities authorize centres under RD 1277/2003 and plan capital; national programmes such as INVEAT are earmarked overlays.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "country": "Sweden", "ownership_summary": "Regions operate the public system, but a current all-sector legally public-owned hospital/bed numerator/denominator is Unknown.", "payment_summary": "2023: public authorities 86%, household patient/other fees 13%, other funders just over 1%. Regional/local taxes plus state grants; 21 regions pool and pay providers; state finances national functions; households pay regulated fees.", "control_summary": "Regions set hospital budgets/DRG/local payment and capacity; TLV determines reimbursement and pharmacy purchase/sale prices; regions procure devices and hospital drugs.", "integration_summary": "State/public university and ALF research → regional procurement/delivery; 100% state-owned APL manufactures extemporaneous/stock medicines and is expanding into critical antibiotics.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "verified", "evidence_label": "Strong official evidence including direct state pharmaceutical manufacturing.", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Regional delivery and 100% state-owned APL form the clearest verified public manufacturing link, although all-sector hospital ownership is unknown.", "uncertainties": [ "State universities provide most medical education; national government funds university places. Current intake/ownership fraction Unknown.", "Regions employ internship/specialty trainees and control service posts under national professional rules. Exact national available-slot total Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are private/state-company mixed after market reform; hospital pharmacy arrangements vary and are procured. Current public ownership fraction Unknown.", "Regions procure devices; public RISE performs research/testing but current public industrial device-manufacturing share Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "State universities provide most medical education; national government funds university places. Current intake/ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Regions employ internship/specialty trainees and control service posts under national professional rules. Exact national available-slot total Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "Regions employed 37,193 physicians in November 2024 (21,382 specialists; 15,811 nonspecialists), excluding privately employed contractor staff. Public employment and private provider operation coexist.", "source_ids": [ "SE-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "Regions operate most public hospitals and contract some private facilities. A current all-sector hospital/bed ownership numerator and denominator was not verified: Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "SKR reports private operators accounted for 47% of all `vårdcentraler` in 2024; patients choose under region systems and regions finance/contract both public and private centres.", "source_ids": [ "SE-2" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are private/state-company mixed after market reform; hospital pharmacy arrangements vary and are procured. Current public ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "State universities, university hospitals, Swedish Research Council, Vinnova and public RISE support R&D.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "verified", "summary": "APL is 100% state-owned. It manufactures extemporaneous and stock-preparation medicines and has a public-service/contingency mandate. In 2025 it agreed to acquire an antibiotic factory—an unusually strong verified public vertical-integration link.", "source_ids": [ "SE-4", "SE-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Regions procure devices; public RISE performs research/testing but current public industrial device-manufacturing share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "State universities, ALF agreements, regions and national quality/health-data bodies support public clinical and system research.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "SCB 2023: public authorities 86%, household patient and other fees 13%, other funders just over 1%. “Other” combines firms, private insurance and NPISH rather than providing separate precise shares on the cited page.", "source_ids": [ "SE-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "Regions set budgets/DRG/local payment for hospitals and negotiate/procure services. TLV decides subsidy and establishes pharmacy purchase/sale prices for covered medicines; regions procure inpatient drugs/devices. Physician wages are negotiated employment compensation, not MBS-style public fees in most hospitals.", "source_ids": [ "SE-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "TLV decisions and region fee/tender documents are public; national patient-fee protections cap household exposure. Regional variation limits a single hospital-price statement.", "source_ids": [ "SE-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Regions decide hospitals, staffed beds and equipment within budgets. Socialstyrelsen publishes bed benchmarks as decision support, not a central command quota. State/universities govern undergraduate education; regions govern employed postgraduate capacity.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "country": "Switzerland", "ownership_summary": "BFS/PXWeb reports 270 hospitals and 37,792 beds for 2024. Hospital planning and list admission are cantonal; listed hospitals may be public, private or subsidized. The historical/current BFS class öffentlich oder subventioniert is contaminated for ownership because it can include a private hospital with public operating contribution/deficit guarantee. No clean current owner numerator was located, so public hospitals/beds are Unknown.", "payment_summary": "Health-system cost was nearly CHF97bn in 2024. Official financing presentation attributes 40.7% to household insurance premiums (“indirect”), 21.3% to direct household/OOP payments, and 31.3% to government, mainly cantons; remaining sources are not itemized in that release. Authorized OKP insurers collect premiums and pay benefits; the Gemeinsame Einrichtung KVG runs risk equalization; cantons co-finance hospitals and premium reductions and run planning. Premium payers, insurers, the risk-equalization institution, cantons and providers are separate. The quoted 40.7% is premiums, not all compulsory financing; 31.3% is public financing, not public provider ownership. The three displayed shares sum to 93.3%, so the residual must not be guessed.", "control_summary": "Listed inpatient care uses national SwissDRG tariff structures/cost weights with hospital-specific base rates negotiated by insurers/providers and approved or set by cantons. From 2026 ambulatory medical services use TARDOC and ambulatory bundles. BAG sets maximum reimbursed prices for SL medicines using therapeutic and external-price comparison; MiGeL has reimbursement maxima. SwissDRG structure, base-rate negotiation, canton approval and canton ownership are different. Drug market authorization (Swissmedic) is separate from reimbursement/listing (BAG). Device reimbursement maximum is not a factory or procurement price. Cantons determine population needs and hospital lists; listed-hospital inpatient payments are split at least 55% canton and at most 45% insurer. A 2026 federal report examines hospital investment and canton planning, noting substantial high-cost equipment availability. List authority and co-financing do not prove canton ownership. Investment is intended to be reflected in tariffs, while cantons plan capacity; asset ownership remains hospital-specific. No general national quota/licence for every equipment class was established.", "integration_summary": "Bounded federal military/emergency chain: Army Pharmacy procurement/development where assigned → authorized manufacture/import → quality control → warehousing/distribution → army supply, plus medical-device workshops/maintenance. This cannot be generalized to civilian care. Civilian supported link: public/cantonal university medical centres can link education → clinical training → hospital care → research. No evidence supports a national public drug R&D-to-community-pharmacy chain. [S14]", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "partial", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Domestic Tier 1–3 evidence; unresolved denominators remain explicitly Unknown.", "source_count": 27, "dossier_summary": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration remain separate; no missing value is inferred.", "uncertainties": [ "Clean current public hospital/facility and bed numerators; ultimate public ownership of practices/ambulatory centres and clinician employment shares; public pharmacy ownership; public/private pharmaceutical R&D and industrial output; public device-manufacturing share; comprehensive hospital-equipment transaction prices; exact composition of the 6.7% financing residual in the cited 2024 release; harmonized biomedical-only public research denominator.", "Ambulatory ultimate ownership and complete employment denominators are Unknown.", "National medicine/device owner-output shares, biomedical-only public R&D denominators and hospital-equipment transaction prices are Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "verified", "summary": "The Medizinalberufegesetz regulates university education and the federal examination nationally. Swissuniversities reported 2,195 first-year human-medicine places for 2024/25; capacity is constrained by cost and clinical training places. A medical diploma requires six years/at least 5,500 hours. Confederation regulates/recognizes; universities teach; cantonal/university hospitals and other sites provide clinical capacity. Public-law university status, sponsorship and clinical-site ownership remain separate.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2" ] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "Federal accreditation applies to postgraduate programmes in university medical professions; SIWF organizes physician postgraduate curricula/recognition within this framework. BAG/EDI accreditation is public control; SIWF is a professional institution; individual hospitals/practices employ and train. Accreditation does not establish ownership of a training site.", "source_ids": [ "S3" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "Official statistics reported 377,091 health-sector FTE in the latest compiled sector view: hospitals 189,008 (2024), nursing homes 106,104 (2024), physician practices/ambulatory centres 50,978 (2022), Spitex 31,001 (2024). MedReg supplies registered professional data. Mixed reference years prohibit a same-year ownership/employment total. Registry status does not show employer or FTE; the practice figure includes employees in heterogeneous legal forms.", "source_ids": [ "S4", "S5" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "BFS/PXWeb reports 270 hospitals and 37,792 beds for 2024. Hospital planning and list admission are cantonal; listed hospitals may be public, private or subsidized. The historical/current BFS class öffentlich oder subventioniert is contaminated for ownership because it can include a private hospital with public operating contribution/deficit guarantee. No clean current owner numerator was located, so public hospitals/beds are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S6", "S7", "S8", "C1" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "At Dec 2021 BFS counted 13,931 practices/ambulatory centres with own infrastructure. Solo enterprises are owned by self-employed doctors; other common forms include AG/GmbH. Cantons admit providers/facilities to compulsory insurance and can limit numbers by specialty/region. A physician employed by an ambulatory institution is not the KVG provider in that capacity; the admitted institution is. Legal form, insurer admission, employment and ultimate owner are separate. Current national public-owner and employment denominators are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S9", "S10" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "partial", "summary": "PharmaSuisse reported 1,830 pharmacies at 31 Dec 2024; 36% of member pharmacies belonged to chains, while many independent members belonged to group/purchasing arrangements but remained independent. Chain membership, purchasing group and legal ownership are distinct. PharmaSuisse membership is not the universe's owner census; no clean public-owner share was located. Cantonal authorization/professional rules do not confer public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "S11" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "Swissmedic authorized/oversees clinical trials and therapeutic products. The SNSF committed CHF961m regular funds and CHF189m transition funding in 2024; 34% of regular funding went to life sciences. Life sciences is broader than pharmaceutical R&D; SNSF funding is sponsorship, not ownership or industrial manufacture. A current official national public/private pharmaceutical-R&D split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S12", "S13" ] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "partial", "summary": "Swissmedic's SwissGMDP database records licensed actors/sites/activities; its 2024 report counted 1,111 operating authorizations across regulated activities. The Army Pharmacy has manufacture/import/wholesale/export authorizations and production facilities. An authorization count is not a manufacturer, plant, output or ownership denominator. The Army Pharmacy is a public bounded producer for army/emergency tasks. A civilian national public-manufacturing share is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S12", "S14" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "Swiss device law aligns substantially with EU conformity structures; Swissmedic conducts market surveillance. MiGeL sets maximum reimbursement amounts for specified home-use means/devices. Cantonal hospital planning and tariff/capital rules influence hospital equipment investment. Market authorization/surveillance and reimbursement ceilings do not identify manufacturer ownership or procurement price. No current official national public/private device-production split was located.", "source_ids": [ "S15", "S16", "S24" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "SNSF's 2024 regular awards were split 34% life sciences and CHF647m to universities/CHF314m to the ETH domain; BAG also commissions departmental research. Sponsor, performer and owner/IP holder differ. Life sciences is not identical to healthcare/biomedical research. A harmonized current public biomedical-R&D denominator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S13", "S17" ] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "partial", "summary": "Health-system cost was nearly CHF97bn in 2024. Official financing presentation attributes 40.7% to household insurance premiums (“indirect”), 21.3% to direct household/OOP payments, and 31.3% to government, mainly cantons; remaining sources are not itemized in that release. Authorized OKP insurers collect premiums and pay benefits; the Gemeinsame Einrichtung KVG runs risk equalization; cantons co-finance hospitals and premium reductions and run planning. Premium payers, insurers, the risk-equalization institution, cantons and providers are separate. The quoted 40.7% is premiums, not all compulsory financing; 31.3% is public financing, not public provider ownership. The three displayed shares sum to 93.3%, so the residual must not be guessed.", "source_ids": [ "S18", "S19", "S25", "S26" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "Listed inpatient care uses national SwissDRG tariff structures/cost weights with hospital-specific base rates negotiated by insurers/providers and approved or set by cantons. From 2026 ambulatory medical services use TARDOC and ambulatory bundles. BAG sets maximum reimbursed prices for SL medicines using therapeutic and external-price comparison; MiGeL has reimbursement maxima. SwissDRG structure, base-rate negotiation, canton approval and canton ownership are different. Drug market authorization (Swissmedic) is separate from reimbursement/listing (BAG). Device reimbursement maximum is not a factory or procurement price.", "source_ids": [ "S16", "S20", "S21", "S22" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "verified", "summary": "In tiers payant the provider bills the insurer, and the patient normally receives a copy; cost-sharing remains with the patient. BAG publishes hospital case-cost data by site as orientation for tariff formation. Invoice visibility is not full negotiated-price/cost transparency. Published case cost is not necessarily the tariff or payment. The payer route does not identify owner.", "source_ids": [ "S19", "S23" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "Cantons determine population needs and hospital lists; listed-hospital inpatient payments are split at least 55% canton and at most 45% insurer. A 2026 federal report examines hospital investment and canton planning, noting substantial high-cost equipment availability. List authority and co-financing do not prove canton ownership. Investment is intended to be reflected in tariffs, while cantons plan capacity; asset ownership remains hospital-specific. No general national quota/licence for every equipment class was established.", "source_ids": [ "S8", "S24" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "country": "Türkiye", "ownership_summary": "At 31 December 2024 the Ministry had 940 of 1,544 active hospitals and 172,406 of 270,212 beds; the university category is not classified public because it mixes ownership.", "payment_summary": "In 2023 general government financed 77.5% and private sources 22.5%, with SGK 42.1%, central government 34.8%, local government 0.6%, household OOP 17.8%, insurance 2.5%, and other private 2.2%.", "control_summary": "SGK administers SUT reimbursement; the Ministry plans facilities and investments. PPP support-service contracts are procurement, not private clinical ownership.", "integration_summary": "The Ministry owns most narrowly classifiable active hospitals/beds and plans investments, while SGK pools compulsory coverage and administers reimbursement.", "ownership_state": "verified", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "verified", "integration_state": "verified", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 6 ledger sources", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "Ownership and financing measures are strong within precise official categories and dates, with university ownership and PPP service contracts kept separate.", "uncertainties": [ "Public/private ownership within the university category", "Public workforce employment share", "Complete ambulatory ownership denominator", "Public R&D and manufacturing shares" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Universities train physicians; the official 2024 yearbook separates university hospitals but does not split public/private university ownership in the cited table. Medical-school ownership/output share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "The current Ministry publication of Law No. 3359 permits Ministry health facilities and university medical/dental training institutions to share resources for education, research and care. Current residency-seat shares remain Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "TR-06" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry directly employs personnel in its facilities; exact public employment share Unknown. Do not infer employment from Ministry bed share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "verified", "summary": "Official yearbook table “31.12.2024 Tarihinde Faal Olarak Sağlık Hizmeti Veren” reports 1,544 active hospitals and 270,212 beds: Ministry 940 hospitals/172,406 beds; university 69/45,252; private 535/52,554. Narrow Ministry share = 60.88% hospitals, 63.80% beds, calculated. University category is left unclassified because it mixes ownership. A separate annual-series figure reports 1,562 hospitals/268,359 beds (Ministry 941/169,834, university 69/44,131, private 552/54,394); the discrepancy appears definition/reference-point related, so the explicit 31-Dec active table is used for ownership denominator.", "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "partial", "summary": "Ministry family-health/public-health providers coexist with private ambulatory centres; 2024 table lists 303 private polyclinics and 551 private medical centres. It does not give a complete primary-care ownership/employment denominator. Unknown share.", "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "verified", "summary": "SGK’s SUT publications include EK-4A Bedeli Ödenecek İlaçlar Listesi, the reimbursable medicines list. Retail-pharmacy ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "TR-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "TÜSEB is a public health-research body, but public R&D expenditure/output share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing share.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "verified", "summary": "SUT controls reimbursable items; Ministry hospital investments and PPP contracts procure/use equipment and support services. Public manufacturing share Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "TR-03", "TR-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "TÜSEB has a statutory public research role; current system-wide research funding/output share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "TurkStat 2023: general government 77.5%, private 22.5%; SGK 42.1%, central government 34.8%, local government 0.6%, households 17.8%, insurance 2.5%, nonprofits/other enterprises 2.2%. OOP = 17.8%. Total TRY1.244tn; investment TRY109.343bn.", "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "SGK’s Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği (SUT) defines reimbursable services, drugs and associated amounts/lists; 2024 amendments changed lists and prices. This is compulsory-payer reimbursement, not all cash-market prices.", "source_ids": [ "TR-03", "TR-04" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "partial", "summary": "SUT provides public reimbursement rules. Exact patient-estimate/bill disclosure requirements Unknown. PPP unit reports administration verifies services and invoices before payments within seven workdays—contract administration, not patient billing.", "source_ids": [ "TR-05" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "verified", "summary": "Ministry’s Health Investments directorate and facility rules plan hospitals. Active facility/beds are published annually. PPP company at Bursa City Hospital performs 18 contracted clinical-support/support services, monitored and invoiced by the administration; this does not make the clinical hospital privately owned.", "source_ids": [ "TR-01", "TR-05" ] } ] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "country": "United Kingdom", "ownership_summary": "UK-wide current public-owned hospital/bed fraction Unknown; ONS says it does not hold the requested UK hospitals/beds database. In England, most NHS hospitals are NHS trust/foundation-trust bodies, with contracted private/charity providers.", "payment_summary": "Revised UK 2024 amounts: government schemes £259.5b / £320.3b = 81.0%; OOP £45.6b = 14.2%; voluntary insurance £9.2b = 2.9%; NPISH 1.8%; enterprise 0.1%. Separate England/Scotland/Wales/Northern Ireland tax-funded systems; in England DHSC/NHS England/ICBs commission and pay. No UK single operational payer.", "control_summary": "England's NHS Payment Scheme governs secondary-care transactions; GP contract nationally negotiated; NICE appraisal plus NHS commercial agreements shape medicine access/prices; Treasury/DHSC/NHS bodies control capital.", "integration_summary": "NIHR/public universities/NHS research → NHS procurement/provider network; NHSBT integrates blood collection, component production and supply. Broad public drug manufacturing Unknown.", "ownership_state": "unknown", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "partial", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Strong financing and England-specific payment evidence, with a UK-wide ownership data gap.", "source_count": 6, "dossier_summary": "UK financing is quantified, but ownership, payment, and control structures are devolved and cannot be generalized from England.", "uncertainties": [ "Devolved-country governments/public funding bodies and universities control medical-school places. There is no single UK operational allocator; exact public-seat fraction Unknown.", "Community pharmacies are generally private contractors; NHS hospital pharmacies sit within public providers. UK public ownership fraction Unknown.", "NHS Supply Chain and devolved procurement bodies aggregate purchases; NHS/public domestic manufacture share Unknown." ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Devolved-country governments/public funding bodies and universities control medical-school places. There is no single UK operational allocator; exact public-seat fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "status": "partial", "summary": "NHS bodies fund/allocate training posts separately by nation; royal colleges/GMC set professional standards. England's NHS England workforce/training role must not be silently generalized to all UK.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 3, "status": "verified", "summary": "NHS hospital staff are public-sector employees. In England, most GP practices are independent contractors/partnerships or companies holding NHS contracts; direct NHS/community employment also exists.", "source_ids": [ "UK-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 4, "status": "partial", "summary": "ONS stated in June 2025 it did not hold a UK hospital/bed database answering ownership. UK-wide numerator/denominator Unknown. England: most NHS hospitals belong to NHS trusts/foundation trusts, while private/charity providers can hold NHS contracts; devolved structures differ.", "source_ids": [ "UK-2", "UK-3" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "status": "verified", "summary": "England's GMS/PMS/APMS contracts fund GP providers; Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own arrangements. “NHS financed” does not mean the practice premises/business is publicly owned.", "source_ids": [ "UK-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 6, "status": "unknown", "summary": "Community pharmacies are generally private contractors; NHS hospital pharmacies sit within public providers. UK public ownership fraction Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "status": "partial", "summary": "NIHR (England), UKRI/MRC, devolved programs, public universities and NHS organizations publicly fund/conduct R&D.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "status": "partial", "summary": "Broad public drug manufacturing Unknown/not verified. NHS Blood and Transplant performs blood-component production/supply, a biologics chain that should not be generalized to conventional drugs.", "source_ids": [ "UK-6" ] }, { "layer_id": 9, "status": "unknown", "summary": "NHS Supply Chain and devolved procurement bodies aggregate purchases; NHS/public domestic manufacture share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "status": "partial", "summary": "NIHR/NHS/universities and national data bodies supply public research infrastructure; governance is devolved.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "status": "verified", "summary": "ONS revised UK 2024: total £320.3b; government schemes £259.5b (81.0%, calculated); OOP £45.6b (14.2%); voluntary insurance £9.2b (2.9%); NPISH £5.7b (1.8%); enterprise £0.4b (0.1%). Totals/rounding may make displayed component sums differ by £0.1b.", "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "status": "verified", "summary": "England's statutory NHS Payment Scheme sets rules/prices for secondary-care commissioner-provider transactions; local/block arrangements also apply. England GP contract is nationally negotiated. NICE HTA plus NHS commercial agreements and branded-medicine arrangements shape access/net price; other nations make their own commissioning decisions.", "source_ids": [ "UK-4", "UK-5" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "status": "verified", "summary": "ONS SHA and NHS price/payment documents are public; most NHS hospital/GP care is free at use, while prescriptions/dental/optical rules differ by nation. Private-pay prices are separate.", "source_ids": [ "UK-1", "UK-4" ] }, { "layer_id": 14, "status": "partial", "summary": "Treasury/devolved budgets, health departments and NHS provider/system bodies authorize major capital. England trusts/ICBs plan local beds but major schemes require central capital controls. Training-place and device decisions are likewise split by nation/system.", "source_ids": [] } ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "country": "United States", "ownership_summary": "The 2023 NIS sampling frame contains 4,181 hospitals: 805 nonfederal government, 2,758 private nonprofit, and 618 private investor-owned. These are unweighted frame frequencies, not national hospital or bed ownership shares.", "payment_summary": "In 2024 NHE, private insurance was 31%, Medicare 21%, Medicaid 18%, OOP 11%, and other third-party/public-health 11%; payer and sponsor categories are not summed into a unified government share.", "control_summary": "Medicare sets IPPS and PFS administered prices for its coverage; there is no national all-payer price or capacity-planning chain.", "integration_summary": "Medicare/Medicaid finance and price care purchased mainly from independent providers, while VHA is a separate publicly financed, owned, employed, and delivered chain.", "ownership_state": "partial", "payment_state": "verified", "control_state": "partial", "integration_state": "partial", "evidence_state": "partial", "evidence_label": "Partial domestic official evidence; 8 ledger sources", "source_count": 8, "dossier_summary": "Federal sources support ownership composition inside the 2023 NIS sampling frame and federal payment/financing facts, not a national all-hospital or bed-ownership measure.", "uncertainties": [ "National all-hospital and bed ownership shares outside the 2023 NIS sampling frame", "Clinic ownership and physician employment", "Unified government/compulsory financing share" ], "layers": [ { "layer_id": 1, "layer_name": "Medical education", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Public and private universities provide education. Current national public/private graduate-seat share Unknown in verified federal sources.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 2, "layer_name": "Postgraduate training", "status": "verified", "summary": "Medicare pays Direct Graduate Medical Education (DGME) and Indirect Medical Education (IME). DGME supports direct approved-program costs; IME adjusts IPPS payments for teaching-hospital indirect costs. Financing training does not establish public ownership of teaching hospitals.", "source_ids": [ "US-06", "US-07" ] }, { "layer_id": 3, "layer_name": "Workforce", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Federal VHA and other public systems employ clinicians, while other physicians are employed/independent across nonprofit/for-profit/public providers. National public-employment share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 4, "layer_name": "Hospitals", "status": "partial", "summary": "The AHRQ 2023 NIS Hospital File contains 4,181 hospitals: 805 nonfederal government (19.25%), 2,758 private nonprofit (65.97%), and 618 private investor-owned (14.78%). These are unweighted frequencies within the NIS sampling frame, which covers 45 states plus DC and about 86% of community-hospital discharges—not national ownership shares. Scope includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals, including pediatric and public/academic centers; it excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Public bed share is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ] }, { "layer_id": 5, "layer_name": "Ambulatory / primary care", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Exact national clinic ownership and physician-employment shares Unknown. Medicare payment status does not establish provider ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 6, "layer_name": "Pharmacies", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Retail pharmacies are regulated/contracted across Medicare, Medicaid and private plans; exact public ownership share Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 7, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "status": "partial", "summary": "NIH and other federal bodies fund biomedical R&D, but public share of total pharmaceutical R&D Unknown here.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 8, "layer_name": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown public manufacturing share; federal procurement/funding does not imply public manufacture.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 9, "layer_name": "Devices / capital goods", "status": "partial", "summary": "Medicare payment rules provide facility-specific device/pass-through mechanisms, but no all-payer device price formation or public manufacturing share was verified. Unknown system-wide.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 10, "layer_name": "Healthcare research", "status": "partial", "summary": "Federal NIH funding establishes a public research role; a current public share of all healthcare research Unknown.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 11, "layer_name": "Insurance / financing", "status": "verified", "summary": "CMS 2024: NHE $5.3tn; private health insurance 31%, Medicare 21%, Medicaid 18%, OOP 11%, other third-party payers/programs and public health 11%. Sponsorship: federal government 31%, households 28%. These categories overlap differently; a unified government/compulsory share is not directly stated and is Unknown rather than summed.", "source_ids": [ "US-03" ] }, { "layer_id": 12, "layer_name": "Price-setting", "status": "verified", "summary": "Medicare IPPS pays hospitals predetermined per-discharge rates adjusted by MS-DRG and wage factors, with operating/capital components; physicians are paid separately under PFS. CMS publishes a national PFS amount file. These are federal administered prices for Medicare, not all-payer U.S. prices.", "source_ids": [ "US-04", "US-05", "US-08" ] }, { "layer_id": 13, "layer_name": "Billing / transparency", "status": "unknown", "summary": "Unknown national all-payer implementation outcome in this pass. Federal hospital price-transparency rules exist, but no current compliance/result source was verified here.", "source_ids": [] }, { "layer_id": 14, "layer_name": "Capital / capacity planning", "status": "partial", "summary": "Medicare IPPS has a capital-payment component, but this is reimbursement, not national capacity planning. State certificate-of-need rules vary; no national bed/capital control. Exact state coverage/current rules Unknown.", "source_ids": [] } ] } ], "sources": [ { "source_id": "AU-1", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "title_original": "“Hospital resources” / “Hospital beds.”", "title_english": "“Hospital resources” / “Hospital beds.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2026-01-14", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2023–24", "2025-09-10", "2016–17" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.aihw.gov.au/hospitals/topics/hospital-resources", "passage_original": "There is no current comprehensive dataset describing private hospitals in Australia.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "the source itself blocks a current all-sector ownership denominator", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Updated 14 January 2026; public data 2023–24, private-register date 10 September 2025, last comprehensive private beds 2016–17. Secondary URL: https://www.aihw.gov.au/hospitals/topics/hospital-resources/hospital-beds-public-and-private", "related_urls": [ "https://www.aihw.gov.au/hospitals/topics/hospital-resources/hospital-beds-public-and-private" ] }, { "source_id": "AU-2", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing", "title_original": "“Australian health system.”", "title_english": "“Australian health system.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2026-05-27", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023–24", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.au/topics/about-the-department/australian-health-system?language=aus-C47", "passage_original": "individuals contributed 16.3% in out-of-pocket costs.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "source-of-funds share, not a pure SHA compulsory-insurance category", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Updated 27 May 2026; spending data 2023–24." }, { "source_id": "AU-3", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health", "title_original": "“Primary care in Australia.”", "title_english": "“Primary care in Australia.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.au/topics/primary-care/about/in-australia", "passage_original": "often delivered by small private businesses such as GP clinics.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "private ownership/delivery alongside public subsidy", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Australian Government Department of Health. Current page accessed 2026." }, { "source_id": "AU-4", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority", "title_original": "“Pricing Framework for Australian Public Hospital Services.”", "title_english": "“Pricing Framework for Australian Public Hospital Services.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2026–27", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ihacpa.gov.au/health-care/pricing/pricing-framework-australian-public-hospital-services", "passage_original": "used to determine the National Efficient Price and National Efficient Cost.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "federal contribution benchmark, not state asset ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority. Current framework includes 2026–27." }, { "source_id": "AU-5", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health", "title_original": "“Medicare Benefits Schedule—Note GN.1.2.”", "title_english": "“Medicare Benefits Schedule—Note GN.1.2.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?q=GN.1.2&type=note", "passage_original": "100% of the Schedule fee for general practitioner services.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "benefit level; bulk-billing converts it to accepted full payment", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Australian Government Department of Health. Current MBS." }, { "source_id": "A1", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 1, 10 ], "dimension": "Medical education; Healthcare research", "institution": "Medizinische Universität Wien", "title_original": "Diplomstudium Humanmedizin", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/web/studium-weiterbildung/diplomstudium-humanmedizin/", "passage_original": "Das Diplomstudium Humanmedizin umfasst 12 Semester und 360 ECTS-Punkte.", "passage_english": "The diploma programme in human medicine comprises 12 semesters and 360 ECTS credits.", "local_term": "Diplomstudium", "literal_meaning": "diploma course", "functional_meaning": "integrated qualifying medical degree", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current programme page, accessed 16 Aug 2026; programme current." }, { "source_id": "A10", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Österreichische Apothekerkammer", "title_original": "Gesundheitsprogramm 2024: Apotheken sichern Gesundheit", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.apothekerkammer.at/fileadmin/001_Bilder_Relaunch/OEffentlicher_Bereich/Aktuelle_Themen/Gesundheitsprogramm_2024/Apothekerkammer_Regierungsprogramm_Kurz_241010.pdf", "passage_original": "1.450 öffentliche Apotheken und 43 Krankenhausapotheken.", "passage_english": "1,450 community pharmacies and 43 hospital pharmacies.", "local_term": "öffentliche Apotheke", "literal_meaning": "public/open pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "licensed community pharmacy, not public owner", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "10 Oct 2024; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "A11", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 6, 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes", "title_original": "Apothekengesetz, geltende Fassung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10010169", "passage_original": "Die Bewilligung zum Betrieb einer öffentlichen Apotheke.", "passage_english": "The authorization to operate a community pharmacy.", "local_term": "Betriebsbewilligung", "literal_meaning": "operating authorization", "functional_meaning": "statutory licence, not ownership", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Consolidated law current at 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A12", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 7 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": "Bundesamt für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen", "title_original": "Zulassung & Life Cycle Management", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://basg.gv.at/fuer-unternehmen/zulassung-life-cycle", "passage_original": "Wirksamkeit, Unbedenklichkeit und Qualität.", "passage_english": "Efficacy, safety and quality.", "local_term": "Zulassung", "literal_meaning": "authorization", "functional_meaning": "permission to market a medicine", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 30 Sep 2024; current regulatory process." }, { "source_id": "A13", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "title_original": "Globalschätzung 2024: Bruttoinlandsausgaben für F&E", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistik.at/fileadmin/announcement/2025/04/20250422Globalschaetzung2024.pdf", "passage_original": "16,1 Mrd. Euro … 3,35 % des BIP.", "passage_english": "€16.1 billion … 3.35% of GDP.", "local_term": "Bruttoinlandsausgaben für F&E", "literal_meaning": "gross domestic R&D expenditure", "functional_meaning": "all-sector GERD, not biomedical R&D", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "22 Apr 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "A14", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "BASG", "title_original": "Arzneimittelbetriebe: öffentliche Register", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.basg.gv.at/marktbeobachtung/oeffentliche-register/arzneimittelbetriebe", "passage_original": "Betriebe gemäß §§ 63 und 63a AMG.", "passage_english": "Establishments under sections 63 and 63a of the Medicines Act.", "local_term": "Arzneimittelbetrieb", "literal_meaning": "medicines establishment", "functional_meaning": "licensed regulated actor/site, not necessarily manufacturer or owner category", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Monthly/current register, accessed 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A15", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "BASG", "title_original": "Medizinprodukte", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.basg.gv.at/fuer-unternehmen/medizinprodukte", "passage_original": "keine behördliche Zulassung von Medizinprodukten.", "passage_english": "no authority-issued authorization of medical devices.", "local_term": "Konformitätsbewertung", "literal_meaning": "conformity assessment", "functional_meaning": "manufacturer/notified-body route to CE market access", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated/current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A16", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 11, 12 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing; Price-setting", "institution": "Öffentliches Gesundheitsportal Österreichs", "title_original": "Finanzierung des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheit.gv.at/gesundheitsleistungen/gesundheitswesen/finanzierung.html", "passage_original": "Mischung aus … Sozialversicherungsbeiträgen, steuerfinanzierten öffentlichen Geldern und … privaten Mitteln.", "passage_english": "A mix of social-insurance contributions, tax-funded public money and private funds.", "local_term": "Landesgesundheitsfonds", "literal_meaning": "Land health fund", "functional_meaning": "pooled Land-level fund-hospital payer/planning body", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A17", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "title_original": "Gesundheit 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistik.at/fileadmin/publications/Gesundheit-2024_barr.pdf", "passage_original": "Öffentliche Gesundheitsausgaben … 43.793 … 75,7.", "passage_english": "Public current health expenditure … €43,793m … 75.7%.", "local_term": "öffentliche Gesundheitsausgaben", "literal_meaning": "public health expenditure", "functional_meaning": "combined government and social-insurance category", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 2026; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "A18", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Öffentliches Gesundheitsportal Österreichs", "title_original": "Arzneimittelpreise", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheit.gv.at/gesundheitsleistungen/medikamente/arzneimittelpreise.html", "passage_original": "Der Fabriksabgabepreis kann grundsätzlich frei festgelegt werden.", "passage_english": "The ex-factory price can in principle be set freely.", "local_term": "Erstattungskodex (EKO)", "literal_meaning": "reimbursement code", "functional_meaning": "social-insurance reimbursable medicine list/conditions", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium-high", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026; current framework." }, { "source_id": "A19", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "Price-setting; Billing / transparency", "institution": "Öffentliches Gesundheitsportal Österreichs", "title_original": "Was zahlt die Sozialversicherung beim Arztbesuch?", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheit.gv.at/gesundheitsleistungen/arztbesuch/was-zahlt-sozialversicherung.html", "passage_original": "Die Vertragsärztin oder der Vertragsarzt verrechnet direkt.", "passage_english": "The contract physician bills directly.", "local_term": "Wahlarzt", "literal_meaning": "doctor of choice", "functional_meaning": "non-contracted private physician whose patient may claim partial reimbursement", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A2", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung", "title_original": "Gesamtüberblick Leistungsvereinbarungen 2025–2027", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024/25", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bmfwf.gv.at/dam/jcr%3A82d7a289-2698-4191-8b54-ffbabf60833c/241209_Gesamt%C3%BCberblick%20LV%2025_27%20fin.pdf", "passage_original": "1.756 Studienplätze in Humanmedizin.", "passage_english": "1,756 study places in human medicine.", "local_term": "Leistungsvereinbarung", "literal_meaning": "performance agreement", "functional_meaning": "federal-university capacity/funding contract", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "9 Dec 2024; data 2024/25." }, { "source_id": "A20", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Österreichische Sozialversicherung", "title_original": "Elektronische Einreichung von Wahlarztrechnungen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": "2024-07-01", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sozialversicherung.at/cdscontent/?contentid=10007.899244", "passage_original": "ab 1. Juli 2024 … elektronisch zu übermitteln.", "passage_english": "from 1 July 2024 … to transmit electronically.", "local_term": "Wahlarztrechnung", "literal_meaning": "elective-physician invoice", "functional_meaning": "patient-paid claim submitted for statutory reimbursement", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Effective 1 Jul 2024; updated/current at access." }, { "source_id": "A21", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Gesundheit Österreich GmbH", "title_original": "Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit 2023", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://goeg.at/OESG_2023", "passage_original": "ÖSG 2023 … Stand 10.10.2025.", "passage_english": "Austrian Health Structure Plan 2023 … version 10 October 2025.", "local_term": "ÖSG/RSG", "literal_meaning": "national/regional health structure plan", "functional_meaning": "coordinated service-capacity plans", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Text/tables updated 10 Oct 2025; planning horizon 2030." }, { "source_id": "A22", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes", "title_original": "Gesundheits-Zielsteuerungsgesetz §20, geltende Fassung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20009791&Paragraf=20&FassungVom=2026-01-20", "passage_original": "medizinisch-technischen Großgeräte … erforderlichen Anzahl … (Bandbreiten).", "passage_english": "major medical-technical equipment … required number … (ranges).", "local_term": "Großgeräteplan", "literal_meaning": "major-equipment plan", "functional_meaning": "planned locations/capacity bands for specified high-cost equipment", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at 20 Jan 2026/16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A3", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Öffentliches Gesundheitsportal Österreichs", "title_original": "Ärztin/Arzt für Allgemeinmedizin", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheit.gv.at/gesundheitsleistungen/berufe/gesundheitsberufe-a-z/aerztliche-berufe/allgemeinmediziner.html", "passage_original": "neunmonatige Basisausbildung.", "passage_english": "nine-month basic training.", "local_term": "Basisausbildung", "literal_meaning": "basic training", "functional_meaning": "initial common postgraduate clinical phase", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated/current at access 16 Aug 2026; rule current." }, { "source_id": "A4", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes", "title_original": "Ärztegesetz 1998, geltende Fassung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/geltendefassung.wxe?abfrage=bundesnormen&gesetzesnummer=10011138", "passage_original": "als Ausbildungsstätte … anerkannt.", "passage_english": "recognized as a training institution.", "local_term": "Ausbildungsstätte", "literal_meaning": "training site", "functional_meaning": "legally approved postgraduate training provider", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Consolidated law current at 16 Aug 2026; current law." }, { "source_id": "A5", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Österreichische Ärztekammer", "title_original": "Ärzt:innenstatistik 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.aerztekammer.at/statistik-2024", "passage_original": "52.005 berufsausübende Ärztinnen und Ärzte.", "passage_english": "52,005 professionally active physicians.", "local_term": "berufsausübend", "literal_meaning": "practising professionally", "functional_meaning": "active register headcount, not FTE", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "2025 release; census date 31 Dec 2024." }, { "source_id": "A6", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 3, 4 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Hospitals", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "title_original": "Gesundheit 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistik.at/fileadmin/publications/Gesundheit-2024_barr.pdf", "passage_original": "Krankenanstalten insgesamt 257 60.126.", "passage_english": "Hospitals total: 257; 60,126 [actual beds].", "local_term": "tatsächlich aufgestellte Betten", "literal_meaning": "actually installed beds", "functional_meaning": "beds available on annual average for at least six months", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 2026; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "A7", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Öffentliches Gesundheitsportal Österreichs / Gesundheit Österreich GmbH", "title_original": "Das österreichische Gesundheitssystem", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheit.gv.at/gesundheitsleistungen/gesundheitswesen/gesundheitssystem.html", "passage_original": "Rund 45 Prozent der Ärztinnen und Ärzte haben Kassenverträge.", "passage_english": "Around 45% of physicians have sickness-fund contracts.", "local_term": "Kassenvertrag", "literal_meaning": "fund contract", "functional_meaning": "contract to provide statutory-insurance services", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium-high", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A8", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Plattform Primärversorgung / Gesundheit Österreich GmbH", "title_original": "Häufige Fragen & Antworten", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://primaerversorgung.gv.at/haeufige-fragen-antworten", "passage_original": "Ärztinnen und Ärzte müssen über 50 % der Kapitalanteile halten.", "passage_english": "Physicians must hold more than 50% of the capital shares.", "local_term": "multiprofessionelle Gruppenpraxis", "literal_meaning": "multiprofessional group practice", "functional_meaning": "physician-majority PVE company form", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "A9", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Öffentliches Gesundheitsportal Österreichs", "title_original": "Entwicklungen in der Primärversorgung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheit.gv.at/gesundheitsleistungen/primaerversorgung/entwicklungen.html", "passage_original": "Im Juli 2025 eröffnete die 100. Primärversorgungseinheit.", "passage_english": "In July 2025 the 100th primary-care unit opened.", "local_term": "Primärversorgungseinheit", "literal_meaning": "primary-care unit", "functional_meaning": "contracted multidisciplinary centre/network", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 10 Dec 2025; event July 2025." }, { "source_id": "C3", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "title_original": "Krankenanstalten in Zahlen: Öffentlichkeitsrecht/Rechtsträger", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistik.at/statistiken/bevoelkerung-und-soziales/gesundheit/gesundheitsversorgung-und-ausgaben/einrichtungen-und-personal-im-gesundheitswesen", "passage_original": "Öffentlichkeitsrecht, Rechtsträger und Versorgungsfunktion.", "passage_english": "Public-law status, legal sponsor and care function.", "local_term": "Öffentlichkeitsrecht", "literal_meaning": "public-law entitlement", "functional_meaning": "hospital status, not owner", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current statistics page accessed 16 Aug 2026; data through 2024." }, { "source_id": "BE-01", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "SPF Santé publique, Sécurité de la Chaîne alimentaire et Environnement", "title_original": "Nouvelle édition des “Données phares dans les soins de santé: Hôpitaux généraux”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025-07-03", "effective_date": "2025-01-01", "data_year": [ "2025-01-01", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/actualites/2025-07-nouvelle-edition-donnees-phares-soins-sante-hopitaux-generaux", "passage_original": "“Au 1er janvier 2025, la Belgique comptait 103 hôpitaux généraux, répartis sur 189 sites hospitaliers.” Also: “le nombre de lits hospitaliers agréés [...] 52 317”.", "passage_english": "“On 1 January 2025, Belgium had 103 general hospitals, distributed across 189 hospital sites”; “the number of accredited hospital beds [was] 52,317.”", "local_term": "hôpital général = general-hospital entity; site hospitalier = operating location; lit agréé = legally accredited bed. Functionally these are service/capacity units, not owner classes.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "hôpital général = general-hospital entity; site hospitalier = operating location; lit agréé = legally accredited bed. Functionally these are service/capacity units, not owner classes.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 3 July 2025; point-in-time 1 Jan 2025, activity/finance data also include 2023. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for denominator and date, High that owner numerator is absent." }, { "source_id": "BE-02", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "title_original": "Établissements de soins de santé", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "data_year": "2026-01-01", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/professionnels/professionnels-sante/sante-humaine/organisation-soins-sante/etablissements-soins-sante", "passage_original": "“Programmation fédérale des lits hospitaliers [...] chiffres de programmation en cours”.", "passage_english": "“Federal programming of hospital beds [...] current programming figures.”", "local_term": "programmation fédérale = federal capacity-planning/allocation framework, not ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "programmation fédérale = federal capacity-planning/allocation framework, not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: page accessed 16 Aug 2026; linked “programmation en cours” dated 1 Jan 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for control function, Moderate for exact cross-entity division absent project files." }, { "source_id": "BE-03", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 4, 12 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Price-setting", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "title_original": "Budget des moyens financiers (BMF)", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/professionnels/professionnels-sante/sante-humaine/organisation-soins-sante/organisation-financement-hopitaux/budget-moyens-financiers-bmf", "passage_original": "“Le BMF est calculé pour chaque hôpital individuellement, dans les limites d’un budget global fixé annuellement.” The exclusions include “les honoraires médicaux”, “les spécialités pharmaceutiques” and infrastructure subsidies.", "passage_english": "“The BMF is calculated individually for each hospital, within the limits of an overall budget fixed annually.” It excludes medical fees, pharmaceutical specialties and infrastructure subsidies, among other items.", "local_term": "budget des moyens financiers = federal hospital operating-budget component. Functional meaning: budget/reimbursement instrument; not total revenue, legal form or owner.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "budget des moyens financiers = federal hospital operating-budget component. Functional meaning: budget/reimbursement instrument; not total revenue, legal form or owner.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: page accessed 16 Aug 2026; current methodology, linked 2025 budget documents. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-04", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Vlaamse overheid", "title_original": "Toelatingsexamens arts, tandarts en dierenarts", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/onderwijs-en-vorming/toelatingsexamens", "passage_original": "“Om te kunnen starten met de opleiding geneeskunde [...] moet u gunstig gerangschikt zijn voor het toelatingsexamen.”", "passage_english": "“To be able to start the medicine program [...] you must be favorably ranked in the entrance examination.”", "local_term": "gunstig gerangschikt = ranked within the admitted quota, a selection outcome, not employment or school ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "gunstig gerangschikt = ranked within the admitted quota, a selection outcome, not employment or school ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current 2026 examination cycle; accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for Flanders, not generalized to the French Community." }, { "source_id": "BE-05", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Vlaamse overheid", "title_original": "Aan de slag als arts", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/werken/werken-in-de-zorgsector/aan-de-slag-als-arts", "passage_original": "“U volgt de universitaire opleiding van 6 jaar tot arts. [...] Na het behalen van uw basisdiploma ontvangt u automatisch een visum.”", "passage_english": "“You follow the six-year university course to become a doctor. [...] After obtaining your basic diploma, you automatically receive a visa.”", "local_term": "visum = federal authorization to practise the profession; not an immigration visa and not a specialist billing entitlement.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "visum = federal authorization to practise the profession; not an immigration visa and not a specialist billing entitlement.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: page accessed 16 Aug 2026; current guidance. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-06", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Vlaamse Regering", "title_original": "Maximum aantal kandidaten dat tot de opleiding arts- en tandarts-specialisten kan worden toegelaten voor het jaar 2028", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2028", "data_year": 2028, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/vlaamse-regering/beslissingen-van-de-vlaamse-regering/maximum-aantal-kandidaten-dat-tot-de-opleiding-arts-en-tandarts-specialisten-kan-worden-toegelaten-voor-het-jaar-2028", "passage_original": "“De Vlaamse Regering legt [...] het maximumaantal kandidaten vast [...] rekening houdend met de adviezen van de federale Planningscommissie.”", "passage_english": "“The Flemish Government sets the maximum number of candidates [...] taking account of the advice of the federal Planning Commission.”", "local_term": "subquota = community allocation within workforce-planning limits; functional meaning: entry control to specialty training.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "subquota = community allocation within workforce-planning limits; functional meaning: entry control to specialty training.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: government decision 2025, applies to 2028 intake. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for Flemish control, not a national site-ownership statement." }, { "source_id": "BE-07", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "title_original": "Nouvelle édition des “Données phares dans les soins de santé”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2026-02-05", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/actualites/2026-2-nouvelle-edition-donnees-phares-soins-sante", "passage_original": "“plus de 690 000 professionnels [...] infirmiers (216 645) [...] médecins (64 521)”.", "passage_english": "“more than 690,000 professionals [...] nurses (216,645) [...] physicians (64,521).”", "local_term": "professionnels enregistrés = people in the federal professional database; not necessarily active FTE workers.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "professionnels enregistrés = people in the federal professional database; not necessarily active FTE workers.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: published 5 Feb 2026; current federal registry snapshot. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for registry count, Moderate as workforce supply." }, { "source_id": "BE-08", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "Statistiques relatives aux dispensateurs de soins individuels : méthodologie", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/statistiques/statistiques-soins-de-sante/statistiques-relatives-aux-dispensateurs-de-soins-individuels-methodologie", "passage_original": "“L’INAMI n’a pas d’information directe sur la nature de la relation de travail [...] salarié, indépendant.”", "passage_english": "“INAMI has no direct information on the nature of the employment relationship [...] salaried, self-employed.”", "local_term": "dispensateur de soins = individual care provider in claims/authorization data, not an employment category.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "dispensateur de soins = individual care provider in claims/authorization data, not an employment category.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current methodology accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1 statutory-administrative source; High for the explicit data limitation." }, { "source_id": "BE-09", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "New Deal pour la médecine générale : les premiers médecins démarreront le 1er avril 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": "2024-04-01", "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/actualites/new-deal-pour-la-medecine-generale-les-premiers-medecins-demarreront-le-1er-avril-2024", "passage_original": "“un nouveau modèle de financement optionnel pour les cabinets de médecine générale”.", "passage_english": "“a new optional financing model for general-practice offices.”", "local_term": "cabinet de médecine générale = GP practice/office; modèle optionnel = voluntary contract/payment model, not ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "cabinet de médecine générale = GP practice/office; modèle optionnel = voluntary contract/payment model, not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 2024; implementation from 1 Apr 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1/2 statutory insurer; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-10", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Centre fédéral d’expertise des soins de santé (KCE)", "title_original": "La collecte de données, le premier pas vers un nouveau modèle de calcul du financement des maisons médicales", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2024-06-27", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://kce.fgov.be/fr/a-propos-de-nous/communiques-de-presse/la-collecte-de-donnees-le-premier-pas-vers-un-nouveau-modele-de-calcul-du-financement-des-maisons", "passage_original": "“les maisons médicales financées au forfait”.", "passage_english": "“medical homes financed by capitation/a fixed per-person payment.”", "local_term": "forfait = prospective per-enrolled-person payment in this context; not a legal-form or owner class.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "forfait = prospective per-enrolled-person payment in this context; not a legal-form or owner class.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 27 Jun 2024. Evidence note: Tier 2; High for payment model." }, { "source_id": "BE-11", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP)", "title_original": "Applications for revisions to the register of pharmacies can from now on be done online", "title_english": "Applications for revisions to the register of pharmacies can from now on be done online", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2024-12-13", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.famhp.be/en/news/applications_for_revisions_to_the_register_of_pharmacies_can_from_now_on_be_done_online", "passage_original": "“applications for an authorisation to open, merge, transfer or close a public pharmacy”.", "passage_english": "Source is already English; the agency authorizes opening, merger, transfer and closure of a community/public-facing pharmacy.", "local_term": "public pharmacy/pharmacie publique = community pharmacy open to the public, not publicly owned.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "public pharmacy/pharmacie publique = community pharmacy open to the public, not publicly owned.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: 13 Dec 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1 public agency; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-12", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Conseil fédéral des pharmaciens, SPF Santé publique", "title_original": "Avis 05 du Conseil fédéral des pharmaciens", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://consultativebodies.health.belgium.be/sites/default/files/documents/advies_05_cfp-fra.pdf", "passage_original": "“4.543 pharmacies ouvertes au public”.", "passage_english": "“4,543 pharmacies open to the public.”", "local_term": "pharmacie ouverte au public = community pharmacy, not a publicly owned pharmacy.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "pharmacie ouverte au public = community pharmacy, not a publicly owned pharmacy.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: 2025; current count used in the advice. Evidence note: Tier 2 official consultative body; Moderate–High for count, no ownership split." }, { "source_id": "BE-13", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Association Pharmaceutique Belge", "title_original": "À propos de l’APB", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.apb.be/fr-BE/AboutUs", "passage_original": "“la fédération nationale des pharmaciens d’officine indépendants” and “plus de 4 pharmacies publiques sur 5”.", "passage_english": "“the national federation of independent community pharmacists” and “more than four out of five community pharmacies.”", "local_term": "pharmacien d’officine indépendant = independent community-pharmacy professional/operator; membership does not equal ultimate asset ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "pharmacien d’officine indépendant = independent community-pharmacy professional/operator; membership does not equal ultimate asset ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: page accessed 16 Aug 2026; current membership claim. Evidence note: Tier 3; Moderate for representational coverage, insufficient for owner share." }, { "source_id": "BE-14", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "Sciensano", "title_original": "À propos de Sciensano", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2018-02-25", "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sciensano.be/fr/a-propos-de-sciensano", "passage_original": "“une institution publique, dotée de la personnalité juridique, créée par la loi du 25 février 2018”.", "passage_english": "“a public institution endowed with legal personality, created by the law of 25 February 2018.”", "local_term": "institution publique dotée de la personnalité juridique = public legal person, functionally a public research/public-health operator.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "institution publique dotée de la personnalité juridique = public legal person, functionally a public research/public-health operator.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: page accessed 16 Aug 2026; legal basis 25 Feb 2018; 2024 activities cross-checked in annual report. Additional URLs: https://www.sciensano.be/sites/default/files/sciensano_rapport_annuel_2024_fr_ok_compressed.pdf Evidence note: Tier 2 public institute; High for its own form/functions." }, { "source_id": "BE-15", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "SPF Économie", "title_original": "Aperçu de l’activité économique", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://economie.fgov.be/fr/themes/entreprises/analyses-economiques/conjoncture-en-belgique/apercu-de-lactivite-economique", "passage_original": "“En 2024, l’industrie pharmaceutique était le principal secteur de l’industrie manufacturière à créer de la valeur ajoutée.”", "passage_english": "“In 2024, the pharmaceutical industry was the leading manufacturing sector in creating value added.”", "local_term": "industrie pharmaceutique = pharmaceutical manufacturing industry aggregate; not a public-owner class.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "industrie pharmaceutique = pharmaceutical manufacturing industry aggregate; not a public-owner class.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026; data year 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for economic significance, Low/none for ownership (not inferred)." }, { "source_id": "BE-16", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "SPF Économie", "title_original": "Projet important d’intérêt européen commun dans le secteur de la santé", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://economie.fgov.be/fr/themes/entreprises/appels-projets/projets-importants-dinteret/ipcei-dans-le-secteur-de-la/projet-important-dinteret-0", "passage_original": "“conception et fabrication durables de dispositifs médicaux”.", "passage_english": "“sustainable design and manufacture of medical devices.”", "local_term": "IPCEI = state-aid/industrial-policy project framework; support does not equal government equity or ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "IPCEI = state-aid/industrial-policy project framework; support does not equal government equity or ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: page accessed 16 Aug 2026; current IPCEI project framework. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for support/control, no ownership inference." }, { "source_id": "BE-17", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 10 ], "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": "Politique scientifique fédérale (BELSPO)", "title_original": "Rapport annuel 2024 — Research & Science", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.belspo.be/belspo/organisation/report-2024/research_science_fr.stm", "passage_original": "“214 projets [...] 11 programmes [...] 136.238.850 €”.", "passage_english": "“214 projects [...] 11 programs [...] €136,238,850.”", "local_term": "programmes de recherche = federal research sponsorship portfolio; totals are not health-only.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "programmes de recherche = federal research sponsorship portfolio; totals are not health-only.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: 2024 report. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for portfolio, deliberately not used as health-spend total." }, { "source_id": "BE-18", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "Budget de l’assurance soins de santé", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/themes/financement-de-l-assurance/budget", "passage_original": "“nous versons chaque mois un douzième [...] aux organismes assureurs”.", "passage_english": "“we pay one twelfth each month [...] to the insurance bodies.”", "local_term": "organisme assureur = recognized mutuality/insurance body paying compulsory-insurance benefits; gestion globale = social-security pooled management.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "organisme assureur = recognized mutuality/insurance body paying compulsory-insurance benefits; gestion globale = social-security pooled management.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2 statutory insurer; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-19", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "S’affilier à une mutualité", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/themes/soins-de-sante-cout-et-remboursement/assurabilite/s-affilier-a-une-mutualite", "passage_original": "“Votre mutualité vous rembourse [...] sous le contrôle de l’INAMI.”", "passage_english": "“Your mutuality reimburses you [...] under INAMI’s supervision.”", "local_term": "mutualité/ziekenfonds = claims payer/insurance body, not automatically an owner/operator of care facilities.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "mutualité/ziekenfonds = claims payer/insurance body, not automatically an owner/operator of care facilities.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-20", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "Honoraires, prix et remboursements", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/themes/soins-de-sante-cout-et-remboursement/les-prestations-de-sante-que-vous-rembourse-votre-mutualite/prestations-de-soins-individuelles/honoraires-prix-et-remboursements", "passage_original": "“Les représentants des dispensateurs de soins, des mutualités et des pouvoirs publics fixent [...] les honoraires et les prix.”", "passage_english": "“Representatives of care providers, mutualities and public authorities set [...] fees and prices.”", "local_term": "honoraires = professional fee; convention = negotiated statutory tariff agreement.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "honoraires = professional fee; convention = negotiated statutory tariff agreement.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-21", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "Price-setting; Billing / transparency", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "Nomenclature des prestations de santé", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/nomenclature", "passage_original": "“un code, des honoraires officiels et un remboursement”.", "passage_english": "“a code, official fees and a reimbursement.”", "local_term": "nomenclature = legally grounded billable-service and reimbursement schedule.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "nomenclature = legally grounded billable-service and reimbursement schedule.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current, accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-22", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "Price-setting; Billing / transparency", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "L’accord national médico-mutualiste", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2026–2027", "data_year": "2026–2027", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inami.fgov.be/fr/professionnels/professionnels-de-la-sante/medecins/soins-par-le-medecin/l-accord-national-medico-mutualiste", "passage_original": "“fixe les tarifs que les médecins conventionnés peuvent facturer”.", "passage_english": "“sets the tariffs that convention-bound physicians may bill.”", "local_term": "médecin conventionné = physician adhering to the agreement’s tariffs; not an employee or owner class.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "médecin conventionné = physician adhering to the agreement’s tariffs; not an employee or owner class.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current 2026–2027 agreement page. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-23", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "SPF Économie", "title_original": "Médicaments remboursables", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://economie.fgov.be/fr/medicaments-remboursables", "passage_original": "“introduire [...] une demande de fixation du prix [...] le même jour que la demande de remboursement auprès de l’INAMI”; “le ministre de l’Économie fixe le prix ex-usine”.", "passage_english": "“submit a price-fixing application on the same day as the reimbursement application to INAMI”; “the Economy minister sets the ex-factory price.”", "local_term": "prix ex-usine = manufacturer/ex-factory maximum price; base de remboursement = insurance reimbursement basis, a separate decision.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "prix ex-usine = manufacturer/ex-factory maximum price; base de remboursement = insurance reimbursement basis, a separate decision.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-24", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "INAMI", "title_original": "Combien coûtent vos soins ?", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.riziv.fgov.be/fr/themes/soins-de-sante-cout-et-remboursement/combien-coutent-vos-soins", "passage_original": "“les dispensateurs de soins doivent afficher [...] leurs tarifs [...] et leur statut de conventionnement”.", "passage_english": "“care providers must display [...] their tariffs [...] and their convention status.”", "local_term": "statut de conventionnement = tariff-agreement adherence status; it predicts supplement risk, not ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statut de conventionnement = tariff-agreement adherence status; it predicts supplement risk, not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-25", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Vlaamse overheid/VIPA", "title_original": "Subsidies voor investeringen in welzijns- en gezondheidsvoorzieningen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vlaanderen.be/subsidies-voor-investeringen-in-welzijns-en-gezondheidsvoorzieningen", "passage_original": "“subsidies voor bouwprojecten en de eerste uitrusting”.", "passage_english": "“subsidies for construction projects and initial equipment.”", "local_term": "VIPA-investeringssubsidie = federated capital subsidy; not automatic public title to the financed asset.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "VIPA-investeringssubsidie = federated capital subsidy; not automatic public title to the financed asset.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-26", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "title_original": "FAQ Imagerie médicale", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/outils/faq-imagerie-medicale", "passage_original": "“Un appareil RMN [...] doit disposer d’un agrément spécifique”; “aucun appareil [...] ne peut être installé ou exploité sans autorisation”.", "passage_english": "“An MRI device [...] must have specific accreditation”; “no device [...] may be installed or operated without authorization.”", "local_term": "agrément de l’appareil = device-level accreditation; programmation = capacity allocation. Neither is ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "agrément de l’appareil = device-level accreditation; programmation = capacity allocation. Neither is ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "BE-27", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Risk Management Group, Belgian health authorities", "title_original": "Rapport final RMG 28/03/2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2024-03-28", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.belgium.be/sites/default/files/uploads/fields/fpshealth_theme_file/1.1_finale_rmg_rapport_20240328_fr.pdf", "passage_original": "“achat groupé [...] minimum de 1.400 flacons” and references to “stocks de l’État/des entités fédérées”.", "passage_english": "“grouped purchase [...] minimum of 1,400 vials” and “stocks of the state/federated entities.”", "local_term": "achat groupé = coordinated public procurement; stock = public inventory. Neither establishes public manufacture.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "achat groupé = coordinated public procurement; stock = public inventory. Neither establishes public manufacture.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: 28 Mar 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for the bounded procurement link." }, { "source_id": "CA-1", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Canadian Institute for Health Information", "title_original": "“Health Expenditure Data in Brief, 2025.”", "title_english": "“Health Expenditure Data in Brief, 2025.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025-11", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/health-expenditure-data-in-brief-2025-en.pdf", "passage_original": "public-sector share of total health spending is expected to be 71.2%.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "broad public/private source split, not provider ownership", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Canadian Institute for Health Information. Published November 2025; 2025 forecast and 2023 actual household figures." }, { "source_id": "CA-2", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Health Canada", "title_original": "“How publicly funded health care coverage works.”", "title_english": "“How publicly funded health care coverage works.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/canada-health-care-system/medicare/canada-health-act/how-publicly-funded-coverage-works.html", "passage_original": "Hospitals are often incorporated private foundations.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "insured/public hospital services need not be government-owned", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Health Canada. Current federal overview." }, { "source_id": "CA-3", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_ids": [ 4, 13 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Health Canada", "title_original": "“Canada Health Act Annual Report 2024–2025.”", "title_english": "“Canada Health Act Annual Report 2024–2025.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024–25", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/health-system-services/canada-health-act-annual-report-2024-2025.html", "passage_original": "The Act does not prohibit private delivery of insured health services.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "public administration applies to insurance plans", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Health Canada. Reporting year 2024–25." }, { "source_id": "CA-4", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Patented Medicine Prices Review Board", "title_original": "“Frequently Asked Questions.”", "title_english": "“Frequently Asked Questions.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.pmprb-cepmb.gc.ca/view.asp?ccid=1049", "passage_original": "regulates the prices that patentees charge ... at the factory-gate level.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "federal patented-price ceiling, not a retail formulary price for every drug", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Patented Medicine Prices Review Board. Current page." }, { "source_id": "CA-5", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Canadian Blood Services", "title_original": "“Annual Report 2023–2024.”", "title_english": "“Annual Report 2023–2024.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "FY2023–24", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.blood.ca/sites/default/files/CBS_AR_2024_EN_FINAL.pdf", "passage_original": "Regulated as a biologics manufacturer by Health Canada, we provide blood, plasma and platelets.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "government-funded independent nonprofit public-accountability chain, not legal state ownership", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Canadian Blood Services. FY2023–24. Source-specific confidence: high for its operations; high for non-state legal status." }, { "source_id": "CL-01", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud (DEIS)", "title_original": "Norma EIS – Estándares de Datos del Sistema de Salud: Prestadores de Salud Institucionales", "title_english": "EIS Standard — Health-System Data Standards: Institutional Health Providers", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://deis.minsal.cl/norma-eis-estandares-de-datos-del-sistema-de-salud-prestadores-de-salud-institucionales/", "passage_original": "Subclase: Establecimientos Públicos [...] Establecimientos Públicos Hospitalarios [...] Establecimientos de Salud Privados.", "passage_english": "Subclass: Public Establishments [...] Public Hospital Establishments [...] Private Health Establishments.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "DEIS maintains distinct public-hospital and private-provider classifications; this page is a taxonomy, not a current facility-count denominator.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact text verified on the live DEIS page. Retain medium confidence for ownership quantification because the source defines categories but supplies no current counts." }, { "source_id": "CL-02", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "CENABAST", "title_original": "Quiénes somos", "title_english": "Who We Are", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cenabast.cl/institucion/quienes-somos/", "passage_original": "El proceso de abastecimiento que realiza Cenabast se inicia con la captura de la demanda de los establecimientos de salud (consultorios y hospitales), en total, más de 500 recintos a lo largo y ancho del país programan sus necesidades de fármacos e insumos con la Institución.", "passage_english": "Cenabast's supply process begins by collecting demand from health establishments (clinics and hospitals); in total, more than 500 facilities across the country schedule their medicine and supply needs with the institution.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "CENABAST aggregates demand and procures medicines and supplies for a large public-provider network; procurement does not establish public manufacture.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the live CENABAST institutional page." }, { "source_id": "CL-03", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 6, 12 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Price-setting", "institution": "CENABAST", "title_original": "Anuario 2024", "title_english": "2024 Annual Report", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cenabast.cl/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Anuario-2024_CENABAST.pdf", "passage_original": "La ley 21.198, comúnmente denominada ‘Ley Cenabast’, otorga a la Central de Abastecimiento la facultad de proveer a las farmacias privadas y a las organizaciones sin fines de lucro, estableciendo un precio máximo de venta al público.", "passage_english": "Law 21.198, commonly called the ‘Cenabast Law,’ gives the Supply Center authority to supply private pharmacies and nonprofit organizations, establishing a maximum retail sale price.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Within the Law 21.198 channel, a public procurement agency supplies participating private/nonprofit pharmacies and sets a maximum retail price.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified in the official 2024 annual-report PDF." }, { "source_id": "CL-04", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "CENABAST", "title_original": "Cuenta Pública Participativa 2025", "title_english": "2025 Participatory Public Accountability Report", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cenabast.cl/cuenta-publica-participativa-2025/", "passage_original": "1.178 FARMACIAS ADHERIDAS A LA LEY CENABAST EN TODO EL PAÍS [...] 4.621.947 CAJAS DE MEDICAMENTOS SE VENDIERON EN FARMACIAS ADHERIDAS.", "passage_english": "1,178 pharmacies enrolled in the Cenabast Law nationwide [...] 4,621,947 packages of medicines were sold in participating pharmacies.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official report quantifies the participating Law 21.198 pharmacy channel, not all pharmacies in Chile.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact figures verified on the live CENABAST accountability page; the page reports 2024 activity." }, { "source_id": "CL-05", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Construyendo Salud Mental", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2022, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024.05.28_CONSTRUYENDO-SALUD-MENTAL.pdf", "passage_original": "en 2022 alcanzó cerca de un 30% del gasto total en salud,", "passage_english": "in 2022 it reached close to 30% of total health expenditure.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "2024, citing 2022 OOP. Tier 2" }, { "source_id": "CL-06", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "28 nuevos médicos se integran a la red pública del Servicio de Salud Coquimbo", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.minsal.cl/28-nuevos-medicos-se-integran-a-la-red-publica-del-servicio-de-salud-coquimbo/", "passage_original": "los médicos EDF se desempeñan entre tres y seis años… para posteriormente acceder a una beca de especialización.", "passage_english": "EDF physicians work for between three and six years… then may access a specialty scholarship.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "current news page. Tier 2" }, { "source_id": "CL-07", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 7 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": "CENABAST", "title_original": "Cuenta Pública 2024", "title_english": "2024 Public Accountability Report", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cenabast.cl/cuentapublica2024/", "passage_original": "Durante 2023, se sumaron 13 farmacias comunales más al abastecimiento Cenabast, llegando a 154 farmacias en todo el país.", "passage_english": "During 2023, 13 additional municipal pharmacies joined Cenabast supply, bringing the nationwide total to 154 pharmacies.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "CENABAST supplied 154 participating municipal pharmacies in 2023; this is a programme count, not the total retail-pharmacy market.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the official 2024 accountability page." }, { "source_id": "CL-08", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Superintendencia de Salud", "title_original": "Afiliación", "title_english": "Enrollment", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.superdesalud.gob.cl/tax-temas-de-orientacion/afiliacion-2342/", "passage_original": "Procedimiento a través del cual una persona se incorpora al sistema de salud privado o público (isapre o Fonasa), ya sea en calidad de cotizante titular o como beneficiario y /o carga legal, adquiriendo derechos y asumiendo obligaciones.", "passage_english": "The procedure through which a person joins the private or public health system (Isapre or Fonasa), either as the principal contributor or as a beneficiary and/or legal dependent, acquiring rights and assuming obligations.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Chile has parallel public FONASA and private ISAPRE enrollment paths; the same page states that statutory health contributions may not be below 7% of the monthly minimum wage in the specified FONASA guidance.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact enrollment definition verified on the Superintendence page. The separate 7% statement also appears verbatim on that page." }, { "source_id": "CL-09", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Cuenta Pública Participativa 2025", "title_english": "2025 Participatory Public Accountability Report", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.minsal.cl/cuenta-publica-participativa-2025/", "passage_original": "La política de Copago Cero permitió que más 1.700.000 personas se atendieran sin costo entre septiembre de 2022 y diciembre de 2024, con un ahorro total de 294 mil millones de pesos.", "passage_english": "The Zero Copayment policy allowed more than 1.7 million people to receive care at no cost between September 2022 and December 2024, with total savings of 294 billion pesos.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Copago Cero eliminated point-of-service copayments for the covered FONASA public-network pathway; it does not imply zero household spending outside that pathway.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the Ministry of Health page." }, { "source_id": "CL-10", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Salud inicia construcción del hospital Marga Marga en Villa Alemana", "title_english": "Health authorities begin construction of Marga Marga Hospital in Villa Alemana", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2020-07-29", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2020", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.minsal.cl/salud-inicia-construccion-del-hospital-marga-marga-en-villa-alemana/", "passage_original": "El recinto hospitalario contará con 282 camas entre básicas, medias y críticas, 51 boxes de atención, nueve pabellones quirúrgicos, salas de parto integral, salas de procedimientos, además de 15 puestos de diálisis.", "passage_english": "The hospital was planned with 282 basic, intermediate, and critical-care beds, 51 treatment bays, nine operating rooms, integrated delivery rooms, procedure rooms, and 15 dialysis stations.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "A 2020 project announcement establishes planned public capacity, not completion or current operational capacity.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Official 2020 project announcement; 282 planned beds. No completion date is asserted." }, { "source_id": "CO-01", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "title_original": "Indicadores básicos de salud 2024", "title_english": "Basic Health Indicators 2024", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2022, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/GCFI/indicadores-basicos-salud-2024.pdf", "passage_original": "Sedes de IPS públicas 3 616… Sedes de IPS privadas 16 967… Sedes hospitalarias 1 835… Camas instaladas 98 040.", "passage_english": "Public IPS sites: 3,616; private IPS sites: 16,967; hospital sites: 1,835; installed beds: 98,040.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Provider sites are service locations, not a legal-ownership denominator for hospitals or beds.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "published 2024, provider data 2022. Tier 2" }, { "source_id": "CO-02", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "ADRES", "title_original": "ADRES cerró el 2024 con ejecución de $83 billones por UPC", "title_english": "ADRES Closed 2024 with COP 83.2 Trillion in UPC Execution", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.adres.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/noticias/adres-cerro-el-2024-con-ejecucion-de-83-billones-por-upc", "passage_original": "En diciembre de 2024, la ADRES dio cumplimiento oportuno a los giros realizados a las EPS e IPS, con una ejecución presupuesta de $83,2 billones con los que se garantizaron los servicios de salud de los afiliados al sistema.", "passage_english": "In December 2024, ADRES timely completed transfers to EPS insurers and IPS providers, with budget execution of COP 83.2 trillion used to guarantee health services for system enrollees.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "ADRES is a central public funds administrator transferring UPC financing through insurers and directly to providers; COP 83.2 trillion is UPC execution, not total national health expenditure.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "high", "notes": "The exact official text and official news-index entry were recovered, but the supplied article URL now returns the site's 404 page after an ADRES platform migration. Preserve the quotation but flag the link as migrated." }, { "source_id": "CO-03", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "ADRES", "title_original": "ADRES presenta distribución de recursos de la salud a EPS en 2024", "title_english": "ADRES Presents the Distribution of Health Resources to EPS Insurers in 2024 Compared with Recent Years", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.adres.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/noticias/adres-presenta-distribucion-de-recursos-de-la-salud-a-eps-en-2024-comparada-con-ultimas-vigencias", "passage_original": "Para la vigencia 2024, con corte al 31 de diciembre, los recursos reconocidos por la ADRES por concepto de UPC [...] alcanzando $83,2 billones de pesos; esta suma se distribuyó así: $41,59 billones para el régimen subsidiado y $41,63 billones para el régimen contributivo.", "passage_english": "For fiscal year 2024, through December 31, resources recognized by ADRES for UPC reached COP 83.2 trillion; COP 41.59 trillion went to the subsidized regime and COP 41.63 trillion to the contributory regime.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official administrator split 2024 UPC recognition almost evenly between subsidized and contributory insurance regimes.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "high", "notes": "The exact official text and official news-index entry were recovered, but the supplied article URL now returns the site's 404 page after an ADRES platform migration." }, { "source_id": "CO-04", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "DANE", "title_original": "Cuenta Satélite de Salud y Seguridad Social", "title_english": "Health Satellite Account", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/cuentas-nacionales/cuentas-satelite/salud-y-seguridad-social/cuenta-satelite-de-salud-css", "passage_original": "En 2024pr los ingresos del esquema contributivo participaron con el 44,0% del total de ingresos de los esquemas de salud, seguido de los ingresos del esquema subsidiado (35,3%) y los seguros en salud (20,7%).", "passage_english": "In provisional 2024 data, contributory-scheme income represented 44.0% of total health-scheme income, followed by subsidized-scheme income (35.3%) and health insurance (20.7%).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "These are shares of income across the satellite account's health schemes, not shares of current health expenditure and not ownership shares.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the live DANE page; 2024 is provisional." }, { "source_id": "CO-05", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Beneficios, costos y tarifas and Unidad de Pago por Capitación", "title_english": "Regulation of Health-Insurance Benefits, Costs and Tariffs", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www2.minsalud.gov.co/salud/regulacion-beneficios-costos-tarifas/Paginas/beneficios-costos-y-tarifas.aspx", "passage_original": "La Dirección de Regulación de Beneficios, Costos y Tarifas del Aseguramiento en Salud [...] es la encargada de regular y definir los beneficios, costos y tarifas relacionados con el sistema de aseguramiento en salud. Esta dirección evalúa y determina la Unidad de Pago por Capitación (UPC).", "passage_english": "The Directorate for Regulation of Health-Insurance Benefits, Costs and Tariffs is responsible for regulating and defining benefits, costs and tariffs related to the health-insurance system. This directorate evaluates and determines the Capitation Payment Unit (UPC).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "A national ministry directorate defines insurance benefits/cost parameters and determines the UPC capitation amount; this does not establish every provider's transaction price.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified from the Ministry's original-language page.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/pos/Paginas/unidad-de-pago-por-capitacion-upc.aspx" ] }, { "source_id": "CO-06", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 1, 2 ], "dimension": "Medical education; Postgraduate training", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Formación del talento humano en salud", "title_english": "Health-Workforce Training", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www2.minsalud.gov.co/salud/PO/Paginas/formacion-talento-humano-salud.aspx", "passage_original": "Relación docencia servicio: Es el vínculo funcional que se establece entre instituciones educativas y otras organizaciones, con el propósito de formar talento humano en salud.", "passage_english": "Teaching-service relationship: the functional link established between educational institutions and other organizations for the purpose of training health personnel.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Clinical training is organized through teaching-service relationships between educational institutions and service organizations; this source does not quantify public ownership of training places.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact passage verified from the Ministry page; retain medium confidence for ownership/control inference because no seat denominator is provided." }, { "source_id": "CO-07", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Registro Único Nacional del Talento Humano en Salud – ReTHUS", "title_english": "National Single Registry of Health Personnel — ReTHUS", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www2.minsalud.gov.co/salud/PO/Paginas/registro-unico-nacional-del-talento-humano-en-salud-rethus.aspx", "passage_original": "El ReTHUS es la inscripción, en el sistema de información definido por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, del talento humano en salud que cumple con los requisitos establecidos en la Ley 1164 de 2007, proceso con el cual se entiende que dicho personal se encuentra autorizado para el ejercicio de una profesión u ocupación del área de la salud.", "passage_english": "ReTHUS is the registration, in the information system defined by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection, of health personnel who meet the requirements established in Law 1164 of 2007, through which such personnel are understood to be authorized to practice a health profession or occupation.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The national ministry-defined registry is the authorization record for the health workforce; registration is public control, not public employment.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified from the original-language Ministry page." }, { "source_id": "CO-08", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 7, 8, 9, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Pharmaceutical manufacturing; Devices / capital goods; Healthcare research", "institution": "Congreso / INVIMA normogram", "title_original": "Ley 2386 de 2024", "title_english": "Law 2386 of 2024", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://normograma.invima.gov.co/compilacion/docs/ley_2386_2024.htm", "passage_original": "La Política Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo Tecnológico, Innovación y Producción de la Industria Farmacéutica para la Autonomía Sanitaria constituye el conjunto de mecanismos y estrategias dirigidas a promover y fortalecer la investigación científica, el desarrollo tecnológico, la innovación y la producción.", "passage_english": "The National Policy for Scientific Research, Technological Development, Innovation and Pharmaceutical-Industry Production for Health Autonomy consists of mechanisms and strategies aimed at promoting and strengthening scientific research, technological development, innovation and production.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The law mandates national policy and public coordination to strengthen pharmaceutical research and production; it is not evidence that production itself is publicly owned.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact statutory passage verified in INVIMA's official normogram." }, { "source_id": "CO-09", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "INVIMA", "title_original": "Establecimientos certificados dispositivos médicos", "title_english": "Establishments Certified for Medical-Device Manufacturing", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "30 Apr 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.invima.gov.co/biblioteca/establecimientos-certificados-dispositivos-medicos-30-abr-2024", "passage_original": "Consulta el listado oficial de establecimientos certificados por INVIMA para la fabricación y acondicionamiento de dispositivos médicos en Colombia, actualizado al 30 de abril de 2024.", "passage_english": "Consult INVIMA's official list of establishments certified for the manufacture and conditioning of medical devices in Colombia, updated through April 30, 2024.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "INVIMA certifies domestic medical-device manufacturing sites; certification is regulation, not public ownership or output share.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the live INVIMA page." }, { "source_id": "CO-10", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Colombia Compra Eficiente", "title_original": "public medicine aggregated-procurement release", "title_english": "Strategic Alliance between Colombia Compra Eficiente and the Health Superintendence to Improve Medicine Supply and Access", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://operaciones.colombiacompra.gov.co/sala-de-prensa/comunicados/alianzas-estrategicas-entre-colombia-compra-eficiente-y-la", "passage_original": "Se revisó el funcionamiento del mecanismo, que centraliza la adquisición y dispensación de medicamentos en todo el país, permitiendo una mayor eficiencia en los costos y mejor acceso a productos esenciales para la salud.", "passage_english": "The operation of the mechanism was reviewed; it centralizes medicine acquisition and dispensing nationwide, enabling greater cost efficiency and better access to essential health products.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The public procurement agency describes a demand-aggregation mechanism for medicines; the passage does not quantify its market coverage.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the official release; retain medium confidence because this is a programme description without coverage data." }, { "source_id": "CO-11", "iso3": "COL", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud, official health-capacity dashboards (", "title_original": "sello excelencia", "title_english": "Digital Government Excellence Seal — Ministry of Health", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www2.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/selloexcelencia.aspx", "passage_original": "Al Ministerio de Salud, le han otorgado el sello de Excelencia a 35 conjuntos de datos [...] ‘Número de prestadores de servicios de salud por departamento, clase de prestador, año y naturaleza jurídica’ [...] ‘Cantidad de ambulancias, camas y salas [...] por departamento, año y naturaleza jurídica’.", "passage_english": "The Ministry of Health has received the Excellence Seal for 35 datasets [...] ‘Number of health-service providers by department, provider class, year and legal nature’ [...] ‘Number of ambulances, beds and rooms [...] by department, year and legal nature.’", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The Ministry identifies official datasets capable of stratifying providers and capacity by legal nature, but this page does not itself provide a current national ownership total.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact dataset titles verified on the current Ministry page." }, { "source_id": "CR-01", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "Junta Directiva Acta 9134 / Article 62 contribution rule", "title_english": "Board of Directors Minutes 9134 / Article 62 Contribution Rule", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2020", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/arc/actas/2020/10/9134.pdf", "passage_original": "Artículo 62º De las contribuciones [...] Trabajadores: 5.50% de sus salarios. Patronos: 9.25% de los salarios de sus trabajadores. Estado como tal: 0,25% de los salarios de todos los trabajadores del país.", "passage_english": "Article 62 — Contributions [...] Workers: 5.50% of wages. Employers: 9.25% of their workers' wages. The State as such: 0.25% of the wages of all workers in the country.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Salaried-worker health insurance is financed through compulsory tripartite contributions totaling 15.0% of the contribution base.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact article text verified in the official CCSS board minutes." }, { "source_id": "CR-02", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "Hospitales", "title_english": "Hospitals", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/hospitales", "passage_original": "Hospitales de la CCSS [...] Total de Hospitales 29; Nacionales 3; Especializados 6; Regionales 8; Periféricos 1: 5; Periféricos 2: 3; Periféricos 3: 4.", "passage_english": "CCSS Hospitals [...] Total hospitals: 29; National: 3; Specialized: 6; Regional: 8; Peripheral 1: 5; Peripheral 2: 3; Peripheral 3: 4.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "CCSS directly presents a 29-hospital institutional network by functional tier; this is a CCSS network count, not necessarily every hospital in Costa Rica.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact live directory totals verified." }, { "source_id": "CR-03", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "App EDUS – centros de salud", "title_english": "EDUS App — Health Centers", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/appedus/", "passage_original": "Aplicación oficial de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social [...] Centros de Atención con EDUS [...] AREA DE SALUD BARVA (COOPESIBA).", "passage_english": "Official application of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund [...] Care Centers with EDUS [...] Barva Health Area (COOPESIBA).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official CCSS network list includes a provider labeled COOPESIBA, but this page alone does not establish its ownership or contracting arrangement.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact text verified. Correct the associated claim if it treats this directory label alone as proof of cooperative ownership/contracting; that requires a separate legal or contracting source." }, { "source_id": "CR-04", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 1, 2 ], "dimension": "Medical education; Postgraduate training", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "specialist-training programme release", "title_english": "CCSS Launches Medical-Specialty Programme under Agreements with UCR, UCIMED and UNIBE", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/noticias/noticia?v=122020402306", "passage_original": "El Cendeisss dispondrá de un total de 211 códigos presupuestarios o plazas para la formación de médicos especialistas.", "passage_english": "CENDEISSS will have a total of 211 budget codes or posts for training medical specialists.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "CCSS/CENDEISSS budgeted 211 specialist-training posts for the 2024 intake through agreements with public and private universities.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the official CCSS news page." }, { "source_id": "CR-05", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 2, 14 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "CCSS Auditoría", "title_original": "ASALUD-0013-2024", "title_english": "ASALUD-0013-2024", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/arc/auditoria/informes/ASALUD-0013-2024.pdf", "passage_original": "No se dispuso en el presente estudio, de evidencia en relación con la definición y ejecución de estrategias institucionales dirigidas a lograr la permanencia o ‘retención’ de los médicos especialistas.", "passage_english": "This study found no evidence concerning the definition and execution of institutional strategies aimed at securing the continued service or ‘retention’ of medical specialists.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The CCSS internal audit found important planning and retention-control gaps, qualifying any claim that specialist training is fully needs-planned.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified in the official internal-audit PDF." }, { "source_id": "CR-06", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "Junta Directiva Acta 9501, 2025 training-position plan", "title_english": "Board of Directors Minutes 9501 — 2025 Training-Post Plan", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/arc/actas/2025/03/9501.pdf", "passage_original": "Las que administramos nosotros son 953 en total, de las cuales 935 son de médicos residentes, 12 son de Odontología y 6 que son de Psicología.", "passage_english": "We administer 953 in total, of which 935 are for medical residents, 12 are for dentistry and 6 are for psychology.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "CENDEISSS administered 953 residency-method posts at the time of the March 2025 board session; the figures describe existing administered posts, not merely proposed new posts.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified in the official board minutes. Correct OBS-CRI-002's metric/subsector from ‘proposed positions’ to existing administered positions; the proposal in the same passage was to create 244 additional posts." }, { "source_id": "CR-07", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "title_original": "Nueva estructura mejorará la regulación de todos los productos médicos y sanitarios", "title_english": "New Structure Will Improve Regulation of All Medical and Health Products", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/prensa/61-noticias-2024/1968-nueva-estructura-mejorara-la-regulacion-de-todos-los-productos-medicos-y-sanitarios", "passage_original": "Autoridades del Ministerio de Salud y de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) estarán analizando la nueva estructura de la Dirección de Regulación de Productos de Interés Sanitario (DRPIS), como parte de un plan de trabajo para implementar una política que busca fortalecer los sistemas regulatorios nacionales de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos.", "passage_english": "Authorities from the Ministry of Health and the Pan American Health Organization will analyze the new structure of the Directorate for Regulation of Products of Health Interest as part of a work plan to implement a policy aimed at strengthening national regulatory systems for medicines and medical devices.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The Ministry is the national regulator for medicines and devices; the source describes a regulatory reorganization, not ownership or production.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the live Ministry page; the described structure was still being developed." }, { "source_id": "CR-08", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "Lista Oficial de Medicamentos 2024", "title_english": "Official Medicines List 2024", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/arc/lom/19bee.pdf", "passage_original": "Artículo 1º El Formulario Terapéutico Nacional, es el instrumento normativo que contiene la relación oficial de medicamentos que deben ser utilizados por servicios públicos en salud.", "passage_english": "Article 1: The National Therapeutic Formulary is the normative instrument containing the official list of medicines that must be used by public health services.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The public system uses a mandatory official formulary, demonstrating centralized public formulary control; this passage does not quantify dispensing volume.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified in the official 2024 medicines-list PDF." }, { "source_id": "CR-09", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "CCSS", "title_original": "insurance/contact guidance", "title_english": "Insurance and Contact Guidance", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://aissfa.ccss.sa.cr/contacto2", "passage_original": "La persona que califique como Trabajador Independiente está obligada a cotizar para los regímenes de Salud e Invalidez, Vejez y Muerte (IVM).", "passage_english": "A person who qualifies as a self-employed worker is required to contribute to the Health and Disability, Old Age and Death regimes.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "CCSS coverage is not limited to payroll employees; the official guidance establishes compulsory contribution for self-employed workers and separately addresses voluntary and pensioner coverage.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified on the current CCSS guidance page." }, { "source_id": "CZ-01", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Český statistický úřad (ČSÚ)", "title_original": "Výsledky zdravotnických účtů v ČR v letech 2010–2023", "title_english": "Results of the Czech Health Accounts, 2010–2023", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "16 Oct 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://csu.gov.cz/docs/107508/3183dddf-79c3-3d97-07bf-0660173c563e/26000525.pdf?version=1.2", "passage_original": "Veřejné zdroje – zahrnují především finanční prostředky získané v rámci povinného zdravotního pojištění…", "passage_english": "Public sources include above all funds obtained within compulsory health insurance…", "local_term": "zdroj financování", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "source of financing, not necessarily an SHA scheme owner.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Výsledky zdravotnických účtů v ČR v letech 2010–2023; Český statistický úřad (ČSÚ); published 16 Oct 2025; data year 2023. Quote: “Veřejné zdroje – zahrnují především finanční prostředky získané v rámci povinného zdravotního pojištění…” Translation: “Public sources include above all funds obtained within compulsory health insurance…” Term: zdroj financování—source of financing, not necessarily an SHA scheme owner. Direct PDF: https://csu.gov.cz/docs/107508/3183dddf-79c3-3d97-07bf-0660173c563e/26000525.pdf?version=1.2 . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-02", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 1, 4, 5 ], "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": "ČSÚ regional statistics", "title_original": "Zdravotní péče", "title_english": "Healthcare", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://csu.gov.cz/kraje-spolecne/zdravotni-pece", "passage_original": "Česko | 160 | 49 199 | 48 | 3 172 | 4 421 | 1 685 | 5 260 | 1 265 | 8 419.", "passage_english": "Czechia: 160 acute hospitals, 49,199 acute beds, 48 follow-up hospitals, 3,172 beds, [then independent office counts].", "local_term": "samostatné ordinace", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "independent offices, an organizational category.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zdravotní péče; ČSÚ regional statistics; published/updated 2025–2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Česko | 160 | 49 199 | 48 | 3 172 | 4 421 | 1 685 | 5 260 | 1 265 | 8 419.” Translation: “Czechia: 160 acute hospitals, 49,199 acute beds, 48 follow-up hospitals, 3,172 beds, [then independent office counts].” Term: samostatné ordinace—independent offices, an organizational category. URL: https://csu.gov.cz/kraje-spolecne/zdravotni-pece . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-03", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "Ústav zdravotnických informací a statistiky ČR (ÚZIS)", "title_original": "Personální kapacity ve zdravotnictví 2024", "title_english": "Healthcare workforce capacity 2024", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uzis.cz/res/f/008467/personalni-kapacity-2024.pdf", "passage_original": "Celkem … 25 248 … 241 303,5 [úvazku].", "passage_english": "Total: 25,248 [provider IDs], 241,303.5 FTE.", "local_term": "úvazek", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "full-time-equivalent workload, not a person or owner.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Personální kapacity ve zdravotnictví 2024; Ústav zdravotnických informací a statistiky ČR (ÚZIS); published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Celkem … 25 248 … 241 303,5 [úvazku].” Translation: “Total: 25,248 [provider IDs], 241,303.5 FTE.” Term: úvazek—full-time-equivalent workload, not a person or owner. URL: https://www.uzis.cz/res/f/008467/personalni-kapacity-2024.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-04", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "ÚZIS", "title_original": "Národní registr poskytovatelů zdravotních služeb – stažení dat", "title_english": "National Register of Health Service Providers — data download", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://nrpzs.uzis.cz/index.php?pg=home--download", "passage_original": "Zrizovatel … PocetLuzek.", "passage_english": "Founder … number of beds.", "local_term": "zřizovatel", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "founder, not automatically current owner.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Národní registr poskytovatelů zdravotních služeb – stažení dat; ÚZIS; current page checked 16 Aug 2026; current export month Aug 2026. Quote: “Zrizovatel … PocetLuzek.” Translation: “Founder … number of beds.” Term: zřizovatel—founder, not automatically current owner. Page: https://nrpzs.uzis.cz/index.php?pg=home--download ; direct official service export: https://nrpzs.uzis.cz/res/file/export/export-sluzby-2026-08.csv . T1; medium (page/schema high; export unavailable during collection).", "related_urls": [ "https://nrpzs.uzis.cz/res/file/export/export-sluzby-2026-08.csv" ] }, { "source_id": "CZ-05", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "pharmacies", "institution": "Státní ústav pro kontrolu léčiv (SÚKL)", "title_original": "Výroční zpráva SÚKL 2025", "title_english": "SÚKL Annual Report 2025", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sukl.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Vyrocni-zprava-SUKL-2025.pdf", "passage_original": "Ke konci roku 2025 bylo evidováno 2 449 lékáren a 201 odloučených oddělení výdeje léčiv.", "passage_english": "At end-2025, 2,449 pharmacies and 201 detached dispensing departments were recorded.", "local_term": "provozovatel lékárny", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "licensed operator, not necessarily premises owner.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Výroční zpráva SÚKL 2025; Státní ústav pro kontrolu léčiv (SÚKL); published June 2026; data year 2025. Quote: “Ke konci roku 2025 bylo evidováno 2 449 lékáren a 201 odloučených oddělení výdeje léčiv.” Translation: “At end-2025, 2,449 pharmacies and 201 detached dispensing departments were recorded.” Term: provozovatel lékárny—licensed operator, not necessarily premises owner. URL: https://sukl.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Vyrocni-zprava-SUKL-2025.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-06", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministerstvo zdravotnictví ČR (MZ)", "title_original": "Zdravotní pojišťovny", "title_english": "Health insurance companies", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "23 Feb 2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/zdravotni-pojistovny/", "passage_original": "Tento počet se postupem času zredukoval na současných sedm.", "passage_english": "This number has gradually been reduced to the current seven.", "local_term": "zdravotní pojišťovna", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statutory insurer/legal person and purchaser.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zdravotní pojišťovny; Ministerstvo zdravotnictví ČR (MZ); updated 23 Feb 2026. Quote: “Tento počet se postupem času zredukoval na současných sedm.” Translation: “This number has gradually been reduced to the current seven.” Term: zdravotní pojišťovna—statutory insurer/legal person and purchaser. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/zdravotni-pojistovny/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-07", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Zákony pro lidi (statutory consolidation)", "title_original": "592/1992 Sb., Zákon o pojistném na veřejné zdravotní pojištění, consolidated text", "title_english": "Act No. 592/1992 on public health-insurance premiums, consolidated text", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1992-592?text=592%2F1992", "passage_original": "Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna České republiky zřizuje a spravuje zvláštní účet veřejného zdravotního pojištění.", "passage_english": "VZP establishes and administers the special public-health-insurance account.", "local_term": "zvláštní účet", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statutory redistribution account.", "evidence_tier": "T3 statutory consolidation", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "592/1992 Sb., Zákon o pojistném na veřejné zdravotní pojištění, consolidated text; effective text checked 2026. Quote: “Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna České republiky zřizuje a spravuje zvláštní účet veřejného zdravotního pojištění.” Translation: “VZP establishes and administers the special public-health-insurance account.” Term: zvláštní účet—statutory redistribution account. URL: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1992-592?text=592%2F1992 . T3 statutory consolidation; high on quoted text, medium on publisher tier." }, { "source_id": "CZ-08", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Úhradová vyhláška 2025 (Vyhláška 314/2024 Sb.)", "title_english": "2025 reimbursement decree (Decree No. 314/2024)", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/uhradova-vyhlaska-2025/", "passage_original": "o stanovení hodnot bodu, výše úhrad za hrazené služby a regulačních omezení pro rok 2025.", "passage_english": "on setting point values, reimbursement amounts for covered services, and regulatory limits for 2025.", "local_term": "úhrada", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "payer reimbursement, not unrestricted provider price.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Úhradová vyhláška 2025 (Vyhláška 314/2024 Sb.); MZ; published 2024, effective 2025. Quote: “o stanovení hodnot bodu, výše úhrad za hrazené služby a regulačních omezení pro rok 2025.” Translation: “on setting point values, reimbursement amounts for covered services, and regulatory limits for 2025.” Term: úhrada—payer reimbursement, not unrestricted provider price. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/uhradova-vyhlaska-2025/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-09", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": "SÚKL", "title_original": "Registr zdravotnických prostředků / RZPRO information", "title_english": "Medical-device register / RZPRO information", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sukl.gov.cz/zdravotnicke-prostredky/aktuality-zp/hromadne-prodlouzeni-notifikaci-v-rzpro-v-souvislosti-s-odlozenim-povinneho-spusteni-eudamed/", "passage_original": "notifikované výrobcem / zplnomocněným zástupcem / dovozcem v Registru zdravotnických prostředků.", "passage_english": "notified by the manufacturer/authorized representative/importer in the Medical Device Register.", "local_term": "notifikace", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "regulatory notification, not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Registr zdravotnických prostředků / RZPRO information; SÚKL; current to 2026. Quote: “notifikované výrobcem / zplnomocněným zástupcem / dovozcem v Registru zdravotnických prostředků.” Translation: “notified by the manufacturer/authorized representative/importer in the Medical Device Register.” Term: notifikace—regulatory notification, not ownership. URL: https://sukl.gov.cz/zdravotnicke-prostredky/aktuality-zp/hromadne-prodlouzeni-notifikaci-v-rzpro-v-souvislosti-s-odlozenim-povinneho-spusteni-eudamed/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-10", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": "Agentura pro zdravotnický výzkum ČR (AZV)/MZ", "title_original": "Vyhlášení výsledku jednostupňové veřejné soutěže … VES 2025/J", "title_english": "Results of the single-stage public competition, VES 2025/J", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025–2028", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.azvcr.cz/vyhlaseni-vysledku-jednostupnove-verejne-souteze-o-ucelovou-podporu-mz-na-leta-2025-2028-ves-2025-j/", "passage_original": "alokace … 203 726 000 Kč pro rok 2025 … financovat celkem 95 projektů.", "passage_english": "allocation of CZK 203,726,000 for 2025 … financing 95 projects.", "local_term": "účelová podpora", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "earmarked competitive public research funding.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Vyhlášení výsledku jednostupňové veřejné soutěže … VES 2025/J; Agentura pro zdravotnický výzkum ČR (AZV)/MZ; published 2025; funding years 2025–2028. Quote: “alokace … 203 726 000 Kč pro rok 2025 … financovat celkem 95 projektů.” Translation: “allocation of CZK 203,726,000 for 2025 … financing 95 projects.” Term: účelová podpora—earmarked competitive public research funding. URL: https://www.azvcr.cz/vyhlaseni-vysledku-jednostupnove-verejne-souteze-o-ucelovou-podporu-mz-na-leta-2025-2028-ves-2025-j/ . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-11", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 7 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": "ČSÚ", "title_original": "Ukazatele výzkumu a vývoje – 2024", "title_english": "Research and development indicators — 2024", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://csu.gov.cz/docs/107508/0b3c7b57-7417-abef-31eb-54630073bc7e/21100225t.pdf?version=1.1", "passage_original": "Výroba základních farmaceutických výrobků a farmaceutických přípravků … 27 … 17 … 10.", "passage_english": "Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and preparations: 27 [R&D performers], 17 domestically controlled, 10 foreign controlled.", "local_term": "domácí kontrola", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "domestic control, not state ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Ukazatele výzkumu a vývoje – 2024; ČSÚ; published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Výroba základních farmaceutických výrobků a farmaceutických přípravků … 27 … 17 … 10.” Translation: “Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and preparations: 27 [R&D performers], 17 domestically controlled, 10 foreign controlled.” Term: domácí kontrola—domestic control, not state ownership. URL: https://csu.gov.cz/docs/107508/0b3c7b57-7417-abef-31eb-54630073bc7e/21100225t.pdf?version=1.1 . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-12", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": "SÚKL", "title_original": "Věstník SÚKL 2/2025", "title_english": "SÚKL Bulletin 2/2025", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sukl.gov.cz/publikacni-cinnost/vestnik-sukl/vestnik-2-2025/", "passage_original": "Seznam povolených výrobců a distributorů léčivých přípravků.", "passage_english": "List of authorized manufacturers and distributors of medicinal products.", "local_term": "povolený výrobce", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "licensed manufacturer, not public producer.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Věstník SÚKL 2/2025; SÚKL; Feb 2025. Quote: “Seznam povolených výrobců a distributorů léčivých přípravků.” Translation: “List of authorized manufacturers and distributors of medicinal products.” Term: povolený výrobce—licensed manufacturer, not public producer. URL: https://sukl.gov.cz/publikacni-cinnost/vestnik-sukl/vestnik-2-2025/ . T1; high for licensing; low for ownership (not claimed)." }, { "source_id": "CZ-13", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": "Univerzita Karlova", "title_original": "Přijímací řízení – Všeobecné lékařství", "title_english": "Admissions — General Medicine", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025/26", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://is.cuni.cz/studium/prijimacky/index.php?do=detail_obor&id_obor=32135", "passage_original": "Forma studia: prezenční; Doba studia: 6 let.", "passage_english": "Form of study: full-time; duration: six years.", "local_term": "všeobecné lékařství", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "general medicine degree.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Přijímací řízení – Všeobecné lékařství; Univerzita Karlova; 2025/26 program. Quote: “Forma studia: prezenční; Doba studia: 6 let.” Translation: “Form of study: full-time; duration: six years.” Term: všeobecné lékařství—general medicine degree. URL: https://is.cuni.cz/studium/prijimacky/index.php?do=detail_obor&id_obor=32135 . T2; high for program structure." }, { "source_id": "CZ-14", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Výzva a metodika … rezidenční místo pro rok 2025 – specializační vzdělávání lékařů", "title_english": "2025 residency-place state-budget grant call and methodology — physician specialty training", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "20 Dec 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/vyzva-a-metodika-pro-zadatele-o-dotaci-ze-statniho-rozpoctu-na-rezidencni-misto-pro-rok-2025-a-formulare-zadosti-o-poskytnuti-dotace-pro-rok-2025-specializacni-vzdelavani-lekaru/", "passage_original": "dotaci ze státního rozpočtu na rezidenční místo pro rok 2025.", "passage_english": "state-budget grant for a residency place for 2025.", "local_term": "rezidenční místo", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "subsidized specialty-training post.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Výzva a metodika … rezidenční místo pro rok 2025 – specializační vzdělávání lékařů; MZ; published 20 Dec 2024, updated 2025. Quote: “dotaci ze státního rozpočtu na rezidenční místo pro rok 2025.” Translation: “state-budget grant for a residency place for 2025.” Term: rezidenční místo—subsidized specialty-training post. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/vyzva-a-metodika-pro-zadatele-o-dotaci-ze-statniho-rozpoctu-na-rezidencni-misto-pro-rok-2025-a-formulare-zadosti-o-poskytnuti-dotace-pro-rok-2025-specializacni-vzdelavani-lekaru/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-15", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "ambulatory-care", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Ministerstvo zdravotnictví představilo aktuální data z primární péče…", "title_english": "The Ministry of Health presented current primary-care data and steps to improve access", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/tiskove-centrum-mz/ministerstvo-zdravotnictvi-predstavilo-aktualni-data-z-primarni-pece-a-kroky-na-podporu-jeji-dostupnosti/", "passage_original": "registrováno u praktického lékaře téměř 95 % pojištěnců, to je 10,35 milionu z celkových 10,9 milionu.", "passage_english": "Almost 95% of insured people are registered with a GP—10.35m of 10.9m.", "local_term": "registrace u praktického lékaře", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "patient list registration, not practice ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Ministerstvo zdravotnictví představilo aktuální data z primární péče…; MZ; published 2025. Quote: “registrováno u praktického lékaře téměř 95 % pojištěnců, to je 10,35 milionu z celkových 10,9 milionu.” Translation: “Almost 95% of insured people are registered with a GP—10.35m of 10.9m.” Term: registrace u praktického lékaře—patient list registration, not practice ownership. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/tiskove-centrum-mz/ministerstvo-zdravotnictvi-predstavilo-aktualni-data-z-primarni-pece-a-kroky-na-podporu-jeji-dostupnosti/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-16", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "SÚKL", "title_original": "Seznam cen a úhrad LP/PZLÚ k 1. 1. 2025", "title_english": "List of medicine and special-food prices and reimbursements as of 1 January 2025", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sukl.gov.cz/ceny-a-uhrady-leciv/seznam-leciv-a-pzlu-hrazenych-ze-zdravotniho-pojisteni/seznam-cen-a-uhrad-lp-pzlu-k-1-1-2025/", "passage_original": "maximální cena výrobce … výše a podmínky úhrady … započitatelný doplatek.", "passage_english": "maximum manufacturer price … reimbursement amount/conditions … countable copayment.", "local_term": "maximální cena výrobce", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "regulated manufacturer ceiling.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Seznam cen a úhrad LP/PZLÚ k 1. 1. 2025; SÚKL; effective Jan 2025. Quote: “maximální cena výrobce … výše a podmínky úhrady … započitatelný doplatek.” Translation: “maximum manufacturer price … reimbursement amount/conditions … countable copayment.” Term: maximální cena výrobce—regulated manufacturer ceiling. URL: https://sukl.gov.cz/ceny-a-uhrady-leciv/seznam-leciv-a-pzlu-hrazenych-ze-zdravotniho-pojisteni/seznam-cen-a-uhrad-lp-pzlu-k-1-1-2025/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-17", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Cenová regulace zdravotnických prostředků", "title_english": "Medical-device price regulation", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/category/agendy-ministerstva/zdravotnicke-prostredky/cenova-regulace-zdravotnicke-prostredky/", "passage_original": "Cenový předpis Ministerstva zdravotnictví č. 3/2026/OLZP.", "passage_english": "Ministry of Health Price Regulation No. 3/2026/OLZP.", "local_term": "cenový předpis", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "price regulation, not purchasing contract.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Cenová regulace zdravotnických prostředků; MZ; current measures through 2026. Quote: “Cenový předpis Ministerstva zdravotnictví č. 3/2026/OLZP.” Translation: “Ministry of Health Price Regulation No. 3/2026/OLZP.” Term: cenový předpis—price regulation, not purchasing contract. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/category/agendy-ministerstva/zdravotnicke-prostredky/cenova-regulace-zdravotnicke-prostredky/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-18", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 10 ], "dimension": "healthcare-research", "institution": "AZV", "title_original": "Výroční zpráva 2024", "title_english": "Annual Report 2024", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.azvcr.cz/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/VZ_2024_Final.pdf", "passage_original": "více než 1 000 podpořených projektů, přes 11 miliard korun investovaných do aplikovaného zdravotnického výzkumu.", "passage_english": "more than 1,000 supported projects and over CZK 11bn invested in applied health research.", "local_term": "aplikovaný zdravotnický výzkum", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "applied health research.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Výroční zpráva 2024; AZV; published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “více než 1 000 podpořených projektů, přes 11 miliard korun investovaných do aplikovaného zdravotnického výzkumu.” Translation: “more than 1,000 supported projects and over CZK 11bn invested in applied health research.” Term: aplikovaný zdravotnický výzkum—applied health research. URL: https://www.azvcr.cz/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/VZ_2024_Final.pdf . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-19", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": "MZ project document", "title_original": "Vymezení a využívání zdravotně-sociálních služeb…", "title_english": "Definition and use of health-social services for chronically ill patients with complex needs", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Vymezeni-a-vyuzivani-zdravotne-socialnich-sluzeb-pro-chronicky-nemocne-pacienty-klienty-s-komplexnimi-potrebami_Tisk-3.pdf", "passage_original": "data do zdravotních pojišťoven vykazuje cca 30 tisíc poskytovatelů… NRHZS přebírá data od zdravotních pojišťoven.", "passage_english": "about 30,000 providers report data to health insurers … NRHZS receives data from the insurers.", "local_term": "vykazování", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "claims/activity reporting.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium-high", "notes": "Vymezení a využívání zdravotně-sociálních služeb…; MZ project document; published 2025; administrative description current at publication. Quote: “data do zdravotních pojišťoven vykazuje cca 30 tisíc poskytovatelů… NRHZS přebírá data od zdravotních pojišťoven.” Translation: “about 30,000 providers report data to health insurers … NRHZS receives data from the insurers.” Term: vykazování—claims/activity reporting. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Vymezeni-a-vyuzivani-zdravotne-socialnich-sluzeb-pro-chronicky-nemocne-pacienty-klienty-s-komplexnimi-potrebami_Tisk-3.pdf . T1; medium-high." }, { "source_id": "CZ-20", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Zdravotní pojišťovny naplňují transparenční novelu", "title_english": "Health insurers implement the transparency amendment", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": "1 Sep 2015", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2015", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/tiskove-centrum-mz/zdravotni-pojistovny-naplnuji-transparencni-novelu/", "passage_original": "Seznam webových stránek zdravotních pojišťoven se zveřejněnými smlouvami.", "passage_english": "List of insurer websites with published contracts.", "local_term": "smlouva s poskytovatelem", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "payer-provider contract.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zdravotní pojišťovny naplňují transparenční novelu; MZ; statutory change effective 1 Sep 2015, page current. Quote: “Seznam webových stránek zdravotních pojišťoven se zveřejněnými smlouvami.” Translation: “List of insurer websites with published contracts.” Term: smlouva s poskytovatelem—payer-provider contract. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/tiskove-centrum-mz/zdravotni-pojistovny-naplnuji-transparencni-novelu/ . T1; high for disclosure duty." }, { "source_id": "CZ-21", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Dokumentace programu 335 120 – Rozvoj a obnova materiálně technické základny fakultních nemocnic", "title_english": "Programme 335 120 documentation — development and renewal of faculty-hospital capital assets", "source_language": "Czech", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mzd.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Dokumentace-programu-335-120.pdf", "passage_original": "výstavba a obnova areálů fakultních nemocnic včetně přístrojového vybavení.", "passage_english": "construction and renewal of faculty-hospital campuses, including equipment.", "local_term": "materiálně technická základna", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "buildings/equipment capital base.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Dokumentace programu 335 120 – Rozvoj a obnova materiálně technické základny fakultních nemocnic; MZ; published Apr 2026; program years as document. Quote: “výstavba a obnova areálů fakultních nemocnic včetně přístrojového vybavení.” Translation: “construction and renewal of faculty-hospital campuses, including equipment.” Term: materiálně technická základna—buildings/equipment capital base. URL: https://mzd.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Dokumentace-programu-335-120.pdf . T1; high for MZ subsector. ### Slovak Republic (24 sources)" }, { "source_id": "DK-1", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Danmarks Statistik", "title_original": "“Sundhedsudgifterne faldt med 2 pct. i 2023.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Danish", "publication_date": "2024-04-29", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/udgivelser/NytHtml?cid=48374", "passage_original": "De offentlige ordninger finansierede 83,5 pct.", "passage_english": "Public schemes financed 83.5 percent.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "Public schemes financed 83.5 percent.", "functional_meaning": "SHA financing-scheme share", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Danmarks Statistik. Published 29 April 2024; data 2023." }, { "source_id": "DK-2", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet", "title_original": "“Analyse af udviklingen i praksisformer i almen praksis.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Danish", "publication_date": "2023-08", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sum.dk/Media/638344438524356297/01Kortl%C3%A6gning%20af%20udvikling%20i%20praksisformer%20i%20almen%20praksis%20-%20august%202023.pdf", "passage_original": "Langt de fleste praksis drives ... [af] selvstændigt praktiserende læger.", "passage_english": "By far most practices are run by self-employed practising doctors.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "By far most practices are run by self-employed practising doctors.", "functional_meaning": "independent-contractor primary-care model", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet. August 2023." }, { "source_id": "DK-3", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Sundhedsdatastyrelsen", "title_original": "“Sengepladser.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Danish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sundhedsdatastyrelsen.dk/indberetning/indberetning-sei/vejledninger/sengepladser", "passage_original": "offentlige sygehuse indberetter ... disponible sengepladser.", "passage_english": "public hospitals report ... available beds.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "public hospitals report ... available beds.", "functional_meaning": "coverage is public-only; no all-sector denominator", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Sundhedsdatastyrelsen. Current reporting instruction." }, { "source_id": "DK-4", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Sundhedsdatastyrelsen", "title_original": "“Takstsystem 2026.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Danish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2026", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cdn.sundhedsdatastyrelsen.dk/sundhedsdatastyrelsen/Media/639014923392486672/Takstsystem%202026.pdf", "passage_original": "DRG-takster ... afregning mellem regionerne.", "passage_english": "DRG tariffs ... settlement between the regions.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "DRG tariffs ... settlement between the regions.", "functional_meaning": "administrative/interregional tariff, not universal provider market price", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Sundhedsdatastyrelsen. Effective 2026." }, { "source_id": "DK-5", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_ids": [ 6, 12 ], "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Amgros", "title_original": "“Rabat vi i gennemsnit har fået ...”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Danish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://amgros.dk/om-amgros/rabat-vi-i-gennemsnit-har-faaet-fra-leverandoererne-de-sidste-12-maaneder/", "passage_original": "indkøbte medicin for 10,2 mia. kr.", "passage_english": "purchased medicines for DKK10.2 billion.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "purchased medicines for DKK10.2 billion.", "functional_meaning": "region-owned pooled hospital procurement/negotiation", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Amgros. 2024 purchase data." }, { "source_id": "DK-6", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Statens Serum Institut", "title_original": "“Statens vaccineproduktion solgt til AJ Vaccines Holding ApS.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Danish", "publication_date": "2017-01-16", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2017", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ssi.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2017/2017-01-16-statens-vaccineproduktion-solgt", "passage_original": "solgt alle aktierne til AJ Vaccines Holding ApS.", "passage_english": "sold all the shares to AJ Vaccines Holding ApS.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "sold all the shares to AJ Vaccines Holding ApS.", "functional_meaning": "current public supply responsibility does not equal public manufacture", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Statens Serum Institut. Edited 16 January 2017." }, { "source_id": "EE-01", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tervise Arengu Instituut (TAI)", "title_original": "“RV21: Haigla ravivoodite kasutamine haigla omaniku liigi järgi.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 2 October 2025; data year 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.tai.ee/pxweb/et/Andmebaas/Andmebaas__04THressursid__02Ravivoodid__01Aastastatistika/RV21.px/", "passage_original": "Avalik sektor … 5 593; Erasektor … 780", "passage_english": "Public sector … 5,593; private sector … 780", "local_term": "haigla omaniku liik", "literal_meaning": "hospital owner type", "functional_meaning": "hospital owner type", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tervise Arengu Instituut (TAI). Updated 2 October 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Avalik sektor … 5 593; Erasektor … 780.” Translation: “Public sector … 5,593; private sector … 780.” Term: haigla omaniku liik, hospital owner type. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-02", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "TAI", "title_original": "“Ravivoodite statistika metaandmed.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current methodology accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.tai.ee/Resources/PX/Databases/Andmebaas/04THressursid/02Ravivoodid/01Aastastatistika/RVinfo.htm", "passage_original": "riigi ja/või kohaliku omavalitsuse kapitaliosalus … 50% või suurem", "passage_english": "state and/or local-government capital participation … 50% or greater", "local_term": "omaniku liik", "literal_meaning": "owner type", "functional_meaning": "owner type", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: TAI. Current methodology accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “riigi ja/või kohaliku omavalitsuse kapitaliosalus … 50% või suurem.” Translation: “state and/or local-government capital participation … 50% or greater.” Term: omaniku liik, owner type. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-03", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "TAI", "title_original": "“TTO20: Haiglad omaniku liigi, haigla liigi ja maakonna järgi.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 23 September 2025; data year 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.tai.ee/pxweb/et/Andmebaas/Andmebaas__04THressursid__01TTosutajad/TTO20.px/", "passage_original": "Haigla … Avalik sektor 28 … Erasektor 20", "passage_english": "Hospital … public sector 28 … private sector 20", "local_term": "haigla omaniku liik", "literal_meaning": "hospital owner type", "functional_meaning": "hospital owner type", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: TAI. Updated 23 September 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Haigla … Avalik sektor 28 … Erasektor 20.” Translation: “Hospital … public sector 28 … private sector 20.” Term: haigla omaniku liik, hospital owner type. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-04", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "TAI", "title_original": "“TTO10: Iseseisvad tervishoiuasutused omaniku liigi ja maakonna järgi.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 23 September 2025; data year 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.tai.ee/pxweb/et/Andmebaas/Andmebaas__04THressursid__01TTosutajad/TTO10.px/", "passage_original": "Perearstiabiasutus … 407", "passage_english": "Family-care establishment … 407", "local_term": "iseseisev tervishoiuasutus", "literal_meaning": "independent healthcare establishment", "functional_meaning": "independent healthcare establishment", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: TAI. Updated 23 September 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Perearstiabiasutus … 407.” Translation: “Family-care establishment … 407.” Term: iseseisev tervishoiuasutus, independent healthcare establishment. Tier T1; confidence High for provider owner, not clinician employment." }, { "source_id": "EE-05", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "TAI", "title_original": "“KK01: Tervishoiukulud teenuse ja rahastamismudeli järgi (tuhat eurot).”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "No publication date displayed; accessed 16 August 2026; data year 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.tai.ee/api/v1/et/Andmebaas/04THressursid/10Tervishoiukulud/KK01.px", "passage_original": "Leibkondade omaosalus … 669 036,935", "passage_english": "Household out-of-pocket share … €669,036.935 thousand", "local_term": "rahastamismudel", "literal_meaning": "financing scheme/model", "functional_meaning": "financing scheme/model", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: TAI. No publication date displayed; accessed 16 August 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Leibkondade omaosalus … 669 036,935.” Translation: “Household out-of-pocket share … €669,036.935 thousand.” Term: rahastamismudel, financing scheme/model. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-06", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 1, 2 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tartu Ülikool", "title_original": "“Arstiteadus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Programme page for 2026/27, accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026/27", "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ut.ee/et/oppekavad/arstiteadus", "passage_original": "Õpingute kestus ja maht 6 aastat 360 EAP-d", "passage_english": "Duration and volume of study: 6 years, 360 ECTS", "local_term": "residentuur", "literal_meaning": "residency/postgraduate specialist training", "functional_meaning": "residency/postgraduate specialist training", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tartu Ülikool. Programme page for 2026/27, accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Õpingute kestus ja maht 6 aastat 360 EAP-d.” Translation: “Duration and volume of study: 6 years, 360 ECTS.” Term: residentuur, residency/postgraduate specialist training. Tier T3; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-07", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Terviseamet", "title_original": "“Terviseameti ülevaade Eesti arstkonnast: kogukond vananev ja valitseb parimas tööeas arstide nappus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Published March 2024; registry snapshot 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://terviseamet.ee/uudised/terviseameti-ulevaade-eesti-arstkonnast-kogukond-vananev-ja-valitseb-parimas-tooeas-arstide", "passage_original": "Eestis töötab oma erialal 5178 arsti", "passage_english": "5,178 physicians work in their profession in Estonia", "local_term": "tervishoiutöötajate register", "literal_meaning": "health-professional register", "functional_meaning": "health-professional register", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Terviseamet. Published March 2024; registry snapshot 2024. Quote: “Eestis töötab oma erialal 5178 arsti.” Translation: “5,178 physicians work in their profession in Estonia.” Term: tervishoiutöötajate register, health-professional register. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-08", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Riigi Teataja / Riigikogu", "title_original": "“Tervishoiuteenuste korraldamise seadus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/TTKS", "passage_original": "Perearstid võivad tegutseda füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjana või … äriühingu kaudu", "passage_english": "Family doctors may operate as sole traders or through a family-care company", "local_term": "füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja", "literal_meaning": "sole trader", "functional_meaning": "sole trader", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Riigi Teataja / Riigikogu. Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Perearstid võivad tegutseda füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjana või … äriühingu kaudu.” Translation: “Family doctors may operate as sole traders or through a family-care company.” Term: füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja, sole trader. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-09", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 11, 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tervisekassa", "title_original": "“Tervishoiuteenused.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 2 October 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://tervisekassa.ee/inimesele/arsti-ja-oendusabi/tervishoiuteenused", "passage_original": "loetelu sisaldab üle 2000 tervishoiuteenuse nimetuse ja piirhinna", "passage_english": "the list contains more than 2,000 healthcare-service names and ceiling prices", "local_term": "tervishoiuteenuste loetelu", "literal_meaning": "health-services list", "functional_meaning": "health-services list", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tervisekassa. Updated 2 October 2024. Quote: “loetelu sisaldab üle 2000 tervishoiuteenuse nimetuse ja piirhinna.” Translation: “the list contains more than 2,000 healthcare-service names and ceiling prices.” Term: tervishoiuteenuste loetelu, health-services list. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-10", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Riigi Teataja / Riigikogu", "title_original": "“Sotsiaalmaksuseadus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/111012023007", "passage_original": "ravikindlustuse osa määr on 13 protsenti", "passage_english": "the health-insurance share rate is 13 percent", "local_term": "sotsiaalmaksu ravikindlustuse osa", "literal_meaning": "health-insurance share of social tax", "functional_meaning": "health-insurance share of social tax", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Riigi Teataja / Riigikogu. Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “ravikindlustuse osa määr on 13 protsenti.” Translation: “the health-insurance share rate is 13 percent.” Term: sotsiaalmaksu ravikindlustuse osa, health-insurance share of social tax. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-11", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Riigi Teataja / Riigikogu", "title_original": "“Ravimiseadus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/120062022075", "passage_original": "enam kui 50 protsenti … peab kuuluma proviisorile", "passage_english": "more than 50 percent … must belong to a pharmacist", "local_term": "üldapteegi tegevusluba", "literal_meaning": "general-pharmacy operating licence", "functional_meaning": "general-pharmacy operating licence", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Riigi Teataja / Riigikogu. Consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “enam kui 50 protsenti … peab kuuluma proviisorile.” Translation: “more than 50 percent … must belong to a pharmacist.” Term: üldapteegi tegevusluba, general-pharmacy operating licence. Tier T1; confidence High for legal rule, not national owner count." }, { "source_id": "EE-12", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Ravimiamet", "title_original": "“Apteegistatistika.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 16 April 2026; data year 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ravimiamet.ee/statistika-ja-kokkuvotted/statistika/apteegistatistika", "passage_original": "2025. aastal oli Eestis 468 üldapteeki", "passage_english": "In 2025 Estonia had 468 general pharmacies", "local_term": "üldapteek", "literal_meaning": "general/community pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "general/community pharmacy", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Ravimiamet. Updated 16 April 2026; data year 2025. Quote: “2025. aastal oli Eestis 468 üldapteeki.” Translation: “In 2025 Estonia had 468 general pharmacies.” Term: üldapteek, general/community pharmacy. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-13", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 7 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Ravimiamet", "title_original": "“Kliiniliste uuringute kokkuvõte.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 12 January 2026; data through 2024/25.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2024/25" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ravimiamet.ee/statistika-ja-kokkuvotted/kokkuvotted/kliiniliste-uuringute-kokkuvote", "passage_original": "Ravimiamet hindab uuringu teaduslikku, õiguslikku ja eetilist külge", "passage_english": "The medicines agency assesses the scientific, legal and ethical aspects of a trial", "local_term": "kliiniline ravimiuuring", "literal_meaning": "clinical medicinal trial", "functional_meaning": "clinical medicinal trial", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Institution: Ravimiamet. Updated 12 January 2026; data through 2024/25. Quote: “Ravimiamet hindab uuringu teaduslikku, õiguslikku ja eetilist külge.” Translation: “The medicines agency assesses the scientific, legal and ethical aspects of a trial.” Term: kliiniline ravimiuuring, clinical medicinal trial. Tier T2; confidence Medium because annual figures are partly graphical." }, { "source_id": "EE-14", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Ravimiamet", "title_original": "“Ravimiameti aastaraamat 2023.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Published 2024; stock date 1 January 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ravimiamet.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2024-08/240813_ravimiameti_aastaraamat_2023.pdf", "passage_original": "24 ravimite tootmise tegevusloa omajat 26 tegevuskohas", "passage_english": "24 holders of medicine-manufacturing licences at 26 sites", "local_term": "tootmise tegevusloa omaja", "literal_meaning": "manufacturing-licence holder", "functional_meaning": "manufacturing-licence holder", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Ravimiamet. Published 2024; stock date 1 January 2024. Quote: “24 ravimite tootmise tegevusloa omajat 26 tegevuskohas.” Translation: “24 holders of medicine-manufacturing licences at 26 sites.” Term: tootmise tegevusloa omaja, manufacturing-licence holder. Tier T2; confidence High for licensed sites, Low for ownership (not supplied)." }, { "source_id": "EE-15", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Ravimiamet", "title_original": "“Ravimite ja toimeainete tootmine.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ravimiamet.ee/ravimid-ja-ohutus/ravimi-kaitlemine/ravimite-ja-toimeainete-tootmine", "passage_original": "Ravimite tootmiseks peab olema ravimite tootmise tegevusluba", "passage_english": "Manufacturing medicines requires a medicine-manufacturing licence", "local_term": "toimeaine tootmine", "literal_meaning": "active-substance manufacturing", "functional_meaning": "active-substance manufacturing", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Ravimiamet. Current page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Ravimite tootmiseks peab olema ravimite tootmise tegevusluba.” Translation: “Manufacturing medicines requires a medicine-manufacturing licence.” Term: toimeaine tootmine, active-substance manufacturing. Tier T2; confidence High for regulation." }, { "source_id": "EE-16", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tartu Ülikooli genoomika instituut", "title_original": "“Eesti geenivaramu.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current page accessed 16 August 2026; donor scale current 2024–26.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2024–26" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://genomics.ut.ee/et/eesti-geenivaramu", "passage_original": "Geenivaramuga on liitunud üle 200 000 geenidoonori", "passage_english": "More than 200,000 gene donors have joined the biobank", "local_term": "vastutav töötleja", "literal_meaning": "responsible controller/processor", "functional_meaning": "responsible controller/processor", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tartu Ülikooli genoomika instituut. Current page accessed 16 August 2026; donor scale current 2024–26. Quote: “Geenivaramuga on liitunud üle 200 000 geenidoonori.” Translation: “More than 200,000 gene donors have joined the biobank.” Term: vastutav töötleja, responsible controller/processor. Tier T3; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-17", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tervisekassa", "title_original": "“Ravimite piirhinnad.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Updated 29 May 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://tervisekassa.ee/partnerile/ravimid/ravimite-piirhinnad", "passage_original": "piirhind … teise soodsaima hinnaga ravimipakendi alusel", "passage_english": "the reference price … is based on the second-cheapest medicine pack", "local_term": "piirhind", "literal_meaning": "reference reimbursement price", "functional_meaning": "reference reimbursement price", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tervisekassa. Updated 29 May 2025. Quote: “piirhind … teise soodsaima hinnaga ravimipakendi alusel.” Translation: “the reference price … is based on the second-cheapest medicine pack.” Term: piirhind, reference reimbursement price. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-18", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tervisekassa", "title_original": "“Meditsiiniseadmete loetelu tutvustus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://tervisekassa.ee/partnerile/raviasutusele/meditsiiniseadmed/tutvustus", "passage_original": "piirhind arvutatakse teise võrreldava meditsiiniseadme ühikuhinna alusel", "passage_english": "the reference price is calculated from the second comparable device’s unit price", "local_term": "meditsiiniseadme piirhind", "literal_meaning": "medical-device reference price", "functional_meaning": "medical-device reference price", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tervisekassa. Current page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “piirhind arvutatakse teise võrreldava meditsiiniseadme ühikuhinna alusel.” Translation: “the reference price is calculated from the second comparable device’s unit price.” Term: meditsiiniseadme piirhind, medical-device reference price. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-19", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Tervisekassa", "title_original": "“Terviseportaal.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Current page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://tervisekassa.ee/tervisekassa/e-tervise-tooted/terviseportaal", "passage_original": "Raviarved – tervishoiuasutuste esitatud ja Tervisekassa tasutud raviarved", "passage_english": "Treatment claims—claims submitted by providers and paid by Tervisekassa", "local_term": "raviarve", "literal_meaning": "treatment claim", "functional_meaning": "treatment claim", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Tervisekassa. Current page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Raviarved – tervishoiuasutuste esitatud ja Tervisekassa tasutud raviarved.” Translation: “Treatment claims—claims submitted by providers and paid by Tervisekassa.” Term: raviarve, treatment claim. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "EE-20", "iso3": "EST", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Sotsiaalministeerium", "title_original": "“Valitsus kiitis heaks haiglavõrgu arengusuunad aastani 2040.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Estonian", "publication_date": "Published 19 December 2024; planning horizon 2040.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2040" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sm.ee/uudised/valitsus-kiitis-heaks-haiglavorgu-arengusuunad-aastani-2040", "passage_original": "haiglavõrgu arengusuunad aastani 2040", "passage_english": "hospital-network development directions to 2040", "local_term": "haiglavõrk", "literal_meaning": "hospital network", "functional_meaning": "hospital network", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Sotsiaalministeerium. Published 19 December 2024; planning horizon 2040. Quote: “haiglavõrgu arengusuunad aastani 2040.” Translation: “hospital-network development directions to 2040.” Term: haiglavõrk, hospital network. Tier T2; confidence High for public planning, not every capital decision." }, { "source_id": "FI-1", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "title_original": "“Suomen tilastollinen vuosikirja 2025,” table 10.8 “Sairaalat ja sairaansijat 1950–2024.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Finnish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://otos.stat.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/fb1297b1-1607-4ea2-b303-8f993b9c5daa/content", "passage_original": "Valtion sairaalat ... 489; Kunnalliset ... 13 948; Yksityiset ... 449.", "passage_english": "State hospitals 489; municipal 13,948; private 449 [beds].", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "State hospitals 489; municipal 13,948; private 449 [beds].", "functional_meaning": "14,437/14,886 public bed-equivalents; footnote calculates from patient-days", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Tilastokeskus. Published 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "FI-2", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "title_original": "same yearbook, table 10.2 “Terveydenhuoltomenojen rahoitus 2010–2022.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Finnish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://otos.stat.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/fb1297b1-1607-4ea2-b303-8f993b9c5daa/content", "passage_original": "Julkinen rahoitus ... 78,6; Kotitaloudet ... 16,2.", "passage_english": "Public financing 78.6; households 16.2 [percent].", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "Public financing 78.6; households 16.2 [percent].", "functional_meaning": "pre-2023 source financing, not current post-reform institutional split", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Tilastokeskus. Published 2025; 2022 preliminary, excluding investments." }, { "source_id": "FI-3", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Valtiovarainministeriö/Valtioneuvosto", "title_original": "“Julkisen talouden suunnitelma 2026–2029.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Finnish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026–2029 planning period", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/702374e6-1ed7-4940-8559-4865dc4c29d0/content", "passage_original": "hyvinvointialueiden rahoitus on yleiskatteista.", "passage_english": "wellbeing-county funding is general-purpose.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "wellbeing-county funding is general-purpose.", "functional_meaning": "state block/general funding, county allocation discretion", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Valtiovarainministeriö/Valtioneuvosto. 2025 planning document." }, { "source_id": "FI-4", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Valtioneuvosto/Ministry of Finance", "title_original": "“Kymmenelle hyvinvointialueelle lainanottovaltuutta vuodelle 2027.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Finnish", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": "2027", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://valtioneuvosto.fi/-/10623/kymmenelle-hyvinvointialueelle-lainanottovaltuutta-vuodelle-2027", "passage_original": "Valtioneuvosto päättää vuosittain ... lainanottovaltuudesta.", "passage_english": "The Government decides annually on borrowing authorization.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "The Government decides annually on borrowing authorization.", "functional_meaning": "central capital gate", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Valtioneuvosto/Ministry of Finance. 2026 decision notice; applies 2027." }, { "source_id": "FI-5", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Lääkkeiden hintalautakunta (Hila)", "title_original": "“Enimmäistukkuhinnan alentaminen.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Finnish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hila.fi/viitehintajarjestelma/enimmaistukkuhinnan-alentaminen/", "passage_original": "vahvistettu enimmäistukkuhinta.", "passage_english": "confirmed maximum wholesale price.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "confirmed maximum wholesale price.", "functional_meaning": "statutory reimbursement-price ceiling", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Lääkkeiden hintalautakunta (Hila). Current page." }, { "source_id": "FR-1", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "DREES", "title_original": "Les établissements de santé en 2023 – édition 2025", "title_english": "Health establishments in 2023 – 2025 edition", "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025-05-22", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/publications-communique-de-presse-documents-de-reference/panoramas-de-la-drees/250522_Panorama_etablissements-de-sante2025", "passage_original": "1 330 établissements publics, 978 établissements privés à but lucratif et 657 établissements privés à but non lucratif ; 131 915 ; 187 565", "passage_english": "1,330 public, 978 private for-profit and 657 private nonprofit establishments; 131,915 public and 187,565 total MCO beds.", "local_term": "établissement public ; MCO", "literal_meaning": "public establishment; medicine, surgery, obstetrics/odontology", "functional_meaning": "official public institutional category; MCO is a narrower acute somatic bed scope", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "MCO bed counts cannot be generalized to all hospital beds." }, { "source_id": "FR-2", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DREES", "title_original": "Les dépenses de santé en 2024 – édition 2025", "title_english": "Health expenditure in 2024 – 2025 edition", "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025-09-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/publications-communique-de-presse-infographie-documents-de-reference/250930-Panorama-d%C3%A9penses-de-sant%C3%A9", "passage_original": "administrations publiques … 79,4 % ; organismes complémentaires … 12,8 % ; ménages … 7,8 %", "passage_english": "public administrations 79.4%; complementary organizations 12.8%; households 7.8%.", "local_term": "CSBM", "literal_meaning": "consumption of medical care and goods", "functional_meaning": "national-account care basket narrower than DCSi", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated 2026-05-18; percentages are CSBM financing shares." }, { "source_id": "FR-3", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "AP-HP AGEPS", "title_original": "L’Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé", "title_english": "The General Agency for Health Equipment and Products", "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024-09" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ageps.aphp.fr/lagence-generale-des-equipement-produits-de-sante/", "passage_original": "arrêt des ateliers de production Formes Orales Solides et passage en 100% sous-traitance", "passage_english": "closure of the solid-oral-form production workshops and transition to 100% subcontracting.", "local_term": "sous-traitance", "literal_meaning": "subcontracting", "functional_meaning": "third-party physical production while public product/regulatory functions may remain", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current page accessed 2026-08-16." }, { "source_id": "FR-4", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Légifrance", "title_original": "Loi n° 2019-774 du 24 juillet 2019 relative à l’organisation et à la transformation du système de santé", "title_english": "Law No. 2019-774 of 24 July 2019 on organization and transformation of the health system", "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2019-07-24", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current reform basis" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000038821260", "passage_original": "des objectifs nationaux pluriannuels relatifs au nombre de professionnels de santé à former", "passage_english": "multi-year national objectives concerning the number of health professionals to train.", "local_term": "numerus apertus", "literal_meaning": "open number", "functional_meaning": "capacity governed by national objectives and university resources, not unlimited entry", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Older law retained as the current reform foundation." }, { "source_id": "C2", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser: Trägerdefinition", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Gesundheit/Krankenhauser/Publikationen/_publikationen-innen-grunddaten-krankenhaus.html", "passage_original": "mehr als 50 Prozent … Nennkapitals oder Stimmrechts.", "passage_english": "more than 50% … of nominal capital or voting rights.", "local_term": "öffentlicher Träger in privater Rechtsform", "literal_meaning": "public sponsor in private-law form", "functional_meaning": "majority publicly controlled company", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "2024 statistical series/method." }, { "source_id": "D1", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Ärztinnen und Ärzte", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/themen/gesundheitswesen/gesundheitsberufe/aerzte/seite", "passage_original": "sechs Jahre und 5.500 Stunden.", "passage_english": "six years and 5,500 hours.", "local_term": "Approbation", "literal_meaning": "licence/approval", "functional_meaning": "unrestricted state licence to practise medicine", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "D10", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "Forschung und Entwicklung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Forschung-Entwicklung/_inhalt.html", "passage_original": "137,1 Milliarden Euro … 3,17 %.", "passage_english": "€137.1 billion … 3.17%.", "local_term": "Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben", "literal_meaning": "R&D expenditure", "functional_meaning": "all-sector GERD, not health-specific", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 2026; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "D11", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt für Justiz", "title_original": "Arzneimittelgesetz, §13 Herstellungserlaubnis", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amg_1976/__13.html", "passage_original": "bedarf einer Erlaubnis der zuständigen Behörde.", "passage_english": "requires authorization from the competent authority.", "local_term": "Herstellungserlaubnis", "literal_meaning": "manufacturing authorization", "functional_meaning": "regulator licence, not ownership", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current law at 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "D12", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Bundeswehr", "title_original": "Apothekerinnen und Apotheker in der Bundeswehr", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/unterstuetzungsbereich/sanitaetsdienst/apothekerinnen-apotheker-bundeswehr", "passage_original": "eigene Herstellungsstätte … wichtige Arzneimittel.", "passage_english": "own production site … important medicines.", "local_term": "Bundeswehrapotheke", "literal_meaning": "armed-forces pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "bounded military pharmacy/logistics/manufacturing node", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "20 Mar 2025; current operations." }, { "source_id": "D13", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte", "title_original": "Medizinprodukte", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bfarm.de/DE/Medizinprodukte/_node.html", "passage_original": "Überwachung … obliegt den zuständigen Landesbehörden.", "passage_english": "Surveillance … is the responsibility of the competent Land authorities.", "local_term": "Konformitätsbewertung", "literal_meaning": "conformity assessment", "functional_meaning": "manufacturer/notified-body market-access process", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "D14", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "GKV-Spitzenverband", "title_original": "Festbeträge für Hilfsmittel", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gkv-spitzenverband.de/krankenversicherung/hilfsmittel/festbetraege_3/festbetraege.jsp", "passage_original": "Höchstbetrag und kein Fixpreis.", "passage_english": "A maximum amount and not a fixed price.", "local_term": "Hilfsmittel-Festbetrag", "literal_meaning": "assistive-device fixed amount", "functional_meaning": "maximum reimbursable/contract price for group", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 6 Mar 2025; current product groups." }, { "source_id": "D15", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "Gesundheitsausgaben nach Ausgabenträgern", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Gesundheit/Gesundheitsausgaben/Tabellen/ausgabentraeger.html", "passage_original": "Insgesamt 538 207.", "passage_english": "Total €538,207 million.", "local_term": "Ausgabenträger", "literal_meaning": "expenditure bearer/payer", "functional_meaning": "institution ultimately paying in the account, not financing source or owner", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Released 8 Apr 2026; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "D16", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Gesundheitsfonds", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/gesundheitsfonds", "passage_original": "Beiträge … sowie ein Bundeszuschuss.", "passage_english": "Contributions … as well as a federal subsidy.", "local_term": "Risikostrukturausgleich", "literal_meaning": "risk-structure equalization", "functional_meaning": "risk-adjusted allocation among sickness funds", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 16 Dec 2025; current system." }, { "source_id": "D17", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 12, 14 ], "dimension": "Price-setting; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Krankenhausfinanzierung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/krankenhausfinanzierung", "passage_original": "duale Finanzierung … Investitionskosten … Länder.", "passage_english": "dual financing … investment costs … Länder.", "local_term": "duale Finanzierung", "literal_meaning": "dual finance", "functional_meaning": "Länder capital and insurer operating-payment channels", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated Jan 2026; current framework, 2024 expenditure cited." }, { "source_id": "D18", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Ärztliche Vergütung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/aerztliche-verguetung", "passage_original": "Einheitlichen Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM).", "passage_english": "Uniform Value Scale (EBM).", "local_term": "Gesamtvergütung", "literal_meaning": "total remuneration", "functional_meaning": "regional sickness-fund payment to KV for statutory ambulatory services", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 29 Apr 2026; current rules, 2025 amount context." }, { "source_id": "D19", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Arzneimittelpreise", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/arzneimittelpreise", "passage_original": "Hersteller … Abgabepreis … zunächst frei festlegen.", "passage_english": "Manufacturers may initially set the selling price freely.", "local_term": "Erstattungsbetrag", "literal_meaning": "reimbursement amount", "functional_meaning": "negotiated GKV price after added-benefit assessment", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 10 Nov 2025; current framework." }, { "source_id": "D2", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Bundesärztekammer", "title_original": "(Muster-)Weiterbildungsordnung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/themen/aerzte/aus-fort-und-weiterbildung/aerztliche-weiterbildung/muster-weiterbildungsordnung", "passage_original": "rechtlich unverbindlichen empfehlenden Charakter.", "passage_english": "legally non-binding recommendatory character.", "local_term": "Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung", "literal_meaning": "model training regulation", "functional_meaning": "national chamber template; Land chamber rules bind", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 3 Jul 2026; current framework." }, { "source_id": "D20", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Patientenquittung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/themen/praevention/patientenrechte/patientenquittung/", "passage_original": "können … eine Patientenquittung verlangen.", "passage_english": "may request a patient receipt.", "local_term": "Patientenquittung", "literal_meaning": "patient receipt", "functional_meaning": "information on billed statutory services/costs", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 11 Mar 2026; current right." }, { "source_id": "D21", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss", "title_original": "Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser für 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.g-ba.de/service/fachnews/236/", "passage_original": "jährlich einen strukturierten Qualitätsbericht.", "passage_english": "an annual structured quality report.", "local_term": "strukturierter Qualitätsbericht", "literal_meaning": "structured quality report", "functional_meaning": "mandatory hospital structure/quality disclosure", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "18 Mar 2026; data/report year 2024." }, { "source_id": "D22", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Gesundheit/Krankenhauser/Publikationen/_publikationen-innen-grunddaten-krankenhaus.html", "passage_original": "Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser 2024.", "passage_english": "Basic data on hospitals 2024.", "local_term": "Träger", "literal_meaning": "sponsor/bearer", "functional_meaning": "statistical owner/control grouping", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "D23", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss", "title_original": "Frühe Nutzenbewertung nach §35a SGB V", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.g-ba.de/themen/arzneimittel/arzneimittel-richtlinie-anlagen/nutzenbewertung-35a/", "passage_original": "Zusatznutzen … Grundlage für die Vereinbarung des Erstattungsbetrags.", "passage_english": "Added benefit … basis for agreeing the reimbursement amount.", "local_term": "frühe Nutzenbewertung", "literal_meaning": "early benefit assessment", "functional_meaning": "post-launch comparative assessment for reimbursement negotiation", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "D24", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 8, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing; Healthcare research", "institution": "Bundeswehr", "title_original": "Zentrales Institut des Sanitätsdienstes der Bundeswehr München", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/unterstuetzungsbereich/sanitaetsdienst/kommando-gesundheitsversorgung-in-koblenz/sanitaetsakademie-der-bundeswehr/zentrales-institut-des-sanitaetsdienstes-der-bw-muenchen/zentrales-institut-des-sanitaetsdienstes-der-bw-muenche", "passage_original": "Untersuchung und Begutachtung von Arzneimitteln.", "passage_english": "Examination and assessment of medicines.", "local_term": "Sanitätsdienst", "literal_meaning": "medical service", "functional_meaning": "armed-forces health organization, not civilian statutory care", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "D3", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "6,2 Millionen Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen im Jahr 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2026/01/PD26_030_23526.html", "passage_original": "6,2 Millionen Beschäftigte … 4,4 Millionen Vollzeitäquivalente.", "passage_english": "6.2 million employees … 4.4 million full-time equivalents.", "local_term": "Gesundheitspersonalrechnung", "literal_meaning": "health personnel accounts", "functional_meaning": "cross-sector employment/FTE statistical account", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "28 Jan 2026; data 31 Dec 2024." }, { "source_id": "D4", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 3, 4 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Hospitals", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "Eckzahlen der Krankenhäuser", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025–2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Gesundheit/Krankenhauser/Tabellen/eckzahlen-krankenhaeuser.html", "passage_original": "Insgesamt 1 841 472 851; öffentlich 528 221 481; freigemeinnützig 575 152 773; privat 738 98 597.", "passage_english": "Total 1,841/472,851; public 528/221,481; nonprofit 575/152,773; private 738/98,597 [hospitals/beds].", "local_term": "aufgestellte Betten", "literal_meaning": "installed beds", "functional_meaning": "annual-average available beds in hospital statistics", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published/updated 2025–26; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "D5", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "title_original": "2,0 % mehr stationäre Krankenhausbehandlungen im Jahr 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2025/11/PD25_398_231.html", "passage_original": "528 Einrichtungen 46,8 % der Krankenhausbetten.", "passage_english": "528 institutions [provided] 46.8% of hospital beds.", "local_term": "öffentliche Trägerschaft", "literal_meaning": "public sponsorship/control", "functional_meaning": "Destatis public owner/control category", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "13 Nov 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "D6", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung", "title_original": "Arztzahlstatistik 2024 – Anstellung und Teilzeit bleiben beliebt", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.kbv.de/praxis/tools-und-services/praxisnachrichten/2025/03-20/Arztzahlstatistik%202024%20%E2%80%93%20Anstellung%20und%20Teilzeit%20bleiben%20beliebt", "passage_original": "189.551 Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten … 123.752 … eigener Praxis.", "passage_english": "189,551 physicians and psychotherapists … 123,752 … [with] their own practice.", "local_term": "an der Versorgung teilnehmen", "literal_meaning": "participate in care", "functional_meaning": "authorized statutory ambulatory participant", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "20 Mar 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "D7", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 5, 14 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss", "title_original": "Bedarfsplanungs-Richtlinie", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.g-ba.de/themen/bedarfsplanung/bedarfsplanungsrichtlinie/", "passage_original": "Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen … Bedarfspläne aufzustellen.", "passage_english": "The Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians … must draw up needs plans.", "local_term": "Bedarfsplan", "literal_meaning": "needs plan", "functional_meaning": "regional/specialty statutory-care capacity/admission plan", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "D8", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "ABDA, Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverbände", "title_original": "Die Apotheke als Arbeitgeber / Spezifische Apothekenformen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024–2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.abda.de/fileadmin/user_upload/assets/Faktenblaetter/Faktenblatt_Arbeitgeber.pdf", "passage_original": "Alle öffentlichen Apotheken sind inhabergeführt.", "passage_english": "All community pharmacies are proprietor-operated.", "local_term": "inhabergeführt", "literal_meaning": "owner-managed", "functional_meaning": "pharmacist proprietor model", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 2024–25; data 2024 (counts) and 2023 (form statement).", "related_urls": [ "https://www.abda.de/fileadmin/user_upload/assets/ZDF/Zahlen-Daten-Fakten-24/ZDF_2024_15_Spezifische_Apothekenformen.pdf" ] }, { "source_id": "D9", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung", "title_original": "Rahmenprogramm Gesundheitsforschung: positive Zwischenevaluation", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gesundheitsforschung-bmbf.de/de/positive-zwischenevaluation-fur-rahmenprogramm-gesundheitsforschung-17879.php", "passage_original": "Das Rahmenprogramm läuft bis zum Jahr 2028.", "passage_english": "The framework programme runs until 2028.", "local_term": "Gesundheitsforschung", "literal_meaning": "health research", "functional_meaning": "broad public research programme, not pharmaceutical R&D alone", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "9 Aug 2024; programme through 2028." }, { "source_id": "GRC-01", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 3, 4 ], "dimension": "ownership/operator-status", "institution": "Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (ELSTAT)", "title_original": "Έρευνα Θεραπευτηρίων, έτους 2024", "title_english": "Hospital Survey, year 2024", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2026-04-01", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/2b75dac9-42ae-6566-da85-42ced068bf62", "passage_original": "“Το 2024 ο αριθμός των θεραπευτηρίων ανέρχεται στις 266 μονάδες.”", "passage_english": "“In 2024 the number of treatment institutions amounted to 266 units.” Further exact tables: NPDD 125, NPID 4, private clinics 137; deployed beds 32,754, 968 and 14,612, total 48,334.", "local_term": "*θεραπευτήριο* (statistical hospital/clinic unit), *ΝΠΔΔ/ΝΠΙΔ* (public-law/private-law person), *αναπτυγμένη κλίνη* (deployed bed).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*θεραπευτήριο* (statistical hospital/clinic unit), *ΝΠΔΔ/ΝΠΙΔ* (public-law/private-law person), *αναπτυγμένη κλίνη* (deployed bed).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 1 Apr 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Το 2024 ο αριθμός των θεραπευτηρίων ανέρχεται στις 266 μονάδες.” Translation: “In 2024 the number of treatment institutions amounted to 266 units.” Further exact tables: NPDD 125, NPID 4, private clinics 137; deployed beds 32,754, 968 and 14,612, total 48,334. Terms: *θεραπευτήριο* (statistical hospital/clinic unit), *ΝΠΔΔ/ΝΠΙΔ* (public-law/private-law person), *αναπτυγμένη κλίνη* (deployed bed). Direct URL: https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/2b75dac9-42ae-6566-da85-42ced068bf62 . Tier T1; confidence high for legal form/bed category, medium for ownership inference (which is not made)." }, { "source_id": "GRC-02", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "capacity/employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "title_original": "Κέντρα Υγείας και λοιπές μονάδες παροχής υπηρεσιών Πρωτοβάθμιας Φροντίδας Υγείας: Έτος 2024", "title_english": "Health Centres and other Primary Health Care service units: Year 2024", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025-06-25", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/96bec9ef-54cb-e7bd-1de2-3e8cdf5fbbf4", "passage_original": "“Κατά το έτος 2024 λειτούργησαν ... 312 Κέντρα Υγείας ... και 137 Τοπικές Μονάδες Υγείας.”", "passage_english": "“During 2024 ... 312 Health Centres ... and 137 Local Health Units operated.”", "local_term": "*Κέντρο Υγείας*, *ΤοΜΥ*, *ΠΦΥ*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*Κέντρο Υγείας*, *ΤοΜΥ*, *ΠΦΥ*.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 25 Jun 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Κατά το έτος 2024 λειτούργησαν ... 312 Κέντρα Υγείας ... και 137 Τοπικές Μονάδες Υγείας.” Translation: “During 2024 ... 312 Health Centres ... and 137 Local Health Units operated.” Terms: *Κέντρο Υγείας*, *ΤοΜΥ*, *ΠΦΥ*. Direct URL: https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/96bec9ef-54cb-e7bd-1de2-3e8cdf5fbbf4 . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-03", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Ελληνική Δημοκρατία / ΕΟΠΥΥ copy of Government Gazette", "title_original": "Νόμος 5157/2024, Αναμόρφωση του θεσμού του Προσωπικού Ιατρού", "title_english": "Law 5157/2024, Reform of the Personal Physician institution", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2024-11-15", "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://personaldoctors.eopyy.gov.gr/Files/N.5157%2015.11.2024.pdf", "passage_original": "“Αναμόρφωση του θεσμού του Προσωπικού Ιατρού.”", "passage_english": "“Reform of the institution of the Personal Physician.”", "local_term": "*προσωπικός ιατρός* (personal physician; longitudinal primary-care role).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*προσωπικός ιατρός* (personal physician; longitudinal primary-care role).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Effective 15 Nov 2024. Quote: “Αναμόρφωση του θεσμού του Προσωπικού Ιατρού.” Translation: “Reform of the institution of the Personal Physician.” Term: *προσωπικός ιατρός* (personal physician; longitudinal primary-care role). Direct URL: https://personaldoctors.eopyy.gov.gr/Files/N.5157%2015.11.2024.pdf . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-04", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "payment", "institution": "ΕΟΠΥΥ", "title_original": "Πρόσκληση για σύναψη σύμβασης ... Προσωπικού Ιατρού", "title_english": "Invitation to conclude a contract for Personal Physician services", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.eopyy.gov.gr/el/arthra/prosklisi-gia-synapsi-symbasis-me-ton-eopyy-gia-tin-parohi-ypiresion-prosopikou-iatrou-gia-tous-idi-symbeblimenous-prosopikous-iatrous-genikisoikogeneiakis-iatrikis-kai-esoterikis-pathologias-ton-opoion-oi-symbaseis-paratathikan-aytodikaios/", "passage_original": "“πρόσκληση για σύναψη σύμβασης με τον ΕΟΠΥΥ για την παροχή υπηρεσιών Προσωπικού Ιατρού.”", "passage_english": "“invitation to conclude a contract with EOPYY for the provision of Personal Physician services.”", "local_term": "*σύμβαση* (purchasing contract, not employment).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*σύμβαση* (purchasing contract, not employment).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025; current contracting round. Quote: “πρόσκληση για σύναψη σύμβασης με τον ΕΟΠΥΥ για την παροχή υπηρεσιών Προσωπικού Ιατρού.” Translation: “invitation to conclude a contract with EOPYY for the provision of Personal Physician services.” Term: *σύμβαση* (purchasing contract, not employment). Direct URL: https://www.eopyy.gov.gr/el/arthra/prosklisi-gia-synapsi-symbasis-me-ton-eopyy-gia-tin-parohi-ypiresion-prosopikou-iatrou-gia-tous-idi-symbeblimenous-prosopikous-iatrous-genikisoikogeneiakis-iatrikis-kai-esoterikis-pathologias-ton-opoion-oi-symbaseis-paratathikan-aytodikaios/ . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-05", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 3, 6 ], "dimension": "employment/capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "title_original": "Επαγγέλματα Υγείας, έτος 2024", "title_english": "Health Professions, year 2024", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/18734241/DT_epagelmata_YGEIAS_2024_gr.pdf/45391cfc-eb47-3dc3-f124-b98091b46c45", "passage_original": "“Ο αριθμός των φαρμακείων ανήλθε σε 10.456.”", "passage_english": "“The number of pharmacies amounted to 10,456.” The same release reports 69,937 doctors, 13,840 dentists, 11,498 pharmacists and 11,447 physiotherapists.", "local_term": "*φαρμακείο* (pharmacy; ownership unstated).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*φαρμακείο* (pharmacy; ownership unstated).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Ο αριθμός των φαρμακείων ανήλθε σε 10.456.” Translation: “The number of pharmacies amounted to 10,456.” The same release reports 69,937 doctors, 13,840 dentists, 11,498 pharmacists and 11,447 physiotherapists. Term: *φαρμακείο* (pharmacy; ownership unstated). Direct URL: https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/18734241/DT_epagelmata_YGEIAS_2024_gr.pdf/45391cfc-eb47-3dc3-f124-b98091b46c45 . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-06", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "title_original": "Σύστημα Λογαριασμών Υγείας (ΣΛΥ), έτους 2024", "title_english": "System of Health Accounts, year 2024", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2026-03-27", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/18844805/DT_sly_2024.pdf/29a1407f-bbbf-c465-93f2-52ca472923fa", "passage_original": "“Η συνολική χρηματοδότηση για δαπάνες υγείας ... ανήλθε το έτος 2024 σε 19,9 δισ. ευρώ.”", "passage_english": "“Total financing for health expenditure ... amounted in 2024 to €19.9 billion.”", "local_term": "*Γενική Κυβέρνηση*, *ΟΚΑ*, *ιδιωτικές πληρωμές*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*Γενική Κυβέρνηση*, *ΟΚΑ*, *ιδιωτικές πληρωμές*.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 27 Mar 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Η συνολική χρηματοδότηση για δαπάνες υγείας ... ανήλθε το έτος 2024 σε 19,9 δισ. ευρώ.” Translation: “Total financing for health expenditure ... amounted in 2024 to €19.9 billion.” Terms: *Γενική Κυβέρνηση*, *ΟΚΑ*, *ιδιωτικές πληρωμές*. Direct URL: https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/18844805/DT_sly_2024.pdf/29a1407f-bbbf-c465-93f2-52ca472923fa . Tier T1; confidence high; percentages in report are calculations from table amounts." }, { "source_id": "GRC-07", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Study in Greece, public national portal", "title_original": "Προπτυχιακές σπουδές στην Ελλάδα / Medicine, University of Ioannina", "title_english": "Undergraduate studies in Greece / Medicine, University of Ioannina", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026 current programme", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://studyingreece.edu.gr/el/proptychiakes/", "passage_original": "“Η Ελλάδα διαθέτει 24 δημόσια Πανεπιστήμια”; programme: “12 semesters ... 360 ECTS ... Tuition fees: Free.”", "passage_english": "“Greece has 24 public universities”; programme terms as stated.", "local_term": "*δημόσιο πανεπιστήμιο* (public university operator).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*δημόσιο πανεπιστήμιο* (public university operator).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Accessed 16 Aug 2026; programme facts current. Quote: “Η Ελλάδα διαθέτει 24 δημόσια Πανεπιστήμια”; programme: “12 semesters ... 360 ECTS ... Tuition fees: Free.” Translation: “Greece has 24 public universities”; programme terms as stated. Term: *δημόσιο πανεπιστήμιο* (public university operator). Direct URLs: https://studyingreece.edu.gr/el/proptychiakes/ and https://apply.studyingreece.edu.gr/en/programmes/bsc/2064/details/medicine . Tier T2; confidence high for programme/public status, not asset title.", "related_urls": [ "https://apply.studyingreece.edu.gr/en/programmes/bsc/2064/details/medicine" ] }, { "source_id": "GRC-08", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Υπουργείο Υγείας, ΚΕΣΥ", "title_original": "Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης Εκπαιδευτικών Κέντρων ... Ιατρικές Ειδικότητες / Ομάδες εργασίας ειδικοτήτων", "title_english": "Evaluation criteria for Training Centres — Medical Specialties / Specialty working groups", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ 2025, "2026-08-16 snapshot" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/health/epaggelmaties-ygeias/noshleytiko-proswpiko/ekpaideytika-kentra/krithria-anagnwrishs-ekpaideytikwn-kentrwn/13560-krithria-aksiologhshs-ekpaideytikwn-kentrwn-gia-askhsh-twn-iatrwn-stis-iatrikes-eidikothtes-ths-aimatologias-allergiologias-anaisthhsiologias-aktinotherapeytikhs-ogkologias-gastrenterologias-dermatologias-afrodisiologias-eswterikhs-pathologias-endokrinolo?dl=1", "passage_original": "“κριτήρια αξιολόγησης Εκπαιδευτικών Κέντρων για άσκηση των ιατρών στις ιατρικές ειδικότητες.”", "passage_english": "“criteria for evaluating training centres for doctors' training in medical specialties.”", "local_term": "*άσκηση στην ειδικότητα* (specialty training).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*άσκηση στην ειδικότητα* (specialty training).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Gazette criteria posted 2025; current recognition regime. Quote: “κριτήρια αξιολόγησης Εκπαιδευτικών Κέντρων για άσκηση των ιατρών στις ιατρικές ειδικότητες.” Translation: “criteria for evaluating training centres for doctors' training in medical specialties.” Term: *άσκηση στην ειδικότητα* (specialty training). Direct URLs: https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/health/epaggelmaties-ygeias/noshleytiko-proswpiko/ekpaideytika-kentra/krithria-anagnwrishs-ekpaideytikwn-kentrwn/13560-krithria-aksiologhshs-ekpaideytikwn-kentrwn-gia-askhsh-twn-iatrwn-stis-iatrikes-eidikothtes-ths-aimatologias-allergiologias-anaisthhsiologias-aktinotherapeytikhs-ogkologias-gastrenterologias-dermatologias-afrodisiologias-eswterikhs-pathologias-endokrinolo?dl=1 and https://medres-test.moh.gov.gr/ . Tier T1; confidence high for control, medium for live-position snapshot.", "related_urls": [ "https://medres-test.moh.gov.gr/" ] }, { "source_id": "GRC-09", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 6, 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Εθνικός Οργανισμός Φαρμάκων (EOF)", "title_original": "Ανατιμολόγηση Φαρμακευτικών Προϊόντων", "title_english": "Repricing of Pharmaceutical Products", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025-12-15", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.eof.gr/%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD-%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%8C%CE%BD-10/", "passage_original": "“Ανατιμολόγηση Φαρμακευτικών Προϊόντων.”", "passage_english": "“Repricing of pharmaceutical products.”", "local_term": "*ανατιμολόγηση* (official repricing).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*ανατιμολόγηση* (official repricing).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 15 Dec 2025; 2025 repricing. Quote: “Ανατιμολόγηση Φαρμακευτικών Προϊόντων.” Translation: “Repricing of pharmaceutical products.” Term: *ανατιμολόγηση* (official repricing). Direct URL: https://www.eof.gr/%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD-%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%8C%CE%BD-10/ . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-10", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "ΕΟΠΥΥ", "title_original": "Καθορισμός τιμής αποζημίωσης ... ιατροτεχνολογικού προϊόντος", "title_english": "Determination of the reimbursement price of a medical-technology product", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.eopyy.gov.gr/media/xwhg1zdh/kathorismos-timis-pd-monitor_b-6765_2025.pdf", "passage_original": "“Καθορισμός τιμής αποζημίωσης.”", "passage_english": "“Determination of reimbursement price.”", "local_term": "*τιμή αποζημίωσης* (payer reimbursement price, not ownership or factory price).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*τιμή αποζημίωσης* (payer reimbursement price, not ownership or factory price).", "evidence_tier": "T2/T1 gazetted decision", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Gazette decision published 2025. Quote: “Καθορισμός τιμής αποζημίωσης.” Translation: “Determination of reimbursement price.” Term: *τιμή αποζημίωσης* (payer reimbursement price, not ownership or factory price). Direct URL: https://www.eopyy.gov.gr/media/xwhg1zdh/kathorismos-timis-pd-monitor_b-6765_2025.pdf . Tier T2/T1 gazetted decision; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-11", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "ΕΚΑΠΥ", "title_original": "Στρατηγική Κεντρικών Προμηθειών Έτους 2023–2025", "title_english": "Central Procurement Strategy for 2023–2025", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2023", "effective_date": "2023–25", "data_year": "2023–25", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ekapy.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%93%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%97-%CE%9A%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%A4%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%A9%CE%9D-%CE%A0%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%97%CE%98%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%9D-%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A3-2023-2025.pdf", "passage_original": "“Στρατηγική Κεντρικών Προμηθειών.”", "passage_english": "“Central Procurement Strategy.”", "local_term": "*κεντρικές προμήθειες* (central purchasing).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*κεντρικές προμήθειες* (central purchasing).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2023; planning period 2023–25. Quote: “Στρατηγική Κεντρικών Προμηθειών.” Translation: “Central Procurement Strategy.” Term: *κεντρικές προμήθειες* (central purchasing). Direct URL: https://ekapy.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%93%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%97-%CE%9A%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%A4%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%A9%CE%9D-%CE%A0%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%97%CE%98%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%9D-%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A3-2023-2025.pdf . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-12", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Υπουργείο Υγείας", "title_original": "Αναβάθμιση και εκσυγχρονισμός των νοσοκομειακών υποδομών του ΕΣΥ", "title_english": "Upgrade and modernization of ESY hospital infrastructure", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/health/domes-kai-draseis-gia-thn-ygeia/dhmosiothta-drasewn-tameioy-anakampshs-kai-anthektikothtas/14201-anabathmish-kai-eksygxronismos-twn-nosokomeiakwn-ypodomwn-toy-e-s-y-mesw-toy-tameioy-anakampshs-kai-anthektikothtas", "passage_original": "“80 Νοσοκομεία ... 7 Υγειονομικές Περιφέρειες ... 63 Τμήματα Επειγόντων Περιστατικών.”", "passage_english": "“80 hospitals ... 7 health regions ... 63 emergency departments.”", "local_term": "*αναβάθμιση*, *νοσοκομειακές υποδομές* (upgrade; hospital infrastructure).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*αναβάθμιση*, *νοσοκομειακές υποδομές* (upgrade; hospital infrastructure).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2026; projects current. Quote: “80 Νοσοκομεία ... 7 Υγειονομικές Περιφέρειες ... 63 Τμήματα Επειγόντων Περιστατικών.” Translation: “80 hospitals ... 7 health regions ... 63 emergency departments.” Terms: *αναβάθμιση*, *νοσοκομειακές υποδομές* (upgrade; hospital infrastructure). Direct URL: https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/health/domes-kai-draseis-gia-thn-ygeia/dhmosiothta-drasewn-tameioy-anakampshs-kai-anthektikothtas/14201-anabathmish-kai-eksygxronismos-twn-nosokomeiakwn-ypodomwn-toy-e-s-y-mesw-toy-tameioy-anakampshs-kai-anthektikothtas . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-13", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 11, 12, 13 ], "dimension": "payment/reimbursement", "institution": "ΕΟΠΥΥ / Government Gazette B 2106", "title_original": "Ενιαίος Κανονισμός Παροχών Υγείας (ΕΚΠΥ)", "title_english": "Unified Health Benefits Regulation", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2025-05-02", "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://eu-healthcare.eopyy.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A-%CF%84.-%CE%92-2106-2.05.2025.pdf", "passage_original": "“Ενιαίος Κανονισμός Παροχών Υγείας.”", "passage_english": "“Unified Health Benefits Regulation.”", "local_term": "*παροχή*, *αποζημίωση* (covered benefit; reimbursement).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*παροχή*, *αποζημίωση* (covered benefit; reimbursement).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Effective 2 May 2025. Quote: “Ενιαίος Κανονισμός Παροχών Υγείας.” Translation: “Unified Health Benefits Regulation.” Terms: *παροχή*, *αποζημίωση* (covered benefit; reimbursement). Direct URL: https://eu-healthcare.eopyy.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A-%CF%84.-%CE%92-2106-2.05.2025.pdf . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-14", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "ΚΕΤΕΚΝΥ / Institute for DRG", "title_original": "Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο ΚΕΤΕΚΝΥ: εφαρμογή συστήματος DRG", "title_english": "Panhellenic KETEKNY Conference: implementation of the DRG system", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://instdrg.gr/%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CE%BA%CE%B5-%CF%84/", "passage_original": "“το σύνολο των νοσοκομείων ... καταγράφουν πλέον την παραγωγή τους με τη φιλοσοφία των DRG.”", "passage_english": "“all hospitals ... now record their production using the DRG philosophy.”", "local_term": "*καταγράφουν την παραγωγή* (record production; weaker than exclusive payment).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*καταγράφουν την παραγωγή* (record production; weaker than exclusive payment).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2024. Quote: “το σύνολο των νοσοκομείων ... καταγράφουν πλέον την παραγωγή τους με τη φιλοσοφία των DRG.” Translation: “all hospitals ... now record their production using the DRG philosophy.” Term: *καταγράφουν την παραγωγή* (record production; weaker than exclusive payment). Direct URL: https://instdrg.gr/%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CE%BA%CE%B5-%CF%84/ . Tier T2; confidence high for recording, low for any stronger payment claim (not made)." }, { "source_id": "GRC-15", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Ίδρυμα Ιατροβιολογικών Ερευνών Ακαδημίας Αθηνών", "title_original": "Το ΙΙΒΕΑΑ με μια ματιά", "title_english": "IIBEAA at a glance", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bioacademy.gr/about/H82M/brfaa-glance?lang=gr", "passage_original": "“διεξαγωγή βασικής, κλινικής και εφαρμοσμένης βιοϊατρικής έρευνας.”", "passage_english": "“conduct of basic, clinical and applied biomedical research.”", "local_term": "*ιατροβιολογική έρευνα* (biomedical research).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*ιατροβιολογική έρευνα* (biomedical research).", "evidence_tier": "T3 public institute", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Accessed 16 Aug 2026; institutional role current. Quote: “διεξαγωγή βασικής, κλινικής και εφαρμοσμένης βιοϊατρικής έρευνας.” Translation: “conduct of basic, clinical and applied biomedical research.” Term: *ιατροβιολογική έρευνα* (biomedical research). Direct URL: https://www.bioacademy.gr/about/H82M/brfaa-glance?lang=gr . Tier T3 public institute; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-16", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Γενική Γραμματεία Έρευνας και Καινοτομίας", "title_original": "Ανακοίνωση πρόσκλησης ... Ευρωπαϊκού Χώρου Έρευνας για την Έρευνα στην Υγεία (ERA4Health)", "title_english": "Establishment of a Centre of Excellence at FORTH for diagnosis of infectious diseases", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://gsri.gov.gr/anakoinosi-prosklisis-ypovolis-erevnitikon-protaseon-sto-plaisio-tis-evropaikis-sybraxis-gia-tin-proothisi-enos-evropaikou-chorou-erevnas-gia-tin-erevna-stin-ygeia-european-partnership-for/", "passage_original": "“Την χρηματοδότηση των ελληνικών φορέων ... θα παράσχει η Γενική Γραμματεία Έρευνας και Καινοτομίας”; Greek contribution €500,000.", "passage_english": "“The General Secretariat for Research and Innovation will provide the funding for the Greek organizations.”", "local_term": "*έρευνα στην υγεία* (health research; programme evidence, not national total).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*έρευνα στην υγεία* (health research; programme evidence, not national total).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2 Dec 2025; call period 2025–26. Quote: “Την χρηματοδότηση των ελληνικών φορέων ... θα παράσχει η Γενική Γραμματεία Έρευνας και Καινοτομίας”; Greek contribution €500,000. Translation: “The General Secretariat for Research and Innovation will provide the funding for the Greek organizations.” Term: *έρευνα στην υγεία* (health research; programme evidence, not national total). Direct URL: https://gsri.gov.gr/anakoinosi-prosklisis-ypovolis-erevnitikon-protaseon-sto-plaisio-tis-evropaikis-sybraxis-gia-tin-proothisi-enos-evropaikou-chorou-erevnas-gia-tin-erevna-stin-ygeia-european-partnership-for/ . Tier T1; confidence high for programme, not national R&D total." }, { "source_id": "GRC-17", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "manufacturing/integration", "institution": "ΙΦΕΤ Α.Ε. / EOF", "title_original": "Ινστιτούτο Φαρμακευτικής Έρευνας και Τεχνολογίας — Εταιρικό προφίλ", "title_english": "Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Technology — Corporate profile", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ifet.gr/el/", "passage_original": "“παραγωγή, εισαγωγή και διακίνηση φαρμακευτικών προϊόντων ... που δεν διατίθενται από την ιδιωτική αγορά”; “μοναδικών φαρμάκων και αντιδότων.”", "passage_english": "“production, import and distribution of pharmaceutical products ... not available from the private market”; “unique medicines and antidotes.”", "local_term": "*θυγατρική του ΕΟΦ* (EOF subsidiary; public control, bounded remit).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*θυγατρική του ΕΟΦ* (EOF subsidiary; public control, bounded remit).", "evidence_tier": "T2 public company", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “παραγωγή, εισαγωγή και διακίνηση φαρμακευτικών προϊόντων ... που δεν διατίθενται από την ιδιωτική αγορά”; “μοναδικών φαρμάκων και αντιδότων.” Translation: “production, import and distribution of pharmaceutical products ... not available from the private market”; “unique medicines and antidotes.” Term: *θυγατρική του ΕΟΦ* (EOF subsidiary; public control, bounded remit). Direct URL: https://www.ifet.gr/el/ . Tier T2 public company; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-18", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "title_original": "Έρευνα Παραγωγής και Πωλήσεων Βιομηχανικών Προϊόντων (PRODCOM), έτος 2024", "title_english": "Survey on Production and Sales of Industrial Products (PRODCOM), year 2024", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/18782528/DT_prodcom_2024_GR.pdf/c5655ced-f081-9440-aeab-14aa2cf77557", "passage_original": "“βασικά φαρμακευτικά προϊόντα και φαρμακευτικά σκευάσματα 4,1%.”", "passage_english": "“basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 4.1%.”", "local_term": "*πωλήσεις βιομηχανικών προϊόντων* (industrial-product sales, not ownership).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*πωλήσεις βιομηχανικών προϊόντων* (industrial-product sales, not ownership).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “βασικά φαρμακευτικά προϊόντα και φαρμακευτικά σκευάσματα 4,1%.” Translation: “basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 4.1%.” Term: *πωλήσεις βιομηχανικών προϊόντων* (industrial-product sales, not ownership). Direct URL: https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/18782528/DT_prodcom_2024_GR.pdf/c5655ced-f081-9440-aeab-14aa2cf77557 . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "GRC-19", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "payment/control", "institution": "ΕΟΠΥΥ; Υπουργείο Υγείας", "title_original": "Οδηγός Ασφαλισμένου / Διαθέσιμος ο Εθνικός Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας", "title_english": "Insured Person's Guide / The National Electronic Health Record is available", "source_language": "Greek", "publication_date": "2025-03-10", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.eopyy.gov.gr/el/insuredguide/", "passage_original": "“όλες τις παροχές υγείας που έχουν καταχωρηθεί”; “Διαθέσιμος από σήμερα ο Εθνικός Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας.”", "passage_english": "“all health benefits that have been recorded”; “The National Electronic Health Record is available from today.”", "local_term": "*καταχωρημένη παροχή*, *Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας* (recorded claim; EHR).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*καταχωρημένη παροχή*, *Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας* (recorded claim; EHR).", "evidence_tier": "T2/T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Guide/current account and announcement 10 Mar 2025. Quote: “όλες τις παροχές υγείας που έχουν καταχωρηθεί”; “Διαθέσιμος από σήμερα ο Εθνικός Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας.” Translation: “all health benefits that have been recorded”; “The National Electronic Health Record is available from today.” Terms: *καταχωρημένη παροχή*, *Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας* (recorded claim; EHR). Direct URLs: https://www.eopyy.gov.gr/el/insuredguide/ and https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/ministry/grafeio-typoy/press-releases/13184-diathesimos-apo-shmera-o-ethnikos-hlektronikos-fakelos-ygeias . Tier T2/T1; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/ministry/grafeio-typoy/press-releases/13184-diathesimos-apo-shmera-o-ethnikos-hlektronikos-fakelos-ygeias" ] }, { "source_id": "HUN-01", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "capacity/operator-status", "institution": "Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (KSH)", "title_original": "A kórházi ágyak száma fenntartó szerint", "title_english": "Number of hospital beds by maintainer", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0084.html", "passage_original": "“Engedélyezett kórházi ágy ... Működő kórházi ágy.”", "passage_english": "“Authorized hospital bed ... Operating hospital bed.”", "local_term": "*fenntartó* (maintainer, not legal owner). 2024 operating-bed table: municipal 73, central 46,112, university 11,149, business 1,460, church 1,843, other 666, total 61,303.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*fenntartó* (maintainer, not legal owner). 2024 operating-bed table: municipal 73, central 46,112, university 11,149, business 1,460, church 1,843, other 666, total 61,303.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Engedélyezett kórházi ágy ... Működő kórházi ágy.” Translation: “Authorized hospital bed ... Operating hospital bed.” Term: *fenntartó* (maintainer, not legal owner). 2024 operating-bed table: municipal 73, central 46,112, university 11,149, business 1,460, church 1,843, other 666, total 61,303. Direct URL: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0084.html . Tier T1; confidence high for maintainer/bed count, explicitly not title." }, { "source_id": "HUN-02", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "capacity/operator-status", "institution": "Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő (NEAK)", "title_original": "Kórházi ágyszám- és betegforgalmi kimutatás 2024", "title_english": "Hospital bed-number and patient-traffic report 2024", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.neak.gov.hu/pfile/file?inline=true&path=%2Fletoltheto%2Faltfin_dok%2Faltfin_virt_dok2%2Fbesorolo%2Ffekvo_stat%2Fkorhazi-agyszam--es-betegforgalmi-kimutatas-2024%2E", "passage_original": "“Kórházak száma fenntartó típus szerint.”", "passage_english": "“Number of hospitals by maintainer type.”", "local_term": "*fenntartó típus* (maintainer type).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*fenntartó típus* (maintainer type).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Kórházak száma fenntartó típus szerint.” Translation: “Number of hospitals by maintainer type.” Term: *fenntartó típus* (maintainer type). Direct URL: https://www.neak.gov.hu/pfile/file?inline=true&path=%2Fletoltheto%2Faltfin_dok%2Faltfin_virt_dok2%2Fbesorolo%2Ffekvo_stat%2Fkorhazi-agyszam--es-betegforgalmi-kimutatas-2024%2E . Tier T2; confidence high for provider count, not legal ownership." }, { "source_id": "HUN-03", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "title_original": "A dolgozó orvosok száma nem és korcsoport szerint", "title_english": "Number of working physicians by sex and age group", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0006.html", "passage_original": "“2024 ... Férfi 18 182 ... Nő 24 941 ... Összesen 43 123.”", "passage_english": "“2024 ... male 18,182 ... female 24,941 ... total 43,123.”", "local_term": "*dolgozó orvos* (working doctor; table includes dentists).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*dolgozó orvos* (working doctor; table includes dentists).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated 30 Apr 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “2024 ... Férfi 18 182 ... Nő 24 941 ... Összesen 43 123.” Translation: “2024 ... male 18,182 ... female 24,941 ... total 43,123.” Term: *dolgozó orvos* (working doctor; table includes dentists). Direct URL: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0006.html . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "HUN-04", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "title_original": "Az egészségügyi ellátás állás- és létszámadatai", "title_english": "Position and staffing data for healthcare", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2026-08-12", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0005.html", "passage_original": "“Orvosi és fogorvosi állások száma ... betöltött 41 962,1.”", "passage_english": "“Number of physician and dentist positions ... filled 41,962.1.”", "local_term": "*állás* (position/FTE-like post, not person).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*állás* (position/FTE-like post, not person).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated 12 Aug 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Orvosi és fogorvosi állások száma ... betöltött 41 962,1.” Translation: “Number of physician and dentist positions ... filled 41,962.1.” Term: *állás* (position/FTE-like post, not person). Direct URL: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0005.html . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "HUN-05", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "title_original": "Háziorvosok és házi gyermekorvosok", "title_english": "General practitioners and paediatric general practitioners", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0007.html", "passage_original": "“Háziorvos ... 4 216; Házi gyermekorvos ... 1 253.”", "passage_english": "“General practitioner ... 4,216; paediatric general practitioner ... 1,253.”", "local_term": "*háziorvos* (territorial GP).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*háziorvos* (territorial GP).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Háziorvos ... 4 216; Házi gyermekorvos ... 1 253.” Translation: “General practitioner ... 4,216; paediatric general practitioner ... 1,253.” Term: *háziorvos* (territorial GP). Direct URL: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0007.html . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "HUN-06", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "operator-status/payment", "institution": "NEAK", "title_original": "Tájékoztató a szerződéses kapcsolatokról", "title_english": "Information on contractual relationships", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/szakmai_oldalak/gyogyito_megeleozo_ellatas/tajekoztatok/tajekoztato_szerzodeses_kapcsolatok", "passage_original": "“az önkormányzat egészségügyi intézményével, a háziorvosi feladatot átvállaló egészségügyi szolgáltatóval, vagy az önkormányzattal.”", "passage_english": "“with the municipality's health institution, the healthcare provider taking over the GP task, or the municipality.”", "local_term": "*feladatot átvállaló szolgáltató* (contracted task-taking provider), *praxisjog* (practice right).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*feladatot átvállaló szolgáltató* (contracted task-taking provider), *praxisjog* (practice right).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “az önkormányzat egészségügyi intézményével, a háziorvosi feladatot átvállaló egészségügyi szolgáltatóval, vagy az önkormányzattal.” Translation: “with the municipality's health institution, the healthcare provider taking over the GP task, or the municipality.” Terms: *feladatot átvállaló szolgáltató* (contracted task-taking provider), *praxisjog* (practice right). Direct URL: https://neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/szakmai_oldalak/gyogyito_megeleozo_ellatas/tajekoztatok/tajekoztato_szerzodeses_kapcsolatok . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "HUN-07", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 6, 12 ], "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "KSH, source NEAK", "title_original": "Gyógyszertárak", "title_english": "Pharmacies", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0021.html", "passage_original": "“Az 1996–1997-ben bekövetkezett privatizáció után csak magángyógyszertárak üzemelnek.”", "passage_english": "“After the privatization that occurred in 1996–1997, only private pharmacies operate.”", "local_term": "*közforgalmú gyógyszertár* (community pharmacy).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*közforgalmú gyógyszertár* (community pharmacy).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated 30 Jun 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Az 1996–1997-ben bekövetkezett privatizáció után csak magángyógyszertárak üzemelnek.” Translation: “After the privatization that occurred in 1996–1997, only private pharmacies operate.” Term: *közforgalmú gyógyszertár* (community pharmacy). Direct URL: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/ege/hu/ege0021.html . Tier T1; confidence high for operation and counts, medium for ultimate equity ownership." }, { "source_id": "HUN-08", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "title_original": "Magyar statisztikai zsebkönyv, 2024", "title_english": "Hungarian Statistical Pocketbook, 2024", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/zsebkonyv/magyar%20statisztikai%20zsebkonyv_2024.pdf", "passage_original": "“Kormányzati alrendszerek ... Társadalombiztosítás ... Háztartások közvetlen kifizetései.”", "passage_english": "“Government schemes ... Social insurance ... Households' direct payments.”", "local_term": "*önkéntes egészségügy-finanszírozási alrendszerek* (voluntary financing schemes; broader than insurance), *háztartások közvetlen kifizetései* (OOP).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*önkéntes egészségügy-finanszírozási alrendszerek* (voluntary financing schemes; broader than insurance), *háztartások közvetlen kifizetései* (OOP).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025; health-financing data year 2023. Quote: “Kormányzati alrendszerek ... Társadalombiztosítás ... Háztartások közvetlen kifizetései.” Translation: “Government schemes ... Social insurance ... Households' direct payments.” Terms: *önkéntes egészségügy-finanszírozási alrendszerek* (voluntary financing schemes; broader than insurance), *háztartások közvetlen kifizetései* (OOP). Direct URL: https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/zsebkonyv/magyar%20statisztikai%20zsebkonyv_2024.pdf . Tier T1; confidence high; report shares are calculated from HUF amounts." }, { "source_id": "HUN-09", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Semmelweis Egyetem", "title_original": "Felvételi tájékoztató / Általános orvos szak – Tanulmányi tájékoztató 2024/25", "title_english": "Admissions information / General medicine programme — Study information 2024/25", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2024/25", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024/25", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://semmelweis.hu/aok/felveteli/felveteli-tajekoztato/", "passage_original": "“A képzés ideje: 12 félév”; “360 kredit.”", "passage_english": "“Duration of training: 12 semesters”; “360 credits.”", "local_term": "*állami ösztöndíjas / önköltséges* (state-scholarship / self-financed place).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*állami ösztöndíjas / önköltséges* (state-scholarship / self-financed place).", "evidence_tier": "T3 public university", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2024/25. Quote: “A képzés ideje: 12 félév”; “360 kredit.” Translation: “Duration of training: 12 semesters”; “360 credits.” Term: *állami ösztöndíjas / önköltséges* (state-scholarship / self-financed place). Direct URLs: https://semmelweis.hu/aok/felveteli/felveteli-tajekoztato/ and https://semmelweis.hu/aok/files/2025/02/Altalanos-orvos-szak-%E2%80%93-Tanulmanyi-tajekoztato-2024-25.pdf . Tier T3 public university; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://semmelweis.hu/aok/files/2025/02/Altalanos-orvos-szak-%E2%80%93-Tanulmanyi-tajekoztato-2024-25.pdf" ] }, { "source_id": "HUN-10", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Országos Kórházi Főigazgatóság", "title_original": "Rezidensképzés keretszámok", "title_english": "Resident-training quotas", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://enk.okfo.gov.hu/tevekenysegek/rezidenskepzes/keretszam", "passage_original": "“Rezidensképzés ... keretszám.”", "passage_english": "“Resident training ... allocation/quota.”", "local_term": "*keretszám* (authorized allocation, not occupied position).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*keretszám* (authorized allocation, not occupied position).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current 2026 quotas. Quote: “Rezidensképzés ... keretszám.” Translation: “Resident training ... allocation/quota.” Term: *keretszám* (authorized allocation, not occupied position). Direct URL: https://enk.okfo.gov.hu/tevekenysegek/rezidenskepzes/keretszam . Tier T2; confidence high for planning control." }, { "source_id": "HUN-11", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Semmelweis Egyetem", "title_original": "Az egyetem K+F+I tevékenysége", "title_english": "The university's R&D&I activity", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://semmelweis.hu/kutatas/", "passage_original": "“Dominál az élettudományi kutatás, fejlesztés és innováció”; “A K+F+I eredmények szoros csatolással jelennek meg a klinikai ... gyakorlatban.”", "passage_english": "“Life-science research, development and innovation predominate”; “RDI results appear closely linked in clinical practice.”", "local_term": "*K+F+I* (R&D and innovation).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*K+F+I* (R&D and innovation).", "evidence_tier": "T3 public university", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current institutional page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “Dominál az élettudományi kutatás, fejlesztés és innováció”; “A K+F+I eredmények szoros csatolással jelennek meg a klinikai ... gyakorlatban.” Translation: “Life-science research, development and innovation predominate”; “RDI results appear closely linked in clinical practice.” Term: *K+F+I* (R&D and innovation). Direct URL: https://semmelweis.hu/kutatas/ . Tier T3 public university; confidence high for institutional integration, not national totals." }, { "source_id": "HUN-12", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 7, 8 ], "dimension": "manufacturing/integration", "institution": "KSH; Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal", "title_original": "Magyar statisztikai évkönyv, 2024 — Ipar / Nagyvállalati Fókuszterületi Innovációs Program 2024", "title_english": "Hungarian Statistical Yearbook, 2024 — Industry / Large-Company Focus-Area Innovation Programme 2024", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2025 / call 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ksh.hu/evkonyvek/2024/magyar-statisztikai-evkonyv-2024/pdf/statevk2024_5_2.pdf", "passage_original": "“Gyógyszergyártás ... termelés volumenindexe 96,2”; call: “gyógyszeripar.”", "passage_english": "“Pharmaceutical manufacturing ... production volume index 96.2”; “pharmaceutical industry.”", "local_term": "*gyógyszergyártás*, *innovációs program*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*gyógyszergyártás*, *innovációs program*.", "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025 / call 2024. Quote: “Gyógyszergyártás ... termelés volumenindexe 96,2”; call: “gyógyszeripar.” Translation: “Pharmaceutical manufacturing ... production volume index 96.2”; “pharmaceutical industry.” Terms: *gyógyszergyártás*, *innovációs program*. Direct URLs: https://www.ksh.hu/evkonyvek/2024/magyar-statisztikai-evkonyv-2024/pdf/statevk2024_5_2.pdf and https://nkfih.gov.hu/palyazoknak/nkfi-alap/nagyvallalati-fokuszteruleti-innovacios-program-2024-113-nagyvall-fokusz/palyazati-felhivas . Tier T1/T2; confidence high for output index/programme, low for ownership (not inferred).", "related_urls": [ "https://nkfih.gov.hu/palyazoknak/nkfi-alap/nagyvallalati-fokuszteruleti-innovacios-program-2024-113-nagyvall-fokusz/palyazati-felhivas" ] }, { "source_id": "HUN-13", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 11, 12, 13 ], "dimension": "payment/price-setting", "institution": "NEAK", "title_original": "Az Egészségbiztosítási Alapból finanszírozott szolgáltatások díjának elszámolása / Gyógyszer-támogatás", "title_english": "Settlement of fees for services financed from the Health Insurance Fund / Pharmaceutical subsidy", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2025", "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/szakmai_oldalak/gyogyito_megeleozo_ellatas/tajekoztatok/egbiztalap_fin_szolg_dij_elszam", "passage_original": "“a szolgáltatók által jelentett teljesítmények alapján”; drug page: “a gyártó által meghatározott termelői árat ... a NEAK elfogadja.”", "passage_english": "“on the basis of performance reported by providers”; “the producer price determined by the manufacturer ... is accepted by NEAK.”", "local_term": "*elszámolás*, *befogadás* (settlement; reimbursement admission).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*elszámolás*, *befogadás* (settlement; reimbursement admission).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current pages accessed 16 Aug 2026; operative framework includes 2025 rules. Quote: “a szolgáltatók által jelentett teljesítmények alapján”; drug page: “a gyártó által meghatározott termelői árat ... a NEAK elfogadja.” Translation: “on the basis of performance reported by providers”; “the producer price determined by the manufacturer ... is accepted by NEAK.” Terms: *elszámolás*, *befogadás* (settlement; reimbursement admission). Direct URLs: https://neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/szakmai_oldalak/gyogyito_megeleozo_ellatas/tajekoztatok/egbiztalap_fin_szolg_dij_elszam and https://www.neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/lakossagnak/ellatas_magyarorszagon/gyogyszer_segedeszkoz_gyogyfuro_tamogatas/gyogyszer_tamogatas/gyogyszerellatas . Tier T2; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/lakossagnak/ellatas_magyarorszagon/gyogyszer_segedeszkoz_gyogyfuro_tamogatas/gyogyszer_tamogatas/gyogyszerellatas" ] }, { "source_id": "HUN-14", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "NEAK", "title_original": "NEAK közlemény a 2025. június 17. napján befogadott többletkapacitásokról", "title_english": "NEAK notice on extra capacities accepted on 17 June 2025", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": "2025-06-17", "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/szakmai_oldalak/gyogyito_megeleozo_ellatas/tobbletkapacitas_befogadas/neak-kozlemeny-a-2025.-junius-17.-napjan-befogadott-tobbletkapacitasokrol", "passage_original": "“a Bizottság javaslata alapján ... az egészségügyért felelős miniszter ... az államháztartásért felelős miniszter előzetes egyetértésével döntött.”", "passage_english": "“on the committee's proposal ... the minister responsible for health decided with the prior agreement of the minister responsible for public finances.”", "local_term": "*többletkapacitás befogadása* (acceptance of extra capacity into public financing).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*többletkapacitás befogadása* (acceptance of extra capacity into public financing).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2025. Quote: “a Bizottság javaslata alapján ... az egészségügyért felelős miniszter ... az államháztartásért felelős miniszter előzetes egyetértésével döntött.” Translation: “on the committee's proposal ... the minister responsible for health decided with the prior agreement of the minister responsible for public finances.” Term: *többletkapacitás befogadása* (acceptance of extra capacity into public financing). Direct URL: https://neak.gov.hu/felso_menu/szakmai_oldalak/gyogyito_megeleozo_ellatas/tobbletkapacitas_befogadas/neak-kozlemeny-a-2025.-junius-17.-napjan-befogadott-tobbletkapacitasokrol . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "HUN-15", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "capacity/procurement", "institution": "Országos Kórházi Főigazgatóság", "title_original": "Készletgazdálkodás", "title_english": "Inventory management", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://okfo.gov.hu/Szakmai_informaciok/Keszletgazdalkodas", "passage_original": "“központi tartalék ... orvostechnikai eszközök.”", "passage_english": "“central reserve ... medical-technical equipment.”", "local_term": "*központi tartalék* (central equipment reserve, not manufacturer).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*központi tartalék* (central equipment reserve, not manufacturer).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “központi tartalék ... orvostechnikai eszközök.” Translation: “central reserve ... medical-technical equipment.” Term: *központi tartalék* (central equipment reserve, not manufacturer). Direct URL: https://okfo.gov.hu/Szakmai_informaciok/Keszletgazdalkodas . Tier T2; confidence medium because it covers one capital/equipment mechanism, not the entire capital system." }, { "source_id": "HUN-16", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "payment/reimbursement", "institution": "NEAK; Nemzeti Népegészségügyi és Gyógyszerészeti Központ (NNGYK)", "title_original": "Gyógyászati segédeszközök társadalombiztosítási támogatásba történő befogadása / Egyéb nyilvántartások, listák", "title_english": "Admission of therapeutic aids to social-insurance reimbursement / Other registers and lists", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://neak.gov.hu/preview/felso_menu/rolunk/kozerdeku_adatok/tevekenysegre_mukodesre_vonatkozo_adatok/a_hatosagi_ugyek_intezesenek_rendjevel_kapcsolatos/gyse_tb_befogadas", "passage_original": "“társadalombiztosítási támogatásba történő befogadás”; “orvostechnikai eszközök ... nyilvántartás.”", "passage_english": "“admission to social-insurance reimbursement”; “medical devices ... register.”", "local_term": "*gyógyászati segédeszköz*, *befogadás*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*gyógyászati segédeszköz*, *befogadás*.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current pages accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “társadalombiztosítási támogatásba történő befogadás”; “orvostechnikai eszközök ... nyilvántartás.” Translation: “admission to social-insurance reimbursement”; “medical devices ... register.” Terms: *gyógyászati segédeszköz*, *befogadás*. Direct URLs: https://neak.gov.hu/preview/felso_menu/rolunk/kozerdeku_adatok/tevekenysegre_mukodesre_vonatkozo_adatok/a_hatosagi_ugyek_intezesenek_rendjevel_kapcsolatos/gyse_tb_befogadas and https://nngyk.gov.hu/hu/?catid=737&id=4185%3Aegyeb-nyilvantartasok-listak&view=article . Tier T2; confidence high for regulation/reimbursement, not manufacture.", "related_urls": [ "https://nngyk.gov.hu/hu/?catid=737&id=4185%3Aegyeb-nyilvantartasok-listak&view=article" ] }, { "source_id": "HUN-17", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "payment/transparency", "institution": "NEAK", "title_original": "Betegéletút lekérdezés / Intézményi várólista", "title_english": "Patient-path query / Institutional waiting list", "source_language": "Hungarian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ugyfelkapu.neak.gov.hu/oepu/empty2.html", "passage_original": "“a biztosított ... lekérdezheti a részére jelentett egészségügyi szolgáltatásokat”; “Intézményi várólista és előjegyzési lista.”", "passage_english": "“the insured person can query health services reported for them”; “institutional waiting list and booking list.”", "local_term": "*betegéletút* (claims/service history), *várólista*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*betegéletút* (claims/service history), *várólista*.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current services accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “a biztosított ... lekérdezheti a részére jelentett egészségügyi szolgáltatásokat”; “Intézményi várólista és előjegyzési lista.” Translation: “the insured person can query health services reported for them”; “institutional waiting list and booking list.” Terms: *betegéletút* (claims/service history), *várólista*. Direct URLs: https://ugyfelkapu.neak.gov.hu/oepu/empty2.html and https://varolista.neak.gov.hu/varolista_pub/ . Tier T2; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://varolista.neak.gov.hu/varolista_pub/" ] }, { "source_id": "IS-1", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "title_original": "“Rekstrarútgjöld til heilbrigðismála eftir tegund þjónustu og fjármögnun 2000–2024” (THJ05551).", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Icelandic", "publication_date": "2025-09-18", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Efnahagur/Efnahagur__fjaropinber__fjarmal_heilbr/THJ05551.px", "passage_original": "Hið opinbera ... 351.630,26; Heimilin ... 61.710,34.", "passage_english": "Government 351,630.26; households 61,710.34 [ISK million].", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "Government 351,630.26; households 61,710.34 [ISK million].", "functional_meaning": "SHA payer/source categories; percentages calculated against ISK420,194.35m total", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Hagstofa Íslands. Updated 18 September 2025; 2024 preliminary." }, { "source_id": "IS-2", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Stjórnartíðindi", "title_original": "“Reglugerð um heilsugæslustöðvar,” nr. 787/2007.", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Icelandic", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2007", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://island.is/stjornartidindi/nr/03a1d8ca-ff1d-45d9-bd83-9da261564e5e", "passage_original": "reknar eru af ríkinu eða samkvæmt samningi við ríkið.", "passage_english": "operated by the state or under contract with the state.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "operated by the state or under contract with the state.", "functional_meaning": "ownership/employment can differ under one public financing framework", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Stjórnartíðindi. Effective 2007, current official text." }, { "source_id": "IS-3", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Heilsugæsla höfuðborgarsvæðisins", "title_original": "“Patients satisfied with services at health centers.”", "title_english": "“Patients satisfied with services at health centers.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2026-03-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://island.is/en/o/hh/news/patients-satisfied-with-services-at-health-centers", "passage_original": "HH operates 15 ... Four health centres are operated by private providers.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "local operator count, not national ownership share", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Heilsugæsla höfuðborgarsvæðisins. Published 30 March 2026; capital-area operations. Source-specific confidence: high for capital area." }, { "source_id": "IS-4", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Lyfjastofnun", "title_original": "“Lyfjaverðskrá.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Icelandic", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.lyfjastofnun.is/verd-og-greidsluthatttaka/lyfjaverdskra/", "passage_original": "samþykkja hámarksheildsöluverð og hámarkssmásöluverð.", "passage_english": "approve maximum wholesale and maximum retail prices.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "approve maximum wholesale and maximum retail prices.", "functional_meaning": "statutory prescription-drug price ceilings", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Lyfjastofnun. Current monthly-price page." }, { "source_id": "IS-5", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Fjársýsla ríkisins/Ministry of Finance", "title_original": "“Ríkisreikningur 2024.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Icelandic", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.stjornarradid.is/library/02-Rit--skyrslur-og-skrar/R%C3%ADkisreikningur%202024.pdf", "passage_original": "Landspítali ... Sjúkrahúsið á Akureyri.", "passage_english": "names of Landspítali and Akureyri Hospital as state entities.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "names of Landspítali and Akureyri Hospital as state entities.", "functional_meaning": "confirms specific public institutions, not national bed share", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Fjársýsla ríkisins/Ministry of Finance. Published for 2024. Source-specific confidence: high for entity status." }, { "source_id": "IE-1", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Department of Health", "title_original": "“National Healthcare Statistics 2025.”", "title_english": "“National Healthcare Statistics 2025.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/collection/bf8e3-national-healthcare-statistics-2025/", "passage_original": "78.8% ... publicly administered” and “87.8% ... public hospital setting.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "administration/setting classification, not legal asset ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Department of Health. Published 2025; hospital count 2024, bed count 2023. Source-specific confidence: high for stated classification; medium for derived approximate numerators due rounded percentages." }, { "source_id": "IE-2", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_ids": [ 11, 13 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "title_original": "“System of Health Accounts 2023: Financing Schemes of Healthcare Services.”", "title_english": "“System of Health Accounts 2023: Financing Schemes of Healthcare Services.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025-06-23", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-sha/systemofhealthaccounts2023/financingschemesofhealthcareservices/", "passage_original": "government financing schemes funded 76% ... household out-of-pocket payments 11%.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "SHA scheme split; exact percentages above calculated from official amounts", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Central Statistics Office. Published 23 June 2025; data 2023." }, { "source_id": "IE-3", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5, 6, 13 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Health Service Executive", "title_original": "“The National Contracts Office.”", "title_english": "“The National Contracts Office.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://healthservice.hse.ie/staff/information-healthcare-workers/the-national-contracts-office/", "passage_original": "independent contractors ... general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists and optometrists.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "contracted private delivery within public primary-care financing", "evidence_tier": "T1/T2 statutory provider", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Health Service Executive. Current." }, { "source_id": "IE-4", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5, 12 ], "dimension": "payment/reimbursement", "institution": "Health Service Executive", "title_original": "PCRS handbook for Doctor", "title_english": "Primary Care Reimbursement Service handbook for doctors", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://healthservice.hse.ie/documents/7450/PCRS_handbook_for_Doctors.pdf", "passage_original": "HSE Primary Care Reimbursement Service reimburses GPs in line with contractual arrangements agreed with General Practitioners. These arrangements are that capitation fees shall be paid no later than the 15th day of each month.", "passage_english": "HSE Primary Care Reimbursement Service reimburses GPs under contractual arrangements, including monthly capitation fees.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "PCRS administers contract-based reimbursement, including capitation, to participating GPs; IE-3 separately establishes independent-contractor status.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current HSE-hosted handbook, version updated January 2025." }, { "source_id": "IE-5", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Department of Health", "title_original": "“Government announces plan for delivery of 4,367 acute hospital beds.”", "title_english": "“Government announces plan for delivery of 4,367 acute hospital beds.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2031 target", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-health/press-releases/government-announces-plan-for-delivery-of-4367-acute-hospital-beds/", "passage_original": "4,367 additional acute hospital beds by 2031.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "explicit central capacity expansion plan", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Department of Health. Published 2024. Source-specific confidence: high for plan, not completed capacity." }, { "source_id": "IL-01", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה (CBS)", "title_original": "ההוצאה הלאומית לבריאות בשנת 2023", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": "20 Aug 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2024/263/08_24_263b.pdf", "passage_original": "23.2% … מומנו באמצעות מס בריאות, ו-40.6% מומנו מתקציב המדינה", "passage_english": "23.2% was financed through health tax and 40.6% from the state budget.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "20 Aug 2024, data 2023. Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "IL-02", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "המוסד לביטוח לאומי", "title_original": "ביטוח בריאות", "title_english": "Health insurance", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.btl.gov.il/insurance/health_insurance/pages/default.aspx", "passage_original": "כל מבוטח חייב להיות רשום באחת מקופות החולים, והוא רשאי לבחור את קופת החולים שאליה הוא רוצה להשתייך. קופת החולים חייבת לספק למבוטח סל בריאות אחיד הקבוע בחוק.", "passage_english": "Every insured person must be registered with one of the health funds and may choose the fund they wish to join. The health fund must provide the insured person with the uniform health basket established by law.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Israel requires enrollment in one statutory health fund; the selected fund is responsible for delivering the legally defined uniform benefit basket.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage retrieved directly from the National Insurance Institute page. It establishes mandatory fund enrollment and benefit responsibility, not clinic ownership or clinician employment." }, { "source_id": "IL-03", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "הצעת תקציב משרד הבריאות 2023–2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": "2023", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023–2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/dynamiccollectorresultitem/ministry-of-health-proposal-2023-2024/he/state-budget_2023-2024_ministry-of-health-proposal-2023-2024.pdf", "passage_original": "משרד הבריאות מפעיל כמחצית ממיטות האשפוז הכלליות.", "passage_english": "The Ministry of Health operates about half of general inpatient beds.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "2023. Tier 2" }, { "source_id": "IL-04", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "hospital price-list update", "title_english": "Hospital and other service tariff update effective 1 June 2024", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "1 Jun 2024", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/dynamiccollectorresultitem/spl-010624changes-pdf/he/files_databases_moh-price-list_2024_spl-010624changes-PDF.pdf", "passage_original": "תעריפי אשפוז, אשפוז יום, תעריפי השירותים האמבולטוריים והשירותים במחלקה לרפואה דחופה (\"חדר מיון\") בבתי החולים הכלליים הועלו בשיעור של 1.19%... תעריפי אשפוז, אשפוז יום והשירותים האמבולטוריים בבתי החולים והמרכזים הגריאטריים והפסיכיאטריים הועלו בשיעור של 1.21%.", "passage_english": "Inpatient, day-hospital, ambulatory-service and emergency-department tariffs in general hospitals were increased by 1.19%... Inpatient, day-hospital and ambulatory-service tariffs in geriatric and psychiatric hospitals and centers were increased by 1.21%.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The Ministry publishes administered tariff changes for government and public hospitals; the circular is price-control evidence, not ownership evidence.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the official Hebrew PDF." }, { "source_id": "IL-05", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "מבקר המדינה", "title_original": "hospital service price-setting report", "title_english": "Prices of health services in general hospitals", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/2374-23.aspx", "passage_original": "תשלומי הקופות בעבור השירותים שהן רוכשות בבתי החולים מבוססים על אלה: מחיר יום אשפוז, מחיר לפעילויות נבחרות (מחיר דיפרנציאלי) ומחיר לשירות חוץ-אשפוזי (מחיר אמבולטורי)... משרד הבריאות מציע את המחירים לפעילויות נבחרות ואת המחירים האמבולטוריים לוועדת מחירים בין-משרדית... והמחירים טעונים אישורה.", "passage_english": "Health-fund payments for services purchased from hospitals are based on the inpatient-day price, prices for selected activities (differential tariffs), and outpatient-service prices (ambulatory tariffs)... The Ministry of Health proposes the selected-activity and ambulatory prices to an interministerial prices committee... and the prices require its approval.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The report describes an interministerial Health–Finance process for selected hospital tariffs and the main hospital-payment units.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact passage from the State Comptroller page, but the audit is historical (its review ended in September 2003). Use it only for the mechanism described at that time; IL-04 is the contemporary evidence that administered tariffs remained in use in 2024." }, { "source_id": "IL-06", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "תוכנית מיטות 2017–2022", "title_english": "Allocation of general-inpatient beds under the 2017–2022 bed plan", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/bed-plan-2017-2022", "passage_original": "במסגרת התוכנית מוקצה לכל בית חולים מספר מיטות לפתיחה בכל שנה בהסתמך על כלל השיקולים המקצועיים. כדי להכניס לרישיון מיטות מתוכנית המיטות על בית החולים לעמוד בתנאי התקינה הנדרשים ובסטנדרט הבינוי הנדרש.", "passage_english": "Under the plan, each hospital is allocated a number of beds to open each year based on the full set of professional considerations. To add beds from the plan to its license, the hospital must meet the required staffing standards and building standard.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The Ministry allocated bed additions and conditioned their licensing on staffing and building standards; this is direct public capacity control.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage from the official government page as indexed in Hebrew; the plan is historical and should not be presented as a current 2026 allocation." }, { "source_id": "IL-07", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 6, 9 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Devices / capital goods", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "זכויות המטופל – סל הבריאות", "title_english": "Patients’ rights — the health basket", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/rights-of-patients?chapterIndex=2", "passage_original": "סל שירותי הבריאות מקיף את מכלול השירותים, התרופות, הציוד והמכשירים הרפואיים שהמבוטחים זכאים לקבל.", "passage_english": "The health-services basket encompasses the full range of services, medicines, equipment and medical devices that insured persons are entitled to receive.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The statutory benefit basket includes medicines and medical equipment/devices; it does not establish pharmacy or manufacturer ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact sentence from the Ministry of Health government page." }, { "source_id": "IL-08", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 6, 13 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Billing / transparency", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "כל הבריאות", "title_english": "All Health — medicine entitlement information", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://call.gov.il/product-page/1007220", "passage_original": "הקופה לא מחויבת לספק דווקא את אותה גרסה של חומר פעיל המופיעה באתר זה בשמה המסחרי ויכולה לספק גרסאות מסחריות (\"חלופות גנריות\") אחרות שלה - כל זאת בכפוף לשיקול דעת רפואי נאות.", "passage_english": "The fund is not required to supply the particular version of the active ingredient shown on this site under its trade name and may supply other commercial versions (‘generic alternatives’), subject to appropriate medical judgment.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official entitlement portal states that a health fund may supply a generic alternative; it does not establish retail-pharmacy ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact Hebrew passage from the cited product page as indexed. The underlying page is a client-rendered portal and the raw HTML does not expose the product text." }, { "source_id": "IL-09", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "public drug-copayment calculator", "title_english": "Copayment calculation — Clalit Health Services", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://call.gov.il/page/GE17", "passage_original": "עבור פריט שמחירו המרבי לצרכן גבוה מ- 20.64 ש\"ח ורשומה לו חלופה גנרית, ישלם המבוטח סכום השתתפות עצמית בגובה 10% מהמחיר המרבי לצרכן או 20.64 ש\"ח (הגבוה מבניהם).", "passage_english": "For an item whose maximum consumer price exceeds NIS 20.64 and for which a generic alternative is registered, the insured person pays a copayment equal to 10% of the maximum consumer price or NIS 20.64, whichever is higher.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The portal gives a regulated medicine-copayment formula for this fund/program; it is not a universal statement about every medicine or fund.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Exact Hebrew passage from the cited Ministry portal page. The page does not state an effective date, and the title identifies Clalit specifically; retain that limitation." }, { "source_id": "IL-10", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "משרד הבריאות", "title_original": "הקמה/הרחבה של מוסד גריאטרי", "title_english": "Licensing geriatric hospitals", "source_language": "Hebrew", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/departments/guides/med-inst-geriatric", "passage_original": "מוסדות רפואיים הנכללים בפקודה ובתקנות, חייבים באישור מראש של משרד הבריאות טרם הקמתם (בניה או הסבה של מבנה קיים, הרחבה או הוספת מיטות) וכן חייבים באישור לפתיחתם, ניהולם והפעלתם (רישום/רישוי).", "passage_english": "Medical institutions covered by the ordinance and regulations require prior Ministry of Health approval before establishment (construction or conversion of an existing building, expansion, or addition of beds), and also require approval to open, manage and operate (registration/licensing).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Establishing or expanding a geriatric hospital and adding beds require prior Ministry approval and operating registration/licensing.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage from the official government guide, published 26 April 2022 and updated 12 March 2023." }, { "source_id": "IT-1", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministero della Salute", "title_original": "Annuario statistico del Servizio sanitario nazionale 2023", "title_english": "Statistical yearbook of the National Health Service 2023", "source_language": "Italian", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_3523_allegato.pdf", "passage_original": "996 istituti di cura, di cui 511 pubblici ed equiparati e 485 privati accreditati ; 194.408 ; 21,1", "passage_english": "996 hospitals, of which 511 public/equivalent and 485 accredited private; 194,408 ordinary beds; 21.1% accredited private.", "local_term": "pubblici ed equiparati", "literal_meaning": "public and equivalent", "functional_meaning": "public-side service/statistical grouping, not pure title ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "High confidence in the source category; medium for interpreting it as ownership." }, { "source_id": "IT-2", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Istat", "title_original": "Audizione presso la Commissione Affari sociali", "title_english": "Hearing before the Social Affairs Committee", "source_language": "Italian", "publication_date": "2026-07-07", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2025 preliminary" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.istat.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Istat-Audizione-Commissione-Affari-Sociali_07-luglio-2026.pdf", "passage_original": "finanziamento pubblico e obbligatorio … 73,6% ; spesa diretta delle famiglie … 23,0%", "passage_english": "government and compulsory financing 73.6%; household out-of-pocket spending 23.0%.", "local_term": "spesa diretta", "literal_meaning": "direct expenditure", "functional_meaning": "SHA household out-of-pocket spending", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "2024 final and 2025 preliminary SHA data." }, { "source_id": "IT-3", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Agenzia Industrie Difesa", "title_original": "Stabilimento Chimico Farmaceutico Militare Firenze", "title_english": "Military Chemical Pharmaceutical Plant, Florence", "source_language": "Italian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.agenziaindustriedifesa.it/unita-produttive/stabilimento-chimico-farmaceutico-militare-firenze/", "passage_original": "produzione di medicinali … di interesse strategico", "passage_english": "production of medicines of strategic interest.", "local_term": "stabilimento militare", "literal_meaning": "military establishment", "functional_meaning": "bounded state industrial facility", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current page accessed 2026-08-16." }, { "source_id": "IT-4", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price_setting", "institution": "Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco", "title_original": "Negoziazione e rimborsabilità", "title_english": "Negotiation and reimbursement", "source_language": "Italian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.aifa.gov.it/negoziazione-e-rimborsabilit%C3%A0", "passage_original": "la negoziazione … per la rimborsabilità e il prezzo dei medicinali", "passage_english": "negotiation for medicine reimbursement and price.", "local_term": "classe di rimborsabilità", "literal_meaning": "reimbursement class", "functional_meaning": "SSN coverage category", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current page accessed 2026-08-16." }, { "source_id": "JP-01", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "厚生労働省", "title_original": "令和６(2024)年医療施設（動態）調査・病院報告の概況", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Japanese", "publication_date": "26 Sep 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/iryosd/24/", "passage_original": "病院は「医療法人」が5,626施設（…69.8%）…「公的医療機関」が1,182施設（…14.7%）.", "passage_english": "Medical corporations were the largest hospital operator, 5,626 (69.8%), followed by public medical institutions, 1,182 (14.7%).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "published 26 Sep 2025, data 2024. Tier 1. ; operator tables:", "related_urls": [ "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/iryosd/24/dl/02sisetu06.pdf" ] }, { "source_id": "JP-02", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "厚生労働省", "title_original": "令和５年度 国民医療費の構造", "title_english": "Structure of National Medical Expenditure, FY2023", "source_language": "Japanese", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "FY2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-iryohi/23/dl/R05sankou.pdf", "passage_original": "国民医療費総額 48兆915億円... 公費 180,331 (37.5)... 保険料 241,383 (50.2)... 患者負担 56,865 (11.8)", "passage_english": "Total national medical expenditure: ¥48.0915 trillion... public funds: ¥18.0331 trillion (37.5%)... insurance premiums: ¥24.1383 trillion (50.2%)... patient burden: ¥5.6865 trillion (11.8%).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official chart separates public funds, premium contributions, and patient burden within Japan’s National Medical Expenditure accounting boundary.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact labels and values transcribed from the official Japanese chart; figures are in units of ¥100 million." }, { "source_id": "JP-03", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "厚生労働省", "title_original": "令和５年度 国民医療費", "title_english": "Overview of National Medical Expenditure, FY2023", "source_language": "Japanese", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "FY2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-iryohi/23/dl/R05data.pdf", "passage_original": "「国民医療費」は、当該年度内の医療機関等における保険診療の対象となり得る傷病の治療に要した費用を推計したものである。... 患者等負担分のうち全額自費で支払った費用（...保険診療の対象となり得る傷病の治療に要した費用の全額を自費で支払ったもの）の推計値", "passage_english": "‘National Medical Expenditure’ estimates the cost of treating illnesses and injuries that could be covered by insured medical care at medical institutions during the fiscal year... [It includes] an estimate of amounts within the patient etc. burden paid entirely out of pocket for treatment of illnesses and injuries that could be covered by insured medical care.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The Ministry defines a bounded National Medical Expenditure concept; its ‘patient etc. burden’ is therefore not mechanically identical to the broader System of Health Accounts out-of-pocket concept.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpts from the scope and estimation-method sections of the official Japanese PDF." }, { "source_id": "JP-04", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_ids": [ 6, 9, 12 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Devices / capital goods; Price-setting", "institution": "厚生労働省", "title_original": "令和６年度診療報酬改定について", "title_english": "FY2024 medical-fee revision", "source_language": "Japanese", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000188411_00045.html", "passage_original": "薬価基準改定について... 令和６年度診療報酬改定関連省令・告示・通知、材料価格関連告示・通知、DPC関連告示・通知、医療機器の保険適用関連通知...を掲載", "passage_english": "Regarding revision of the drug-price standard... [the page publishes] ministerial ordinances, notices and notifications related to the FY2024 medical-fee revision; notices and notifications related to material prices; DPC-related notices and notifications; and notifications related to insurance coverage of medical devices.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The Ministry’s revision hub publishes national official materials for medical fees, drug prices, material/device prices, DPC and device coverage.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact page labels. This establishes nationally published administered insurance schedules, not ownership of pharmacies, device makers, or providers." }, { "source_id": "JP-05", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "厚生労働省", "title_original": "令和６年度診療報酬改定", "title_english": "System changes (April 2024)", "source_language": "Japanese", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000198659_00017.html", "passage_original": "令和６年度診療報酬改定の改定率：＋0.88%... 診療報酬及び材料価格については令和６年６月１日施行、薬価については令和６年４月１日施行", "passage_english": "FY2024 medical-fee revision rate: +0.88%... Medical fees and material prices took effect on 1 June 2024, while drug prices took effect on 1 April 2024.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official page states the national revision rate and distinct effective dates for medical/material prices and drug prices.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the Ministry page." }, { "source_id": "JP-06", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_ids": [ 3, 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "厚生労働省", "title_original": "医療施設調査", "title_english": "Medical Institutions Survey", "source_language": "Japanese", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/79-1b.html", "passage_original": "（１）静態調査　施設名・施設の所在地、開設者、診療科目、設備、従事者の数及びその勤務の状況、許可病床数...（２）動態調査　施設名・施設の所在地、開設者、診療科目、許可病床数等", "passage_english": "(1) Static survey: facility name and location, operator, clinical departments, equipment, number and working status of personnel, authorized beds... (2) Dynamic survey: facility name and location, operator, clinical departments, authorized beds, etc.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The survey records operator, staffing, beds and equipment as distinct facility attributes; operator counts alone do not establish clinician employment.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the Ministry survey-method page." }, { "source_id": "KR-01", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_ids": [ 6, 9, 12 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Devices / capital goods; Price-setting", "institution": "건강보험심사평가원, 보건복지부 고시 제2024-122호", "title_original": "건강보험 행위 급여·비급여 목록표 및 급여 상대가치점수", "title_english": "Amendment to the covered/non-covered service list and benefit relative-value points, Notice 2024-122", "source_language": "Korean", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hira.or.kr/rc/drug/insuadtcrtr/bbsView.do?brdBltNo=52702&brdScnBltNo=4&isPopupYn=Y&pgmid=HIRAA030069000400", "passage_original": "[질병군] 고시 제2024-122호 「건강보험 행위 급여·비급여 목록표 및 급여 상대가치점수」 일부개정 (2024.7.1.적용 일자별수가 파일 포함)", "passage_english": "[Diagnosis-related groups] Partial amendment of Notice No. 2024-122, ‘List of covered and non-covered health-insurance services and relative-value points for benefits’ (including date-specific fee files effective 1 July 2024).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "HIRA publishes the national covered/non-covered service list, relative-value-point amendments and fee files; this is payment-rule evidence, not provider or pharmacy ownership evidence.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact title from the HIRA notice page. It supports publication and administration of insured payment rules, but not the broader proposition that the page alone proves every aspect of claims administration." }, { "source_id": "KR-02", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "건강보험심사평가원", "title_original": "보건복지부 고시 제2024-233호", "title_english": "Amendment to the covered/non-covered service list and benefit relative-value points, Notice 2024-233", "source_language": "Korean", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hira.or.kr/bbsDummy.do?brdBltNo=11197&brdScnBltNo=4&pageIndex=1&pgmid=HIRAA020002000100", "passage_original": "[행위] 고시 제2024-233호 「건강보험 행위 급여·비급여 목록표 및 급여 상대가치점수」일부개정... 이 고시는 2024년 12월 1일부터 시행한다.", "passage_english": "[Services] Partial amendment of Notice No. 2024-233, ‘List of covered and non-covered health-insurance services and relative-value points for benefits’... This notice takes effect on 1 December 2024.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "HIRA publishes effective-dated amendments to the national insurance benefit/non-benefit and relative-value schedule.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact title and effective-date sentence from the HIRA notice page; not ownership evidence." }, { "source_id": "KR-03", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "국민건강보험공단", "title_original": "2023년 건강보험료율", "title_english": "Notice of the 2023 health-insurance contribution-rate increase", "source_language": "Korean", "publication_date": "Jan 2023", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nhis.or.kr/static/alim/paper/oldpaper/202301/sub/23.html", "passage_original": "직장가입자 건강보험료율: 6.99%(2022년) ⇨ 7.09%(2023년)", "passage_english": "Employee-insured health-insurance contribution rate: 6.99% (2022) → 7.09% (2023).", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The official NHIS notice establishes the employee-insured statutory contribution rate for 2023.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact line from the NHIS webzine notice; it is a contribution-rate fact, not a complete health-financing-share measure." }, { "source_id": "KR-04", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "국민건강보험공단·건강보험심사평가원", "title_original": "2023 건강보험통계연보", "title_english": "2023 Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook", "source_language": "Korean", "publication_date": "Nov 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hira.or.kr/bbsDummy.do?brdBltNo=2415&brdScnBltNo=4&pgmid=HIRAA020045010000", "passage_original": "건강보험통계연보는 양 기관이 건강보험제도 운영을 통해 수집한 보건의료 데이터를 바탕으로, 건강보험 적용인구, 재정현황, 급여실적, 심사실적, 적정성 평가, 질병통계 등 다양한 통계 정보를 생성하여 제공하고 있습니다.", "passage_english": "Based on health-care data collected by the two institutions through operation of the health-insurance system, the Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook produces and provides statistics including the covered population, financial status, benefit performance, claims-review performance, quality assessment and disease statistics.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The joint HIRA/NHIS yearbook covers insured population, finances, benefits, claims review, quality and disease statistics; its provider counts are not automatically ownership counts.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact sentence from the foreword of the official Korean PDF." }, { "source_id": "KR-05", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "보건복지부", "title_original": "2024년 비급여 보고제도", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Korean", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?act=view&bid=0027&list_no=1480519&mid=a10503010100&nPage=98&tag=", "passage_original": "병원급은 연 2회, 의원급은 연 1회 보고.", "passage_english": "Hospitals report twice a year, clinics once a year.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "2024. Tier 1/2" }, { "source_id": "KR-06", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "대한민국 정책브리핑 / 보건복지부", "title_original": "제3기 병상수급 기본시책(2023~2027)", "title_english": "Maintaining an appropriate level of beds and preventing concentration of care in the capital region", "source_language": "Korean", "publication_date": "2023", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/policyNewsView.do?newsId=148918722", "passage_original": "각 지역을 ▲(병상) 공급 제한 ▲공급 조정 ▲공급 가능 지역으로 구분... 100병상 이상의 종합병원 병상 신증설 시, 300병상 이상 종합병원과 수도권 상급종합병원 분원 개설 시에는 사전 승인 등을 받도록 의료법 개정을 추진할 예정이다.", "passage_english": "Regions are classified as bed-supply restriction, supply adjustment, or supply-permitted areas... The government plans to amend the Medical Service Act to require prior approval for new or expanded beds at general hospitals with at least 100 beds, and for opening general hospitals with at least 300 beds or branches of tertiary general hospitals in the capital region.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The 2023–2027 policy classifies regional bed-supply conditions and announced proposed prior-approval rules for specified hospital expansions/openings.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the official Korea Policy Briefing article. The prior-approval measure was described as a planned statutory amendment, not as already-effective law." }, { "source_id": "LV-01", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Centrālā statistikas pārvalde (CSP), source SPKC", "title_original": "“VAS110: Stacionāru gultu fonda izmantošanas rādītāji pēc slimnīcas piederības reģionos.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Updated 9 December 2025; data year 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__VES__VA__VAG/VAS110/", "passage_original": "PAVISAM 9 297 … Veselības ministrijas sistēmā 5 096 … privātajās 537", "passage_english": "Total 9,297 … Ministry of Health system 5,096 … private 537", "local_term": "piederība", "literal_meaning": "affiliation/belonging", "functional_meaning": "affiliation/belonging", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Centrālā statistikas pārvalde (CSP), source SPKC. Updated 9 December 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “PAVISAM 9 297 … Veselības ministrijas sistēmā 5 096 … privātajās 537.” Translation: “Total 9,297 … Ministry of Health system 5,096 … private 537.” Term: piederība, affiliation/belonging. Tier T1; confidence High for affiliation counts, Low for legal ownership." }, { "source_id": "LV-02", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Slimību profilakses un kontroles centrs (SPKC)", "title_original": "“RES015. Ārstniecības iestāžu skaits pēc darbības profila.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "No publication date displayed; accessed 16 August 2026; data year 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.spkc.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/Health/Health__Veselibas_aprupes_resursi/RES015_Arstn_iestazu_skaits.px/", "passage_original": "Stacionārās ārstniecības iestādes 55 … Ambulatorās ārstniecības iestādes 4 054", "passage_english": "Inpatient institutions 55 … ambulatory institutions 4,054", "local_term": "darbības profils", "literal_meaning": "activity profile", "functional_meaning": "activity profile", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Slimību profilakses un kontroles centrs (SPKC). No publication date displayed; accessed 16 August 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “Stacionārās ārstniecības iestādes 55 … Ambulatorās ārstniecības iestādes 4 054.” Translation: “Inpatient institutions 55 … ambulatory institutions 4,054.” Term: darbības profils, activity profile. Tier T1; confidence High for provider counts, no ownership inference." }, { "source_id": "LV-03", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "SPKC", "title_original": "“RES020. Ārstniecības personu skaits pa reģioniem un pilsētām.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Updated 9 July 2026; data year 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.spkc.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/Health/Health__Veselibas_aprupes_resursi/RES020_AP_SR_pilsetas.px/", "passage_original": "Ārsti 6 392 … Māsas 7 647", "passage_english": "Physicians 6,392 … nurses 7,647", "local_term": "praktizējošās ārstniecības personas", "literal_meaning": "practising healthcare personnel", "functional_meaning": "practising healthcare personnel", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: SPKC. Updated 9 July 2026; data year 2025. Quote: “Ārsti 6 392 … Māsas 7 647.” Translation: “Physicians 6,392 … nurses 7,647.” Term: praktizējošās ārstniecības personas, practising healthcare personnel. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-04", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "SPKC", "title_original": "“RES010. Ārstu skaits pa specialitātēm.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Updated 9 July 2026; data year 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statistika.spkc.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/Health/Health__Veselibas_aprupes_resursi/RES010_Arsti_pa_spec.px/", "passage_original": "Ģimenes (vispārējās prakses) ārsts 1 431", "passage_english": "Family (general-practice) physician 1,431", "local_term": "ģimenes ārsts", "literal_meaning": "family physician", "functional_meaning": "family physician", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: SPKC. Updated 9 July 2026; data year 2025. Quote: “Ģimenes (vispārējās prakses) ārsts 1 431.” Translation: “Family (general-practice) physician 1,431.” Term: ģimenes ārsts, family physician. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-05", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte", "title_original": "“Medicīna.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current admissions page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rsu.lv/studiju-programma/medicina", "passage_original": "Studiju ilgums: 6 gadi … 360 ECTS", "passage_english": "Duration: 6 years … 360 ECTS", "local_term": "budžeta vieta", "literal_meaning": "state-budget study place", "functional_meaning": "state-budget study place", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte. Current admissions page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Studiju ilgums: 6 gadi … 360 ECTS.” Translation: “Duration: 6 years … 360 ECTS.” Term: budžeta vieta, state-budget study place. Tier T3; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-06", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, jointly linking RSU/Latvijas Universitāte rules", "title_original": "“Uzņemšanas noteikumi” (section “Vienotie uzņemšanas noteikumi rezidentūrā”)", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current 2026/27 page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026/27", "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rsu.lv/studiju-iespejas/uznemsana/uznemsanas-noteikumi", "passage_original": "Vienotie uzņemšanas noteikumi rezidentūrā", "passage_english": "Unified admissions rules for residency", "local_term": "rezidentūra", "literal_meaning": "residency", "functional_meaning": "residency", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, jointly linking RSU/Latvijas Universitāte rules. Current 2026/27 page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Vienotie uzņemšanas noteikumi rezidentūrā.” Translation: “Unified admissions rules for residency.” Term: rezidentūra, residency. Tier T3; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-07", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 2, 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Veselības ministrija", "title_original": "“Rezidentūras vietu plānojums 2024./2025.–2026./2027.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Published planning document 2024; horizons 2024/25–2026/27.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2024/25", "2026/27" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vm.gov.lv/lv/media/15108/download", "passage_original": "2024./2025. — 289; 2025./2026. — 279; 2026./2027. — 275", "passage_english": "unchanged numerals; planned residency places by academic year", "local_term": "rezidentu vietu skaits", "literal_meaning": "number of residency places", "functional_meaning": "number of residency places", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Veselības ministrija. Published planning document 2024; horizons 2024/25–2026/27. Quote: “2024./2025. — 289; 2025./2026. — 279; 2026./2027. — 275.” Translation: unchanged numerals; planned residency places by academic year. Term: rezidentu vietu skaits, number of residency places. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-08", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Veselības ministrija", "title_original": "“Veselības ministrijas kapitālsabiedrības.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Updated 30 April 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vm.gov.lv/lv/veselibas-ministrijas-kapitalsabiedribas", "passage_original": "Veselības ministrija ir valsts kapitāla daļu turētāja", "passage_english": "The Ministry of Health is the holder of state capital shares", "local_term": "valsts kapitāla daļu turētāja", "literal_meaning": "holder of state shares", "functional_meaning": "holder of state shares", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Veselības ministrija. Updated 30 April 2026. Quote: “Veselības ministrija ir valsts kapitāla daļu turētāja.” Translation: “The Ministry of Health is the holder of state capital shares.” Term: valsts kapitāla daļu turētāja, holder of state shares. Tier T2; confidence High for named companies only." }, { "source_id": "LV-09", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Likumi.lv / Saeima", "title_original": "“Veselības aprūpes finansēšanas likums.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://likumi.lv/ta/id/296188-veselibas-aprupes-finansesanas-likums", "passage_original": "Veselības aprūpes finansēšanas avoti ir valsts budžeta dotācija … pacientu līdzmaksājumi", "passage_english": "Healthcare financing sources are the state-budget grant … patient co-payments", "local_term": "finansēšanas avoti", "literal_meaning": "financing sources", "functional_meaning": "financing sources", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Likumi.lv / Saeima. Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Veselības aprūpes finansēšanas avoti ir valsts budžeta dotācija … pacientu līdzmaksājumi.” Translation: “Healthcare financing sources are the state-budget grant … patient co-payments.” Term: finansēšanas avoti, financing sources. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-10", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 5, 9, 11, 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Likumi.lv / Ministru kabinets", "title_original": "“Nacionālā veselības dienesta nolikums.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current regulation accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://likumi.lv/ta/id/239184-nacionala-veselibas-dienesta-nolikums", "passage_original": "administrē veselības aprūpei paredzētos valsts budžeta līdzekļus", "passage_english": "administers state-budget funds intended for healthcare", "local_term": "administrē", "literal_meaning": "administers", "functional_meaning": "administers", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Likumi.lv / Ministru kabinets. Current regulation accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “administrē veselības aprūpei paredzētos valsts budžeta līdzekļus.” Translation: “administers state-budget funds intended for healthcare.” Term: administrē, administers. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-11", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 5, 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Likumi.lv / Ministru kabinets", "title_original": "“Veselības aprūpes pakalpojumu organizēšanas un samaksas kārtība,” Ministru kabineta noteikumi Nr. 555", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated regulation accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://likumi.lv/ta/id/301399-veselibas-aprupes-pakalpojumu-organizesanas-un-samaksas-kartiba", "passage_original": "kapitācijas nauda … fiksētie maksājumi … manipulāciju apmaksa", "passage_english": "capitation payment … fixed payments … payment for procedures", "local_term": "samaksas kārtība", "literal_meaning": "payment procedure", "functional_meaning": "payment procedure", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Likumi.lv / Ministru kabinets. Current consolidated regulation accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “kapitācijas nauda … fiksētie maksājumi … manipulāciju apmaksa.” Translation: “capitation payment … fixed payments … payment for procedures.” Term: samaksas kārtība, payment procedure. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-12", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "NVD", "title_original": "“Medicīnas pakalpojumu iekļaušana un tarifu pārrēķināšana.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vmnvd.gov.lv/lv/medicinas-pakalpojumu-ieklausana-un-tarifu-parrekinasana", "passage_original": "Dienests izvērtē … aprēķina pakalpojuma tarifu un ietekmi uz valsts budžetu", "passage_english": "The Service evaluates … calculates the service tariff and impact on the state budget", "local_term": "tarifu pārrēķināšana", "literal_meaning": "tariff recalculation", "functional_meaning": "tariff recalculation", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: NVD. Current page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Dienests izvērtē … aprēķina pakalpojuma tarifu un ietekmi uz valsts budžetu.” Translation: “The Service evaluates … calculates the service tariff and impact on the state budget.” Term: tarifu pārrēķināšana, tariff recalculation. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-13", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 6, 8, 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Likumi.lv / Ministru kabinets", "title_original": "“Noteikumi par zāļu cenu veidošanas principiem.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated regulation accessed 16 August 2026; major amendments effective 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://likumi.lv/ta/id/120074-noteikumi-par-zalu-cenu-veidosanas-principiem", "passage_original": "zāļu ražotāja cena … lieltirgotavas cena … aptiekas cena", "passage_english": "manufacturer price … wholesale price … pharmacy price", "local_term": "cenu veidošanas principi", "literal_meaning": "price-formation principles", "functional_meaning": "price-formation principles", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Likumi.lv / Ministru kabinets. Current consolidated regulation accessed 16 August 2026; major amendments effective 2025. Quote: “zāļu ražotāja cena … lieltirgotavas cena … aptiekas cena.” Translation: “manufacturer price … wholesale price … pharmacy price.” Term: cenu veidošanas principi, price-formation principles. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-14", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "NVD", "title_original": "“Kompensējamo zāļu saraksti.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Current list page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vmnvd.gov.lv/lv/kompensejamo-zalu-saraksti", "passage_original": "A saraksts … līdzvērtīgas terapeitiskās efektivitātes zāles", "passage_english": "List A … medicines of equivalent therapeutic effectiveness", "local_term": "references zāles", "literal_meaning": "reference medicine", "functional_meaning": "reference medicine", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: NVD. Current list page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “A saraksts … līdzvērtīgas terapeitiskās efektivitātes zāles.” Translation: “List A … medicines of equivalent therapeutic effectiveness.” Term: references zāles, reference medicine. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-15", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Finanšu ministrija", "title_original": "“Farmācija.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Published 2 February 2026; data year 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.fm.gov.lv/lv/farmacija-5", "passage_original": "2025. gadā Latvijā darbojās 773 vispārēja tipa aptiekas", "passage_english": "In 2025, 773 general-type pharmacies operated in Latvia", "local_term": "vispārēja tipa aptieka", "literal_meaning": "general-type pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "general-type pharmacy", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Finanšu ministrija. Published 2 February 2026; data year 2025. Quote: “2025. gadā Latvijā darbojās 773 vispārēja tipa aptiekas.” Translation: “In 2025, 773 general-type pharmacies operated in Latvia.” Term: vispārēja tipa aptieka, general-type pharmacy. Tier T2; confidence High for count, Low for ownership (not supplied)." }, { "source_id": "LV-16", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Latvijas Biomedicīnas pētījumu un studiju centrs", "title_original": "“Latvijas Biomedicīnas pētījumu un studiju centra attīstības stratēģija 2022.–2026.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Approved 10 December 2024; staffing data December 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://biomed.lu.lv/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/BMC_Attistibas_strategija_2022-2026_APSTIPRINATA_10.12.2024.pdf", "passage_original": "Valsts zinātniskais institūts – atvasināta publiska persona", "passage_english": "State scientific institute—a derived public person", "local_term": "atvasināta publiska persona", "literal_meaning": "autonomous public-law body", "functional_meaning": "autonomous public-law body", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Latvijas Biomedicīnas pētījumu un studiju centrs. Approved 10 December 2024; staffing data December 2024. Quote: “Valsts zinātniskais institūts – atvasināta publiska persona.” Translation: “State scientific institute—a derived public person.” Term: atvasināta publiska persona, autonomous public-law body. Tier T3; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-17", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Latvijas Organiskās sintēzes institūts", "title_original": "“Nobela prēmijas ķīmijā laureātu darbs palīdz zāļvielu izstrādē Latvijā.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Published 15 October 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.osi.lv/nobela-premijas-kimija-laureatu-darbs-palidz-zalvielu-izstrade-latvija/", "passage_original": "jaunu zāļvielu izstrāde ir viens no institūta galvenajiem pētniecības virzieniem", "passage_english": "development of new active substances is one of the institute’s principal research directions", "local_term": "zāļvielu izstrāde", "literal_meaning": "active-substance/drug discovery", "functional_meaning": "active-substance/drug discovery", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Latvijas Organiskās sintēzes institūts. Published 15 October 2024. Quote: “jaunu zāļvielu izstrāde ir viens no institūta galvenajiem pētniecības virzieniem.” Translation: “development of new active substances is one of the institute’s principal research directions.” Term: zāļvielu izstrāde, active-substance/drug discovery. Tier T3; confidence High for public R&D." }, { "source_id": "LV-18", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Veselības ministrija", "title_original": "“Klīniskās universitātes slimnīcas iegādājušās medicīniskās iekārtas Onkoloģijas plāna ietvaros.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Published 9 January 2024; investment period 2022–24.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2022–24" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vm.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/kliniskas-universitates-slimnicas-iegadajusas-mediciniskas-iekartas-onkologijas-plana-ietvaros", "passage_original": "kopējais finansējums … 19,84 miljoni eiro", "passage_english": "total financing … €19.84 million", "local_term": "medicīniskās iekārtas", "literal_meaning": "medical equipment", "functional_meaning": "medical equipment", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Veselības ministrija. Published 9 January 2024; investment period 2022–24. Quote: “kopējais finansējums … 19,84 miljoni eiro.” Translation: “total financing … €19.84 million.” Term: medicīniskās iekārtas, medical equipment. Tier T2; confidence High for programme procurement, not manufacture." }, { "source_id": "LV-19", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "NVD", "title_original": "“Par valsts apmaksāto medicīnas pakalpojumu izmaksām e-pakalpojumā interesējas vidēji 237 reizes mēnesī.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Published 2024; service current.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vmnvd.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/par-valsts-apmaksato-medicinas-pakalpojumu-izmaksam-e-pakalpojuma-interesejas-videji-237-reizes-menesi-nvd-atgadina-par-iespeju-sekot-lidz-sanemtajiem-valsts-apmaksatiem-pakalpojumiem", "passage_original": "informācija par … valsts apmaksātajiem veselības aprūpes pakalpojumiem un to izmaksām", "passage_english": "information about state-paid healthcare services and their costs", "local_term": "e-pakalpojums", "literal_meaning": "electronic service", "functional_meaning": "electronic service", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: NVD. Published 2024; service current. Quote: “informācija par … valsts apmaksātajiem veselības aprūpes pakalpojumiem un to izmaksām.” Translation: “information about state-paid healthcare services and their costs.” Term: e-pakalpojums, electronic service. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LV-20", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Veselības ministrija", "title_original": "“Valdība atbalsta slimnīcu tīkla attīstības plānu.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Latvian", "publication_date": "Published 30 April 2024; planning period through 2027.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2027" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vm.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/valdiba-atbalsta-slimnicu-tikla-attistibas-planu", "passage_original": "pārskatīt slimnīcu līmeņus un sniegto pakalpojumu klāstu", "passage_english": "review hospital levels and the range of services provided", "local_term": "slimnīcu tīkls", "literal_meaning": "hospital network", "functional_meaning": "hospital network", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Veselības ministrija. Published 30 April 2024; planning period through 2027. Quote: “pārskatīt slimnīcu līmeņus un sniegto pakalpojumu klāstu.” Translation: “review hospital levels and the range of services provided.” Term: slimnīcu tīkls, hospital network. Tier T2; confidence High for planning." }, { "source_id": "LT-01", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Higienos institutas (HI)", "title_original": "“Lietuvos sveikatos statistika 2023.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published Vilnius 2024; data year 2023.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hi.lt/uploads/Statistikos_leidiniai_Sveikatos_statistika/la2023.pdf", "passage_original": "veikė 75 valstybės ir savivaldybių ligoninės … 14 ligoninių", "passage_english": "75 state and municipal hospitals operated … [private respondents included] 14 hospitals", "local_term": "valstybės ir savivaldybių", "literal_meaning": "state and municipal", "functional_meaning": "state and municipal", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Higienos institutas (HI). Published Vilnius 2024; data year 2023. Quote: “veikė 75 valstybės ir savivaldybių ligoninės … 14 ligoninių.” Translation: “75 state and municipal hospitals operated … [private respondents included] 14 hospitals.” Term: valstybės ir savivaldybių, state and municipal. Tier T1; confidence High for public numerator, Low for national owner denominator because private response was 80.7%." }, { "source_id": "LT-02", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "HI", "title_original": "“Lietuvos gyventojų sveikata ir sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų veikla 2023 m.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Prepared/published 2024; data year 2023.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hi.lt/uploads/Statistikos_leidiniai_Gyventoju_sveikata/leid2023.pdf", "passage_original": "Iš viso 21 672 … SAM sistema be privačių 20 374 … privačios 786", "passage_english": "Total 21,672 … Ministry system excluding private 20,374 … private 786", "local_term": "SAM sistema", "literal_meaning": "Ministry-of-Health system/affiliation", "functional_meaning": "Ministry-of-Health system/affiliation", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: HI. Prepared/published 2024; data year 2023. Quote: “Iš viso 21 672 … SAM sistema be privačių 20 374 … privačios 786.” Translation: “Total 21,672 … Ministry system excluding private 20,374 … private 786.” Term: SAM sistema, Ministry-of-Health system/affiliation. Tier T1; confidence High for table values, Medium/Low for legal ownership." }, { "source_id": "LT-03", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "HI", "title_original": "legacy copy of “Lietuvos gyventojų sveikata ir sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų veikla 2023 m.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 2024; data year 2023.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.hi.lt/uploads/Institutas/leidiniai/Statistikos/LT_gyv_sveikata/leid2023.pdf", "passage_original": "Iš viso 21 642 … privačios 756", "passage_english": "Total 21,642 … private 756", "local_term": "pavaldumas", "literal_meaning": "subordination/affiliation", "functional_meaning": "subordination/affiliation", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "low", "notes": "Institution: HI. Published 2024; data year 2023. Quote: “Iš viso 21 642 … privačios 756.” Translation: “Total 21,642 … private 756.” Term: pavaldumas, subordination/affiliation. Tier T1; confidence Low because it conflicts with LT-02 by 30 beds." }, { "source_id": "LT-04", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Vilniaus universitetas", "title_original": "“Medicina.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Current integrated-programme page accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vu.lt/stojantiesiems/vientisosios/medicina", "passage_original": "Vientisosios studijos … Medicina", "passage_english": "Integrated studies … Medicine", "local_term": "vientisosios studijos", "literal_meaning": "integrated degree studies", "functional_meaning": "integrated degree studies", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Vilniaus universitetas. Current integrated-programme page accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “Vientisosios studijos … Medicina.” Translation: “Integrated studies … Medicine.” Term: vientisosios studijos, integrated degree studies. Tier T3; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-05", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Sveikatos apsaugos ministerija (SAM)", "title_original": "“Siekiant į regionus pritraukti daugiau specialistų, didės valstybės finansuojamų vietų … studijoms.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 2025; intake year 2025/26.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2025/26" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sam.lrv.lt/lt/news/siekiant-i-regionus-pritraukti-daugiau-specialistu-dides-valstybes-finansuojamu-vietu-slaugos-odontologines-prieziuros-ir-ergoterapijos-studijoms/", "passage_original": "medicinos studijoms – 365 valstybės finansuojamos vietos", "passage_english": "365 state-financed places for medicine studies", "local_term": "valstybės finansuojama vieta", "literal_meaning": "state-financed place", "functional_meaning": "state-financed place", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Sveikatos apsaugos ministerija (SAM). Published 2025; intake year 2025/26. Quote: “medicinos studijoms – 365 valstybės finansuojamos vietos.” Translation: “365 state-financed places for medicine studies.” Term: valstybės finansuojama vieta, state-financed place. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-06", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "SAM", "title_original": "“Būsimiems medikams planuojama skirti daugiau valstybės finansuojamų studijų vietų.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 10 January 2025; residency intake 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sam.lrv.lt/lt/news/busimiems-medikams-planuojama-skirti-daugiau-valstybes-finansuojamu-studiju-vietu/", "passage_original": "rezidentūros studijoms siūloma skirti 385 valstybės finansuojamas vietas", "passage_english": "385 state-financed residency places are proposed", "local_term": "rezidentūros studijos", "literal_meaning": "residency studies", "functional_meaning": "residency studies", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: SAM. Published 10 January 2025; residency intake 2025. Quote: “rezidentūros studijoms siūloma skirti 385 valstybės finansuojamas vietas.” Translation: “385 state-financed residency places are proposed.” Term: rezidentūros studijos, residency studies. Tier T2; confidence High for proposed state capacity." }, { "source_id": "LT-07", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 5, 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“Ligonių kasos baigė sutarčių pasirašymą: paskirstyta beveik 3 milijardai.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 2025; contract year 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/ligoniu-kasos-baige-sutarciu-pasirasyma-paskirstyta-beveik-3-milijardai/", "passage_original": "sutartis sudarė 383 pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos", "passage_english": "383 primary-healthcare institutions concluded contracts", "local_term": "sutartis", "literal_meaning": "contract", "functional_meaning": "contract", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Published 2025; contract year 2025. Quote: “sutartis sudarė 383 pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos.” Translation: “383 primary-healthcare institutions concluded contracts.” Term: sutartis, contract. Tier T2; confidence High for contracted count, not ownership." }, { "source_id": "LT-08", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "e-Seimas / Seimas", "title_original": "“Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos draudimo įstatymas.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/rs/actualedition/TAIS.28356/ttgqdhtLPA/", "passage_original": "surinktos įmokos per tris dienas pervedamos į Valstybinės ligonių kasos Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo fondo sąskaitą", "passage_english": "collected contributions are transferred within three days to VLK’s PSDF account", "local_term": "privalomojo sveikatos draudimo įmoka", "literal_meaning": "compulsory health-insurance contribution", "functional_meaning": "compulsory health-insurance contribution", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: e-Seimas / Seimas. Current consolidated statute accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “surinktos įmokos per tris dienas pervedamos į Valstybinės ligonių kasos Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo fondo sąskaitą.” Translation: “collected contributions are transferred within three days to VLK’s PSDF account.” Term: privalomojo sveikatos draudimo įmoka, compulsory health-insurance contribution. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-09", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“PSD sistema, jos organizavimas, problemos, planuojami pokyčiai ir PSDF biudžetas.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Presented 4 December 2024; budget year 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/public/canonical/1733305948/12181/PSD%20sistema%2C%20jos%20organizavimas%2C%20problemos%2C%20planuojami%20poky%C4%8Diai%20ir%20PSDF%20biud%C5%BEetas%20SRK%202024%2012%2004.pdf", "passage_original": "Dirbančiųjų įmokos 69 proc. … valstybės įmokos 26 proc", "passage_english": "Workers’ contributions 69% … state contributions 26%", "local_term": "PSDF biudžeto pajamos", "literal_meaning": "PSDF budget revenue", "functional_meaning": "PSDF budget revenue", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Presented 4 December 2024; budget year 2025. Quote: “Dirbančiųjų įmokos 69 proc. … valstybės įmokos 26 proc.” Translation: “Workers’ contributions 69% … state contributions 26%.” Term: PSDF biudžeto pajamos, PSDF budget revenue. Tier T2; confidence High; not the same denominator as SHA spending shares." }, { "source_id": "LT-10", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "e-Seimas / SAM", "title_original": "“Dėl sutarčių su asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigomis … perėmimo.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Effective 1 July 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/rs/legalact/TAD/38ed2f0060e911f0a19dcea0bcc863ad/", "passage_original": "sutartys laikomos sudarytomis su Valstybine ligonių kasa", "passage_english": "contracts are deemed concluded with the State Patient Fund", "local_term": "sutarčių perėmimas", "literal_meaning": "transfer/consolidation of contracts", "functional_meaning": "transfer/consolidation of contracts", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: e-Seimas / SAM. Effective 1 July 2025. Quote: “sutartys laikomos sudarytomis su Valstybine ligonių kasa.” Translation: “contracts are deemed concluded with the State Patient Fund.” Term: sutarčių perėmimas, transfer/consolidation of contracts. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-11", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“Sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų bazinės kainos.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Updated 2 July 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/gydymo-istaigoms-ir-partneriams/kompensuojamuju-paslaugu-kainos/sveikatos-prieziuros-paslaugu-bazines-kainos/", "passage_original": "aktyviojo gydymo … bazinės kainos … išreikštos balais", "passage_english": "active-treatment … base prices … expressed in points", "local_term": "bazinė kaina", "literal_meaning": "base reimbursement price", "functional_meaning": "base reimbursement price", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Updated 2 July 2026. Quote: “aktyviojo gydymo … bazinės kainos … išreikštos balais.” Translation: “active-treatment … base prices … expressed in points.” Term: bazinė kaina, base reimbursement price. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-12", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "e-Seimas / SAM", "title_original": "“Dėl stacionarinių aktyviojo gydymo paslaugų apmokėjimo pagal giminingų diagnozių grupes.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Current consolidated order accessed 16 August 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/rs/actualedition/TAIS.67832/iHvyCujmIN/", "passage_original": "apmokėjimo pagal giminingų diagnozių grupes metodika", "passage_english": "payment methodology by diagnosis-related groups", "local_term": "giminingų diagnozių grupė", "literal_meaning": "DRG", "functional_meaning": "DRG", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: e-Seimas / SAM. Current consolidated order accessed 16 August 2026. Quote: “apmokėjimo pagal giminingų diagnozių grupes metodika.” Translation: “payment methodology by diagnosis-related groups.” Term: giminingų diagnozių grupė, DRG. Tier T1; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-13", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“Nuo paraiškos iki paciento: kompensuojamųjų vaistų kelias Lietuvoje.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 14 January 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/nuo-paraiskos-iki-paciento-kompensuojamuju-vaistu-kelias-lietuvoje/", "passage_original": "bazinė kaina apskaičiuojama pagal trijų mažiausių Europos Sąjungos šalių kainų vidurkį", "passage_english": "the base price is calculated using the average of the three lowest EU-country prices", "local_term": "kompensuojamojo vaisto bazinė kaina", "literal_meaning": "reimbursed-drug base price", "functional_meaning": "reimbursed-drug base price", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Published 14 January 2025. Quote: “bazinė kaina apskaičiuojama pagal trijų mažiausių Europos Sąjungos šalių kainų vidurkį.” Translation: “the base price is calculated using the average of the three lowest EU-country prices.” Term: kompensuojamojo vaisto bazinė kaina, reimbursed-drug base price. Tier T2; confidence High as a functional summary of statutory rules." }, { "source_id": "LT-14", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“Medicinos pagalbos priemonių bazinių kainų nustatymo metodika,” įsakymas Nr. 1K-176", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Dated 30 April 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/public/canonical/1777552305/14187/2026-04-30%20Nr.1K-176.pdf", "passage_original": "funkciškai panašių medicinos pagalbos priemonių grupė", "passage_english": "group of functionally similar medical-aid devices", "local_term": "medicinos pagalbos priemonė (MPP)", "literal_meaning": "reimbursed medical-aid device/supply", "functional_meaning": "reimbursed medical-aid device/supply", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Dated 30 April 2026. Quote: “funkciškai panašių medicinos pagalbos priemonių grupė.” Translation: “group of functionally similar medical-aid devices.” Term: medicinos pagalbos priemonė (MPP), reimbursed medical-aid device/supply. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-15", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“Ligonių kasų elektroninės paslaugos – daugiau patogumo gyventojams.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 23 January 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/ligoniu-kasu-elektronines-paslaugos-daugiau-patogumo-gyventojams/", "passage_original": "informaciją apie … suteiktų gydymo paslaugų kainas ir finansavimo šaltinius", "passage_english": "information about the costs and financing sources of treatment services received", "local_term": "elektroninės paslaugos", "literal_meaning": "electronic services", "functional_meaning": "electronic services", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Published 23 January 2025. Quote: “informaciją apie … suteiktų gydymo paslaugų kainas ir finansavimo šaltinius.” Translation: “information about the costs and financing sources of treatment services received.” Term: elektroninės paslaugos, electronic services. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-16", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "“Nemokėkite be pagrindo: ligonių kasos paaiškina pacientų teises.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 18 April 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/nemokekite-be-pagrindo-ligoniu-kasos-paaiskina-pacientu-teises/", "passage_original": "už PSDF lėšomis apmokamas paslaugas papildomai mokėti nereikia", "passage_english": "no additional payment is required for services paid from PSDF", "local_term": "priemoka", "literal_meaning": "additional patient payment", "functional_meaning": "additional patient payment", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VLK. Published 18 April 2025. Quote: “už PSDF lėšomis apmokamas paslaugas papildomai mokėti nereikia.” Translation: “no additional payment is required for services paid from PSDF.” Term: priemoka, additional patient payment. Tier T2; confidence High subject to stated exceptions." }, { "source_id": "LT-17", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 6, 8 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Valstybinė vaistų kontrolės tarnyba (VVKT)", "title_original": "“Farmacinė licencijuojama veikla: sąrašai.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Updated 20 July 2026.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://vvkt.lrv.lt/lt/farmacine-licencijuojama-veikla_pagr_menu/sarasai_farm_lic_veikla/", "passage_original": "Vaistinių preparatų gamintojų … licencijų sąrašai", "passage_english": "Lists of licences of medicinal-product manufacturers", "local_term": "licencijuojama veikla", "literal_meaning": "licensed activity", "functional_meaning": "licensed activity", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Valstybinė vaistų kontrolės tarnyba (VVKT). Updated 20 July 2026. Quote: “Vaistinių preparatų gamintojų … licencijų sąrašai.” Translation: “Lists of licences of medicinal-product manufacturers.” Term: licencijuojama veikla, licensed activity. Tier T2; confidence High for licence holders, Low for owner classification." }, { "source_id": "LT-18", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 7 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VVKT", "title_original": "“Informacija apie vykstančius klinikinius tyrimus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Updated January 2025; current studies.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://vvkt.lrv.lt/lt/klinikiniai-tyrimai_pagr_menu/informacija-apie-vykstancius-tyrimus/", "passage_original": "užsakovas … tyrimo centrai … pagrindiniai tyrėjai", "passage_english": "sponsor … trial centres … principal investigators", "local_term": "klinikinio tyrimo užsakovas", "literal_meaning": "clinical-trial sponsor", "functional_meaning": "clinical-trial sponsor", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: VVKT. Updated January 2025; current studies. Quote: “užsakovas … tyrimo centrai … pagrindiniai tyrėjai.” Translation: “sponsor … trial centres … principal investigators.” Term: klinikinio tyrimo užsakovas, clinical-trial sponsor. Tier T2; confidence High." }, { "source_id": "LT-19", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 7, 8, 10 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas", "title_original": "“Farmacinių technologijų institutas.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Current page accessed 16 August 2026; projects current 2024–25.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2024–25" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://lsmu.lt/apie-lsmu/lsmu-struktura/medicinos-akademija/farmacijos-fakultetas/farmaciniu-technologiju-institutas/", "passage_original": "vykdo farmacinių technologijų ir vaistų formų tyrimus", "passage_english": "conducts research in pharmaceutical technologies and dosage forms", "local_term": "farmacinės technologijos", "literal_meaning": "pharmaceutical technologies", "functional_meaning": "pharmaceutical technologies", "evidence_tier": "T3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas. Current page accessed 16 August 2026; projects current 2024–25. Quote: “vykdo farmacinių technologijų ir vaistų formų tyrimus.” Translation: “conducts research in pharmaceutical technologies and dosage forms.” Term: farmacinės technologijos, pharmaceutical technologies. Tier T3; confidence High for public-university R&D." }, { "source_id": "LT-20", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 10 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "Lietuvos mokslo taryba", "title_original": "“Lietuva ir Taivanas skatina mokslo proveržį biomedicinos ir lazerių technologijose.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 14 August 2025; project round 2025.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://lmt.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/lietuva-ir-taivanas-skatina-mokslo-proverzi-biomedicinos-ir-lazeriu-technologijose-cyi", "passage_original": "Lietuvos pusei skirta 1,99 mln. eurų … dešimčiai projektų", "passage_english": "€1.99 million was allocated to the Lithuanian side … for ten projects", "local_term": "biomedicinos projektai", "literal_meaning": "biomedical projects", "functional_meaning": "biomedical projects", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Lietuvos mokslo taryba. Published 14 August 2025; project round 2025. Quote: “Lietuvos pusei skirta 1,99 mln. eurų … dešimčiai projektų.” Translation: “€1.99 million was allocated to the Lithuanian side … for ten projects.” Term: biomedicinos projektai, biomedical projects. Tier T2; confidence High for public competitive R&D funding." }, { "source_id": "LT-21", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "SAM", "title_original": "“Sveikatos centrų vystymui – per 30 mln. Eur investicijų.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 18 June 2024; investment period 2024–29.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2024–29" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sam.lrv.lt/lt/news/sveikatos-centru-vystymui-per-30-mln-eur-investiciju/", "passage_original": "pirminės sveikatos priežiūros, specializuotų ambulatorinių, dienos … paslaugų infrastruktūrai", "passage_english": "for infrastructure of primary, specialist outpatient and day services", "local_term": "sveikatos centras", "literal_meaning": "coordinated health centre", "functional_meaning": "coordinated health centre", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: SAM. Published 18 June 2024; investment period 2024–29. Quote: “pirminės sveikatos priežiūros, specializuotų ambulatorinių, dienos … paslaugų infrastruktūrai.” Translation: “for infrastructure of primary, specialist outpatient and day services.” Term: sveikatos centras, coordinated health centre. Tier T2; confidence High for programme capital control." }, { "source_id": "LT-22", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "structural", "institution": "VLK", "title_original": "Centralizuotai apmokamų vaistinių preparatų ir medicinos pagalbos priemonių 2024 m. apžvalga.", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Lithuanian", "publication_date": "Published 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ligoniukasa.lrv.lt/public/canonical/1742476677/12732/Centralizuotai%20apmokam%C5%B3%20vaistini%C5%B3%20preparat%C5%B3%20ir%20medicinos%20pagalbos%20priemoni%C5%B3%202024%20m.%20ap%C5%BEvalga.pdf", "passage_original": "centralizuotai apmokami vaistiniai preparatai ir medicinos pagalbos priemonės", "passage_english": "centrally paid medicines and medical-aid devices", "local_term": "centralizuotai apmokami", "literal_meaning": "centrally paid/procured", "functional_meaning": "centrally paid/procured", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "VLK. Published 2025; data year 2024. High confidence for VLK’s selected product channel." }, { "source_id": "LU-01", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 4, 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Ministère de la Santé et de la Sécurité sociale / Observatoire national de la santé", "title_original": "Publication de la Carte sanitaire 2025", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/fr/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2026/06-juin/30-publication-carte-sanitaire.html", "passage_original": "“10 établissements hospitaliers [...] 2.686 lits hospitaliers installés, dont 2.058 lits aigus.”", "passage_english": "“10 hospital establishments [...] 2,686 installed hospital beds, including 2,058 acute beds.”", "local_term": "établissement hospitalier = authorized hospital organization; lit installé = operationally installed bed; neither is an owner category.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "établissement hospitalier = authorized hospital organization; lit installé = operationally installed bed; neither is an owner category.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 30 Jun 2026; data year 2025. Additional URLs: https://obs.gouvernement.lu/fr/rapports/carte-sanitaire/carte-sanitaire2025.html Evidence note: Tier 1; High for service/capacity denominator, owner split absent." }, { "source_id": "LU-02", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 4, 14 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Observatoire national de la santé / Ministry", "title_original": "Carte sanitaire 2025, Fascicule 2 — Établissements hospitaliers et planification", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025", "2026" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://obs.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/observatoire/documents/cartesanitaire2025/fascicule-2/carte-sanitaire-2025-fascicule-2.pdf", "passage_original": "“l’annexe 2 [...] fixe le nombre maximal de lits [...] au niveau national”; “autorisation d’exploitation délivrée par le ministre”.", "passage_english": "“Annex 2 sets the maximum number of beds at national level”; “operating authorization issued by the minister.”", "local_term": "nombre maximal de lits = statutory capacity ceiling; autorisation d’exploitation = permission to operate, not ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "nombre maximal de lits = statutory capacity ceiling; autorisation d’exploitation = permission to operate, not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 2026, planning data 2025–2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-03", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Université du Luxembourg", "title_original": "Bachelor en Médecine and Carrière", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uni.lu/fstm-fr/study-programs/bachelor-en-medecine/", "passage_original": "“3 ans, 180 ECTS”; “Après le Bachelor, vous devez poursuivre vos études de médecine”.", "passage_english": "“3 years, 180 ECTS”; “After the bachelor, you must continue your medical studies.”", "local_term": "Bachelor en Médecine = first three-year university cycle, not full physician qualification.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Bachelor en Médecine = first three-year university cycle, not full physician qualification.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current program pages accessed 16 Aug 2026; 2026 admissions/program. Additional URLs: https://www.uni.lu/fstm-fr/study-programs/bachelor-en-medecine/carriere/ Evidence note: Tier 2 public university; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-04", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Université du Luxembourg", "title_original": "Diplômes d’études spécialisées en médecine", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uni.lu/fr/admissions/des/", "passage_original": "“trois formations [...] médecine générale, neurologie et oncologie médicale”.", "passage_english": "“three programs [...] general medicine, neurology and medical oncology.”", "local_term": "DES = accredited postgraduate specialty diploma/training pathway.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "DES = accredited postgraduate specialty diploma/training pathway.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current admissions page accessed 16 Aug 2026; detailed rules dated 2024. Additional URLs: https://www.uni.lu/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2024/09/2.3.4.4-Programmes-de-DES-en-medecine.pdf Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-05", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Inspection générale de la sécurité sociale (IGSS)", "title_original": "Assurance maladie-maternité — statistiques sur les prestataires", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024", "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://igss.gouvernement.lu/fr/statistiques/assurance-maladie-maternite.html", "passage_original": "“3.572 médecins exerçant [...] 2.726 médecins libéraux, 808 médecins salariés et 38 médecins ayant une activité mixte”; “La plupart des médecins hospitaliers n’ont pas de statut de salarié, mais exercent en mode libéral.”", "passage_english": "“3,572 practising doctors [...] 2,726 liberal doctors, 808 salaried doctors and 38 with mixed activity”; “Most hospital doctors do not have salaried status but practise in liberal mode.”", "local_term": "libéral/salarié/mixte = professional work status; contrat d’agrément = hospital permission/association, not necessarily employment.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "libéral/salarié/mixte = professional work status; contrat d’agrément = hospital permission/association, not necessarily employment.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: page updated 2026; physician data 2024, hospital-physician/staff data 2025. Evidence note: Tier 1 official administrative statistics; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-06", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "IGSS", "title_original": "Assurance maladie-maternité — pharmacies", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://igss.gouvernement.lu/fr/statistiques/assurance-maladie-maternite.html", "passage_original": "“104 pharmacies ouvertes au public et 4 pharmacies hospitalières”; “la concession [...] est détenue par un pharmacien titulaire qui en assure la gestion et assume la responsabilité financière”.", "passage_english": "“104 pharmacies open to the public and four hospital pharmacies”; “the concession is held by a titular pharmacist who manages it and assumes financial responsibility.”", "local_term": "concession/pharmacien titulaire = authorized operating right/responsible operator; not necessarily property ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "concession/pharmacien titulaire = authorized operating right/responsible operator; not necessarily property ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: page updated 2026; data year 2025. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for count/operator relation, ownership still Unknown." }, { "source_id": "LU-07", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "Luxembourg Institute of Health", "title_original": "Le Luxembourg Institute of Health célèbre 10 ans d’excellence scientifique [...] Rapport annuel 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.lih.lu/fr/article/le-luxembourg-institute-of-health-celebre-10-ans-dexcellence-scientifique-avec-le-lancement-du-rapport-annuel-2024-et-une-soiree-de-gala-anniversaire/", "passage_original": "“établissement public de recherche biomédicale”.", "passage_english": "“public biomedical research establishment.”", "local_term": "établissement public = statutory/public-sector legal establishment; functional role: biomedical research operator.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "établissement public = statutory/public-sector legal establishment; functional role: biomedical research operator.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 2025; report year 2024. Additional URLs: https://www.lih.lu/en/annual-report-2024/ Evidence note: Tier 2 public institute; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-08", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Pharmaceutical manufacturing; Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Luxinnovation", "title_original": "HealthTech ecosystem facts & figures", "title_english": "HealthTech ecosystem facts & figures", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://luxinnovation.lu/fr-lu/resources/healthtech-ecosystem-facts-figures", "passage_original": "“The public sector, public biomedical research institutes and hospitals are excluded.” Sector distribution includes “medical devices 32% [...] biopharma 13%”.", "passage_english": "Source is available in English: the map intentionally excludes public institutions/hospitals; its percentages describe mapped private organizations, not total production or ownership.", "local_term": "HealthTech ecosystem = business-support mapping population; not a national manufacturing census.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "HealthTech ecosystem = business-support mapping population; not a national manufacturing census.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: published/updated 2025; ecosystem snapshot 2025. Evidence note: Tier 2 public innovation agency; High for map scope, Moderate for sector presence." }, { "source_id": "LU-09", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Caisse nationale de santé", "title_original": "Le système de santé au Luxembourg", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/fr/assure/droits-demarches/bases-bonnes-pratiques/sante-luxembourg.html", "passage_original": "“Le Centre commun de la sécurité sociale (CCSS) est compétent pour l’affiliation et la perception des cotisations”; lists CNS, CMFEP, CMFEC and EMCFL.", "passage_english": "“The Joint Social Security Centre (CCSS) is responsible for affiliation and collection of contributions”; the page distinguishes the funds serving different insured groups.", "local_term": "perception des cotisations = contribution collection; caisse = statutory insurance fund/administrator.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "perception des cotisations = contribution collection; caisse = statutory insurance fund/administrator.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2 statutory insurer; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-10", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "IGSS", "title_original": "Politique sociale et personnes protégées", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://igss.gouvernement.lu/fr/statistiques/politique-sociale-et-personnes-protegees.html", "passage_original": "“Les cotisations [...] sont supportées à parts égales par les assurés et les employeurs. L’État participe à raison de 40% des cotisations.”", "passage_english": "“Contributions are borne in equal shares by insured persons and employers. The state participates at 40% of contributions.”", "local_term": "cotisation = social-insurance contribution revenue; not a share of current health expenditure.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "cotisation = social-insurance contribution revenue; not a share of current health expenditure.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: updated 2026; data year 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1; High, with revenue/expenditure distinction." }, { "source_id": "LU-11", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Université du Luxembourg", "title_original": "Service des finances et de la comptabilité", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2003-08-12; amended 2018-06-27", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uni.lu/fr/a-propos/organisation/administration/service-des-finances-et-de-la-comptabilite/", "passage_original": "“L’Université du Luxembourg est un établissement public régi par la loi du 12 août 2003 modifiée par la loi du 27 juin 2018.”", "passage_english": "“The University of Luxembourg is a public establishment governed by the law of 12 August 2003 as amended by the law of 27 June 2018.”", "local_term": "établissement public = public-law establishment with its own institutional legal form; functionally the public operator of the cited education/research programs, not owner of every partner hospital or training site.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "établissement public = public-law establishment with its own institutional legal form; functionally the public operator of the cited education/research programs, not owner of every partner hospital or training site.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current institutional page accessed 16 Aug 2026; legal basis is the law of 12 Aug 2003 as amended by the law of 27 Jun 2018. Evidence note: Tier 2 public-university self-description grounded in statute; High for the University itself." }, { "source_id": "LU-12", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 4, 12 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Price-setting", "institution": "IGSS", "title_original": "Rapport d’analyse prévisionnel de l’enveloppe budgétaire globale des dépenses du secteur hospitalier 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://igss.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/rapport-previsionnel-am/rapport-danalyse-prvisionnel-de-lenveloppe-budgtaire-globale-des-dpenses-du-secteur-hospitalier-2024-version-20240916.pdf", "passage_original": "“le budget externe de chaque établissement hospitalier est arrêté d’un commun accord avec l’organisme gestionnaire [...] dans la limite de l’enveloppe budgétaire globale”.", "passage_english": "“The external budget of each hospital establishment is settled by common agreement with the managing insurance body [...] within the global budget envelope.”", "local_term": "budget externe = hospital operating budget agreed with payer; enveloppe globale = sector expenditure ceiling/framework.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "budget externe = hospital operating budget agreed with payer; enveloppe globale = sector expenditure ceiling/framework.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 2024; budget year 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-13", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 4, 12, 14 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Price-setting; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "CNS/FHL", "title_original": "Convention entre la CNS et la Fédération des hôpitaux luxembourgeois — version coordonnée", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2026-02-01", "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/dam-assets/legislations/convention/convention-cns-fhl-version-coordonne-au-01022026.pdf", "passage_original": "“enveloppe budgétaire globale”, “budgets spécifiques” and “forfaits par projet” for defined hospital functions/equipment.", "passage_english": "“global budget envelope,” “specific budgets,” and “per-project lump sums.”", "local_term": "convention CNS–FHL = binding payer-provider framework, not common ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "convention CNS–FHL = binding payer-provider framework, not common ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: coordinated version effective 1 Feb 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2 statutory convention; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-14", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 5, 12 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care; Price-setting", "institution": "Caisse nationale de santé", "title_original": "Médecins", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025-10-01", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/fr/assure/remboursements/prestations-remboursees/prestations-medicales/medecins.html", "passage_original": "“Tout médecin autorisé à exercer est automatiquement et obligatoirement conventionné”; “taux de remboursement [...] 88% [...] 100% pour les enfants”.", "passage_english": "“Every physician authorized to practise is automatically and mandatorily conventioned”; reimbursement is generally 88% and 100% for children.", "local_term": "obligatoirement conventionné = legally bound to CNS nomenclature/tariffs; not salaried employment.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "obligatoirement conventionné = legally bound to CNS nomenclature/tariffs; not salaried employment.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: updated 1 Oct 2025. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-15", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "CNS", "title_original": "Nomenclature et mémoires d’honoraires", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2025-02-21", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/fr/assure/remboursements/paiements.html", "passage_original": "“Tarif normal” and “CP — convenance personnelle [...] non remboursable”.", "passage_english": "“Normal tariff”; “CP—personal convenience [...] non-reimbursable.”", "local_term": "mémoire d’honoraires = professional bill; CP = non-covered personal-convenience supplement.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "mémoire d’honoraires = professional bill; CP = non-covered personal-convenience supplement.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: updated 21 Feb 2025; current tariff search. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-16", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "CNS", "title_original": "Médicaments et dispositifs médicaux", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/fr/assure/remboursements/prestations-remboursees/medicaments-dispositifs-medicaux.html", "passage_original": "“autorisation de mise sur le marché, un prix public et [...] inscription sur la liste positive”; rates “40%, 80% ou 100%”.", "passage_english": "“marketing authorization, a public price and [...] inclusion on the positive list”; reimbursement rates “40%, 80% or 100%.”", "local_term": "prix public = authorized retail/public price; liste positive = covered-medicine list.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "prix public = authorized retail/public price; liste positive = covered-medicine list.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current 2025 page. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-17", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "CNS", "title_original": "Forfait pour frais d’utilisation d’un appareil", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2025-01-01", "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/fr/professionnels-sante/dossiers-thematiques/forfait-frais-utilisation-appareil.html", "passage_original": "“seuls les appareils extrahospitaliers déclarés [...] peuvent donner lieu à la facturation d’un forfait”.", "passage_english": "“Only declared extra-hospital devices [...] may give rise to billing a lump-sum device-use fee.”", "local_term": "forfait appareil = official per-use equipment fee, not purchase price or ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "forfait appareil = official per-use equipment fee, not purchase price or ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: rule effective 1 Jan 2025. Evidence note: Tier 2; High for covered fee mechanism." }, { "source_id": "LU-18", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "CNS", "title_original": "Hospitalisation, cure et rééducation", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://cns.public.lu/fr/assure/remboursements/prestations-remboursees/hospitalisation-cure-reeducation.html", "passage_original": "“L’hôpital transmet directement les factures à la CNS”.", "passage_english": "“The hospital sends invoices directly to CNS.”", "local_term": "tiers payant hospitalier = direct provider-to-insurer billing; not owner integration.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "tiers payant hospitalier = direct provider-to-insurer billing; not owner integration.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "LU-19", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Journal officiel/Legilux", "title_original": "Constitution du Gouvernement — compétences ministérielles", "title_english": null, "source_language": "French", "publication_date": "2026-04-16", "effective_date": "2026-04-16", "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/recueil/gouvernement/20260416", "passage_original": "remit includes “autorisations des établissements hospitaliers”, “équipements”, “investissements hospitaliers” and “subventions”.", "passage_english": "remit includes “hospital-establishment authorizations,” “equipment,” “hospital investments,” and “subsidies.”", "local_term": "autorisation/subvention d’investissement = permission/public co-financing, not automatic asset title.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "autorisation/subvention d’investissement = permission/public co-financing, not automatic asset title.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: consolidated government competencies 16 Apr 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1 law/official journal; High for remit, project ownership remains Unknown." }, { "source_id": "MX-01", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "INEGI", "title_original": "Estadísticas de Salud en Establecimientos Particulares 2024", "title_english": "Health Statistics in Private Establishments 2024", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "1 Aug 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2025/salud/ESEP2024_RR.pdf", "passage_original": "En 2024, las ESEP integraron información de 2 747 establecimientos [...] Los establecimientos particulares reportaron 35 400 camas censables.", "passage_english": "In 2024, ESEP compiled information from 2,747 establishments [...] Private establishments reported 35,400 census beds.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "INEGI directly counts private establishments and census beds in the ESEP survey frame; these are not a total-system denominator and should not be combined with differently defined public ‘hospital bed’ counts.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact figures verified in the official INEGI release. Raise source confidence from medium to high for these private-frame values." }, { "source_id": "MX-02", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "INEGI", "title_original": "Estadísticas de Salud en Establecimientos Particulares 2023", "title_english": "Health Statistics in Private Establishments 2023", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2024/ESEP/ESEP2023.pdf", "passage_original": "Las ESEP proporcionan información de 2 827 establecimientos particulares que en 2023 prestaron servicios de salud [...] En el país, se registraron 35 899 camas censables distribuidas en 2 827 establecimientos.", "passage_english": "ESEP provides information on 2,827 private establishments that delivered health services in 2023 [...] Nationwide, 35,899 census beds were recorded across 2,827 establishments.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "INEGI directly counts private establishments and census beds in the 2023 ESEP frame; these figures are internally consistent but not a like-for-like denominator with the cited public figures.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact figures verified in the official INEGI release. Raise source confidence from medium to high for these private-frame values." }, { "source_id": "MX-03", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Secretaría de Asuntos Parlamentarios", "title_original": "Diario de Debates LXI, 3 Oct 2023, public hospital/bed figures", "title_english": "LXI Legislature Debate Record, October 3, 2023 — Public Hospital and Bed Figures", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "3 Oct 2023", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.secretariadeasuntosparlamentarios.gob.mx/mainstream/Actividad/Diario/LXI/TOMO%20XXIX/132-03oct23.pdf", "passage_original": "Tan solo en nuestro país se cuenta con mil 395 hospitales públicos, en los que se contabilizan alrededor de 89 mil 562 camas.", "passage_english": "In our country alone there are 1,395 public hospitals, with approximately 89,562 beds counted in them.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "A state-legislature debate repeats national public-hospital figures attributed generally to the federal Health Secretariat; it is not the underlying statistical table and does not identify the reference year or bed definition.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "low", "notes": "Exact words verified in the official debate record, but the underlying dataset/vintage is not cited precisely. Do not assign data_year=2023; publication in 2023 is not evidence that the infrastructure counts describe 2023. Keep these figures out of any computed public share until the DGIS table and definition are recovered." }, { "source_id": "MX-04", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_ids": [ 3, 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "IMSS", "title_original": "IMSS-Bienestar supera 340 mil profesionales contratados e inversión de 14 mil mdp en equipamiento", "title_english": "IMSS-Bienestar Exceeds 340,000 Health Professionals and MXN 14 Billion in Equipment Investment", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.imss.gob.mx/prensa/archivo/202312/639", "passage_original": "En los 23 estados donde opera IMSS-Bienestar ya se cuenta con 340 mil 105 profesionales de la salud [...] 212 mil enfermeras y enfermeros [...] 83 mil 525 médicos especialistas [...] y 44 mil 365 médicos generales.", "passage_english": "Across the 23 states where IMSS-Bienestar operates there are now 340,105 health professionals [...] 212,000 nurses [...] 83,525 specialist physicians [...] and 44,365 general physicians.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The figures describe the 23-state IMSS-Bienestar operating subset in December 2023, not national public-health employment; the headline's use of ‘specialists’ for the 340,105 total is imprecise.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified in official IMSS release 639/2023. The supplied gob.mx mirror blocks automated access, but the same official release is live at https://www.imss.gob.mx/prensa/archivo/202312/639 and as an official PDF. Set publication/data context to 19 December 2023." }, { "source_id": "MX-05", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Diario Oficial de la Federación", "title_original": "Programa Institucional de Servicios de Salud del IMSS-Bienestar 2025–2030", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sidof.segob.gob.mx/notas/docFuente/5766928", "passage_original": "cerca del 50% del gasto total en salud", "passage_english": "about 50% of total health spending", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": null, "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "2025. Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "MX-06", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Diario Oficial de la Federación", "title_original": "IMSS-Bienestar operating rules 2024", "title_english": "IMSS-Bienestar Programme Operating Rules for Fiscal Year 2024", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://sidof.segob.gob.mx/notas/docFuente/5713366", "passage_original": "El número de camas censables [...] y no censables [...] en hospitales del Programa [...] requiere la autorización de la Unidad del Programa.", "passage_english": "The number of census beds and non-census beds in Programme hospitals requires authorization from the Programme Unit.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The central Programme Unit authorizes bed numbers inside this IMSS-Bienestar programme; this is not nationwide certificate-of-need control over all Mexican hospitals.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact passage verified in the official gazette text." }, { "source_id": "NL-01", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Rijksoverheid", "title_original": "Zorgverzekeringsstelsel in Nederland", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/familie-zorg-en-gezondheid/zorgverzekering/zorgverzekeringsstelsel-in-nederland", "passage_original": "“Iedereen die in Nederland woont of werkt, moet een basisverzekering hebben”; “zorgverzekeraars onderhandelen met zorgaanbieders”.", "passage_english": "“Everyone who lives or works in the Netherlands must have basic insurance”; “health insurers negotiate with care providers.”", "local_term": "basisverzekering = mandatory statutory basic policy; zorgplicht = insurer duty to secure covered care.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "basisverzekering = mandatory statutory basic policy; zorgplicht = insurer duty to secure covered care.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-02", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS)", "title_original": "Zorginstellingen; financiële kengetallen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024 provisional", "2023 final" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/83670NED", "passage_original": "“Ziekenhuizen (geen GGZ) [...] 2024 [...] 80”; subgroups “Universitair medische centra 7”, “Algemene ziekenhuizen 57”, “Categorale ziekenhuizen 16”.", "passage_english": "“Hospitals (excluding mental health) [...] 2024 provisional [...] 80”; seven UMCs, 57 general hospitals and 16 categorical hospitals.", "local_term": "onderneming = CBS enterprise/statistical economic unit; not site or ultimate-owner category.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "onderneming = CBS enterprise/statistical economic unit; not site or ultimate-owner category.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: table updated 2026; 2024 provisional and 2023 final observations. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for statistical denominator, High that it is not an owner census." }, { "source_id": "NL-03", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "CBS", "title_original": "Beschikbare bedden voor klinische medisch-specialistische zorg, 2021–2023", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2025/24/beschikbare-bedden-voor-klinische-medisch-specialistische-zorg-2021-2023", "passage_original": "“direct beschikbare bedden [...] op de eerste maandag van december”; table values 25,880 total, 4,230 UMC, 21,650 other.", "passage_english": "“beds directly available [and staffed] on the first Monday of December”; 25,880 total.", "local_term": "beschikbaar klinisch bed = staffed bed immediately usable for inpatient specialist care; excludes listed psychiatry, rehabilitation, dialysis and temporary categories and is rounded to tens.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "beschikbaar klinisch bed = staffed bed immediately usable for inpatient specialist care; excludes listed psychiatry, rehabilitation, dialysis and temporary categories and is rounded to tens.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 2025; data year 2023. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for scoped bed denominator, owner numerator absent." }, { "source_id": "NL-04", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 4, 10 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Healthcare research", "institution": "UMC Utrecht", "title_original": "Besturing en structuur — Jaarverslag 2025", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://jaarverslag.umcutrecht.nl/jaarverslag-2025/governance/besturing-en-structuur", "passage_original": "“UMC Utrecht is een publiekrechtelijke rechtspersoon op grond van de Wet op het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek” and “een publiekrechtelijke organisatie”; “100% aandeelhouder van UMC Utrecht Holding B.V.”", "passage_english": "“UMC Utrecht is a public-law legal person under the Higher Education and Research Act” and “a public-law organization”; it is “100% shareholder of UMC Utrecht Holding BV.”", "local_term": "publiekrechtelijke rechtspersoon = entity constituted under public law; aandeelhouder = equity shareholder. This is institution-specific.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "publiekrechtelijke rechtspersoon = entity constituted under public law; aandeelhouder = equity shareholder. This is institution-specific.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: 2025 annual report, published 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2 public-law UMC self-report grounded in statute; High for UMC Utrecht only." }, { "source_id": "NL-05", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Rijksoverheid", "title_original": "Hoe meld ik me aan voor een fixusopleiding?", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/vraag-en-antwoord/hoger-onderwijs/hoe-werkt-de-toelating-bij-een-opleiding-met-een-numerus-fixus", "passage_original": "“Voor de studies geneeskunde [...] mag u maar voor 1 onderwijsinstelling kiezen”; oversubscription allows “selectie” or “loting”.", "passage_english": "“For medicine [...] you may choose only one educational institution”; admission may use “selection” or “lottery.”", "local_term": "numerus fixus = institution/program admission ceiling, not workforce license quota by itself.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "numerus fixus = institution/program admission ceiling, not workforce license quota by itself.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current 2026 guidance. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-06", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "UMC Utrecht, with Leiden university study guide cross-check", "title_original": "Studenten / Geneeskunde curriculum", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025–2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.umcutrecht.nl/nl/studenten", "passage_original": "“Jaar 3 van de master [...] langere keuze-coschappen of stages”; Leiden describes “de klinische (master) fase” following the bachelor phase.", "passage_english": "“Year 3 of the master [...] longer elective clinical rotations or internships”; the bachelor prepares for “the clinical master phase.”", "local_term": "coschap = supervised clinical rotation; bachelor/master are accredited educational cycles.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "coschap = supervised clinical rotation; bachelor/master are accredited educational cycles.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current program information accessed 16 Aug 2026; 2025–2026 curriculum. Additional URLs: https://studiegids.universiteitleiden.nl/courses/105554/lijn-beroepsvorming-jaar-3 Evidence note: Tier 2 public university/UMC; High for pathway form, not national institutional ownership." }, { "source_id": "NL-07", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 2, 14 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Capaciteitsorgaan", "title_original": "Beschikbaarheidbijdrage; Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot bevordering der Geneeskunst (KNMG), describing RGS/NZa implementation; Capaciteitsplan 2027–2030", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2025-12/2026-01", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.knmg.nl/ik-ben-opleider-1/opleiders-en-opleidingsinstellingen/beschikbaarheidbijdrage", "passage_original": "“De NZa verleent een beschikbaarheidbijdrage voor [...] medische vervolgopleidingen”; “maximale instroom [...] op basis van het Capaciteitsplan”.", "passage_english": "“NZa grants an availability contribution for [...] postgraduate medical training”; “maximum intake [...] based on the Capacity Plan.”", "local_term": "beschikbaarheidbijdrage = public payment for socially necessary availability/training; instroom = training entrants.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "beschikbaarheidbijdrage = public payment for socially necessary availability/training; instroom = training entrants.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2/3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026; plan published Dec 2025/Jan 2026, workforce baseline 2025. Additional URLs: https://capaciteitsorgaan.nl/app/uploads/2026/01/20251219_Capaciteitsplan-2027-2030-Integraal-overzicht.pdf Evidence note: Tier 2/3 official professional-regulatory sources; High for control/funding mechanism." }, { "source_id": "NL-08", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "CBS", "title_original": "Medisch geschoolden; arbeidspositie and Medisch geschoolden; specialisme", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2026-03-24", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/84760NED", "passage_original": "table values “Artsen [...] 79 795”; “Medisch specialist 24 745”; “Basisarts 23 980”.", "passage_english": "table categories: 79,795 physicians in the activity table; 24,745 medical specialists and 23,980 basic doctors in the registration/specialty table.", "local_term": "werkzame arts = physician meeting labour/activity definition; BIG-geregistreerd = professionally registered. Denominators differ.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "werkzame arts = physician meeting labour/activity definition; BIG-geregistreerd = professionally registered. Denominators differ.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: updated 24 Mar 2026; data year 2024. Additional URLs: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/84776NED Evidence note: Tier 1; High, with non-combinability caution." }, { "source_id": "NL-09", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "Workforce; Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "CBS", "title_original": "Huisartsen; arbeidspositie", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/84062NED", "passage_original": "table values “Huisartsen [...] 14,0” thousand; “alleen werknemer [...] 1,4” thousand.", "passage_english": "14.0 thousand GPs total, including 1.4 thousand employee-only.", "local_term": "alleen werknemer = employee-only labour status; other categories include self-employment/DGA/mixed status. None directly classifies practice assets.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "alleen werknemer = employee-only labour status; other categories include self-employment/DGA/mixed status. None directly classifies practice assets.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current table accessed 16 Aug 2026; data year 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for employment, no ownership inference." }, { "source_id": "NL-10", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "CBS", "title_original": "Praktijken van zorgverleners, financiën (vanaf 2015)", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/onze-diensten/methoden/onderzoeksomschrijvingen/korte-onderzoeksomschrijvingen/praktijken-van-zorgverleners-financien--vanaf-2015--", "passage_original": "“praktijken [...] zelfstandige praktijken en andere ondernemingen” from the business-register population.", "passage_english": "“practices [...] independent practices and other enterprises” in the business-register population.", "local_term": "praktijk/onderneming = provider operating/statistical unit, not necessarily building owner or ultimate equity owner.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "praktijk/onderneming = provider operating/statistical unit, not necessarily building owner or ultimate equity owner.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current methodology accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for population definition." }, { "source_id": "NL-11", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Stichting Farmaceutische Kengetallen (SFK)", "title_original": "Data en feiten 2024", "title_english": "Data and facts 2024", "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sfk.nl/publicaties/data-en-feiten/Dataenfeiten2024def.pdf", "passage_original": "Daarvan was 53%-punt (1045 apotheken) een franchise- of formuleapotheek, en 30%-punt (585 apotheken) in eigendom van een keten.", "passage_english": "Of these, 53 percentage points (1,045 pharmacies) were franchise or formula pharmacies, and 30 percentage points (585 pharmacies) were chain-owned.", "local_term": "openbare apotheek = community pharmacy; keteneigendom = chain ownership; formule = affiliation that need not equal ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "openbare apotheek = community pharmacy; keteneigendom = chain ownership; formule = affiliation that need not equal ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published in 2024 using end-2023 pharmacy counts. SFK reports 1,953 community pharmacies in total, including 585 chain-owned and 1,045 franchise/formula affiliated; affiliation is not ownership." }, { "source_id": "NL-12", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "ZonMw", "title_original": "Subsidie voor 29 vernieuwende onderzoeksteams vanuit ZonMw Open Competitie", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2024-04-03", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.zonmw.nl/nl/nieuws/subsidie-voor-29-vernieuwende-onderzoeksteams-vanuit-zonmw-open-competitie", "passage_original": "“29 onderzoeksteams [...] fundamenteel onderzoek naar gezondheid en ziekte”.", "passage_english": "“29 research teams [...] fundamental research into health and disease.”", "local_term": "ZonMw Open Competitie = public competitive biomedical/health research funding program, not downstream ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "ZonMw Open Competitie = public competitive biomedical/health research funding program, not downstream ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 3 Apr 2024; awards 2024. Evidence note: Tier 2 public funder; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-13", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 7, 8, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Pharmaceutical manufacturing; Healthcare research", "institution": "UMC Utrecht", "title_original": "Klinisch geneesmiddelenonderzoek", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.umcutrecht.nl/nl/klinisch-geneesmiddelenonderzoek", "passage_original": "“ongeveer 300 klinische geneesmiddelenonderzoeken per jaar”; “GMP-fabrikantenvergunning” and trial medicines “zelf bereiden of laten bereiden”.", "passage_english": "“approximately 300 clinical medicine trials per year”; it has a “GMP manufacturer’s authorization” and can “prepare [trial medicines] itself or have them prepared.”", "local_term": "GMP-fabrikantenvergunning = authorization for defined pharmaceutical manufacturing operations; laten bereiden = contract manufacture, which is not own production.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "GMP-fabrikantenvergunning = authorization for defined pharmaceutical manufacturing operations; laten bereiden = contract manufacture, which is not own production.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2 operator evidence; High for bounded activities." }, { "source_id": "NL-14", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 8, 9 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing; Devices / capital goods", "institution": "CBS", "title_original": "Nederland Handelsland 2025 — Internationale handel in goederen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://longreads.cbs.nl/nederland-handelsland-2025/internationale-handel-in-goederen/", "passage_original": "table distinguishes “Nederlandse makelij” from “wederuitvoer”; values include medicines €5.10bn, pharmaceutical products €5.16bn and medical instruments €2.58bn of Dutch origin.", "passage_english": "“Dutch manufacture” is separately reported from “re-exports”; the listed values are domestic-origin exports.", "local_term": "Nederlandse makelij = goods produced/processed domestically, not Dutch-owned or publicly owned firms.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Nederlandse makelij = goods produced/processed domestically, not Dutch-owned or publicly owned firms.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: published 2025; data year 2024. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for domestic-origin export value, no owner inference." }, { "source_id": "NL-15", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "UMC Utrecht", "title_original": "UMC Utrecht aandeelhouder in Apotheek A15", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2021-09-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2021, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.umcutrecht.nl/nieuws/umc-utrecht-aandeelhouder-in-apotheek-a15", "passage_original": "“UMC Utrecht wordt voor 25 procent aandeelhouder”; A15 “ontwikkelt en bereidt geneesmiddelen die niet commercieel beschikbaar zijn”.", "passage_english": "“UMC Utrecht becomes a 25% shareholder”; A15 “develops and compounds medicines that are not commercially available.”", "local_term": "aandeelhouder = equity owner; bereiden = pharmacy compounding/manufacture for defined non-commercial needs.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "aandeelhouder = equity owner; bereiden = pharmacy compounding/manufacture for defined non-commercial needs.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: published 30 Sep 2021; shareholding/activity as announced then. Evidence note: Tier 2 operator; High for the 2021 bounded link, Moderate for current status because no newer cap table was found." }, { "source_id": "NL-16", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Overheid.nl/Wettenbank", "title_original": "Wet medische hulpmiddelen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0042755/", "passage_original": "“regels ter uitvoering van Verordening (EU) 2017/745 [...] en Verordening (EU) 2017/746”.", "passage_english": "“rules implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/745 [...] and Regulation (EU) 2017/746.”", "local_term": "medisch hulpmiddel = regulated medical device; market authorization/compliance does not define ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "medisch hulpmiddel = regulated medical device; market authorization/compliance does not define ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current consolidated law accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1 statute; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-17", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Zorginstituut Nederland", "title_original": "Risicoverevening Zvw", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.zorginstituutnederland.nl/financiering/informatie-voor-zorginstanties-verzekeraars-en-zorgkantoren/risicoverevening-zvw", "passage_original": "“Zorgverzekeraars krijgen een vereveningsbijdrage [...] ter compensatie van voorspelbare verschillen in zorgkosten”.", "passage_english": "“Health insurers receive a risk-equalization contribution [...] to compensate for predictable differences in healthcare costs.”", "local_term": "risicoverevening = public formula-based redistribution among insurers, not common ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "risicoverevening = public formula-based redistribution among insurers, not common ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2 statutory public body; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-18", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Zorginstituut Nederland", "title_original": "Fondsbeheer Zvf en Flz — Zorgverzekeringsfonds", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.zorginstituutnederland.nl/financiering/fondsbeheer-zvf-en-flz/zorgverzekeringsfonds", "passage_original": "“Het Zorginstituut beheert het Zorgverzekeringsfonds”.", "passage_english": "“The Healthcare Institute manages the Health Insurance Fund.”", "local_term": "fondsbeheer = public pool accounting/management; not insurer/provider operation.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "fondsbeheer = public pool accounting/management; not insurer/provider operation.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-19", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit (NZa)", "title_original": "Prijsindexcijfers", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nza.nl/onderwerpen/p/prijsindexcijfers", "passage_original": "distinguishes “gereguleerde tarieven” and the “vrije segment” where prices are agreed by “zorgaanbieders en zorgverzekeraars”.", "passage_english": "“regulated tariffs” and a “free segment” where “care providers and health insurers” agree prices.", "local_term": "vrij segment = negotiable tariff segment under statutory market rules, not absence of regulation or public control.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "vrij segment = negotiable tariff segment under statutory market rules, not absence of regulation or public control.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026; current tariff cycles. Evidence note: Tier 2 independent regulator; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-20", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "Price-setting; Billing / transparency", "institution": "NZa", "title_original": "Registreren en declareren medisch-specialistische zorg", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nza.nl/zorgsectoren/medisch-specialistische-zorg/registreren-en-declareren", "passage_original": "“diagnose-behandelcombinaties (dbc’s)” and rules for “registreren en declareren”.", "passage_english": "“diagnosis-treatment combinations (DBCs)” and rules for “registration and billing.”", "local_term": "DBC-zorgproduct = bundled specialist-care billing product, not a provider or owner.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "DBC-zorgproduct = bundled specialist-care billing product, not a provider or owner.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-21", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "NZa", "title_original": "Hoe wordt de huisartsenzorg bekostigd?", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nza.nl/vraag-en-antwoord/huisartsenzorg/hoe-wordt-de-huisartsenzorg-bekostigd", "passage_original": "“drie segmenten”; segment 1 contains “inschrijftarief en consulttarieven”, segment 2 multidisciplinary care, segment 3 “resultaatbeloning en zorgvernieuwing”.", "passage_english": "“three segments”: registration and consultation; multidisciplinary care; and outcome/reward plus care innovation.", "local_term": "inschrijftarief = per-registered-patient payment; consulttarief = visit fee; contract payment is not ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "inschrijftarief = per-registered-patient payment; consulttarief = visit fee; contract payment is not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026; current payment structure. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-22", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Rijksoverheid", "title_original": "Betaalbaar houden van geneesmiddelen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/familie-zorg-en-gezondheid/geneesmiddelen/betaalbaar-houden-van-geneesmiddelen", "passage_original": "“De fabrikant bepaalt de prijs”; “De Wet geneesmiddelenprijzen bepaalt de maximumprijs” using prices in comparator countries.", "passage_english": "“The manufacturer determines the price”; “The Medicines Prices Act determines the maximum price” using comparator-country prices.", "local_term": "maximumprijs Wgp = statutory list-price ceiling; GVS = outpatient covered-drug system. Neither establishes manufacturing ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "maximumprijs Wgp = statutory list-price ceiling; GVS = outpatient covered-drug system. Neither establishes manufacturing ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-23", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Zorginstituut Nederland", "title_original": "Sluis voor dure geneesmiddelen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.zorginstituutnederland.nl/wat-wij-doen/programmas-en-samenwerkingsverbanden/horizonscan-geneesmiddelen/sluis-voor-dure-geneesmiddelen", "passage_original": "medicines in the sluice are not included in the package “totdat [...] een pakketbeoordeling en prijsonderhandeling hebben plaatsgevonden”.", "passage_english": "medicines are not covered until “a package assessment and price negotiation have taken place.”", "local_term": "sluis = temporary controlled-entry gate for high-cost hospital medicines.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "sluis = temporary controlled-entry gate for high-cost hospital medicines.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 2; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-24", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Rijksoverheid", "title_original": "Misverstanden over de zorgverzekering", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/vraag-en-antwoord/zorgverzekering/misverstanden-zorgverzekering", "passage_original": "“Het ziekenhuis stuurt de rekening meestal rechtstreeks naar de zorgverzekeraar”; insured people can see claims in their insurer account.", "passage_english": "“The hospital usually sends the bill directly to the health insurer”; the insured person can inspect the claim.", "local_term": "declaratie = provider claim/bill to insurer; transparency does not imply uniform negotiated price.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "declaratie = provider claim/bill to insurer; transparency does not imply uniform negotiated price.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: current page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-25", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Wettenbank/Rijksoverheid", "title_original": "Wet op bijzondere medische verrichtingen and Vergunning bijzondere medische verrichtingen ziekenhuizen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0008974/", "passage_original": "the minister may designate procedures for which it is forbidden to perform them “zonder vergunning”; government page: “Voor sommige bijzondere medische verrichtingen is een vergunning nodig.”", "passage_english": "designated procedures may not be performed “without a licence”; “Some special medical procedures require a licence.”", "local_term": "Wbmv-vergunning = ministerial capacity/quality license for designated services/equipment; not ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Wbmv-vergunning = ministerial capacity/quality license for designated services/equipment; not ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: law current at access; government licensing page current 2026. Additional URLs: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/familie-zorg-en-gezondheid/kwaliteit-van-de-zorg/vergunning-bijzondere-medische-verrichtingen-ziekenhuizen Evidence note: Tier 1; High." }, { "source_id": "NL-26", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Ministerie van VWS and sector parties", "title_original": "Bestuurlijke afspraken inzicht in zorgcapaciteit", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Dutch", "publication_date": "2025-04-02", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/2025/04/02/bestuurlijke-afspraken-inzicht-in-zorgcapaciteit-def", "passage_original": "“landelijk inzicht in beschikbare zorgcapaciteit”.", "passage_english": "“national insight into available care capacity.”", "local_term": "bestuurlijke afspraken = administrative-sector agreement; information coordination, not asset allocation or ownership by itself.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "bestuurlijke afspraken = administrative-sector agreement; information coordination, not asset allocation or ownership by itself.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "moderate", "notes": "Date metadata: signed/published 2 Apr 2025. Evidence note: Tier 1; High for coordination, Moderate for operational effect." }, { "source_id": "NZ-1", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "New Zealand Ministry of Health", "title_original": "“Public hospitals” / “Private hospitals.”", "title_english": "“Public hospitals” / “Private hospitals.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.govt.nz/regulation-legislation/certification-of-health-care-services/certified-providers/public-hospitals", "passage_original": "Certified providers of hospital services.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "regulatory provider list, not bed-ownership denominator", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "New Zealand Ministry of Health. Current certification lists. Secondary URL: https://www.health.govt.nz/regulation-legislation/certification-of-health-care-services/certified-providers/private-hospitals Source-specific confidence: high for certification, insufficient for share.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.health.govt.nz/regulation-legislation/certification-of-health-care-services/certified-providers/private-hospitals" ] }, { "source_id": "NZ-2", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5, 12 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora", "title_original": "“Primary health care providers.”", "title_english": "“Primary health care providers.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.tewhatuora.govt.nz/for-health-providers/primary-care-sector/primary-health-organisations/primary-health-care-providers", "passage_original": "Most general practices operate as independent businesses and set their own fees.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "publicly funded capitation does not imply public ownership or employment", "evidence_tier": "T1/T2 Crown provider", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora. Current." }, { "source_id": "NZ-3", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_ids": [ 11, 13 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "title_original": "“Health expenditure trends.”", "title_english": "“Health expenditure trends.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2026-06-11", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.govt.nz/about-us/new-zealands-health-system/vote-health/budget-2024/health-expenditure-trends", "passage_original": "working to improve the OECD health expenditure information.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "current total-system breakdown is not supplied by Vote Health series; mark comparable split Unknown", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Ministry of Health. Updated 11 June 2026." }, { "source_id": "NZ-4", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "PHARMAC | Te Pātaka Whaioranga", "title_original": "“Medicines and medical devices contract negotiation.”", "title_english": "“Medicines and medical devices contract negotiation.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.pharmac.govt.nz/medicine-funding-and-supply/the-funding-process/medicines-and-medical-devices-contract-negotiation", "passage_original": "We do not actually buy products.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "PHARMAC sets funding/negotiated contract terms; downstream organizations purchase/distribute", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "PHARMAC | Te Pātaka Whaioranga. Current." }, { "source_id": "NZ-5", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "PHARMAC", "title_original": "“Collaboration on medical device procurement.”", "title_english": "“Collaboration on medical device procurement.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.pharmac.govt.nz/news-and-resources/news/collaboration-on-medical-device-procurement", "passage_original": "Pharmac will lead ... 27 categories ... Health New Zealand ... 28.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "divided national public procurement leadership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "PHARMAC. Published 2026." }, { "source_id": "NO-1", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "title_original": "“85845 kroner til helse per innbygger i 2023.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Norwegian", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ssb.no/nasjonalregnskap-og-konjunkturer/nasjonalregnskap/statistikk/helseregnskap/artikler/85845-kroner-til-helse-per-innbygger-i-2023", "passage_original": "offentlig forvaltning ... i underkant av 86 prosent.", "passage_english": "public administration ... just under 86 percent.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "public administration ... just under 86 percent.", "functional_meaning": "financing share across public/private providers", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Statistisk sentralbyrå. Published 30 April 2026; data 2023." }, { "source_id": "NO-2", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet", "title_original": "“Sykehus.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Norwegian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.regjeringen.no/no/tema/helse-og-omsorg/sykehus/id10935/", "passage_original": "Staten eier de offentlige sykehusene.", "passage_english": "The state owns the public hospitals.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "The state owns the public hospitals.", "functional_meaning": "legal/economic public ownership via RHFs; says nothing about private-bed denominator", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet. Current overview." }, { "source_id": "NO-3", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "title_original": "“Spesialisthelsetjenesten.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Norwegian", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ssb.no/helse/helsetjenester/statistikk/spesialisthelsetjenesten", "passage_original": "Senger og døgnplasser ... 17 581.", "passage_english": "Beds and overnight places 17,581.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "Beds and overnight places 17,581.", "functional_meaning": "total specialist-service capacity; captured table does not isolate state-owned numerator", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Statistisk sentralbyrå. Updated 2026; data 2025." }, { "source_id": "NO-4", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Helsedirektoratet", "title_original": "“Allmennlegetjenesten—årsrapport 2025.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Norwegian", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "through 2026-05", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/allmennlegetjenesten-arsrapport-2025/Statusrapport%20allmennlegetjenesten%202025.pdf/_/attachment/inline/173867c9-385c-40a9-b3f3-e657b119e650%3A05af7836b34b10fdf5ca32a0e1f65d209cbc67db/Statusrapport%20allmennlegetjenesten%202025.pdf", "passage_original": "78 prosent av fastlegene [hadde] denne driftsformen.", "passage_english": "78 percent of list GPs had this operating form [private self-employment].", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "78 percent of list GPs had this operating form [private self-employment].", "functional_meaning": "contractor-majority workforce under municipal responsibility", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Helsedirektoratet. Published 2026; status through May 2026." }, { "source_id": "NO-5", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Direktoratet for medisinske produkter", "title_original": "“Maksimalpris.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Norwegian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.dmp.no/offentlig-finansiering/pris-pa-legemidler/maksimalpris", "passage_original": "gjennomsnittet av de tre laveste prisene.", "passage_english": "the average of the three lowest prices.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "the average of the three lowest prices.", "functional_meaning": "external-reference method for medicine maximum price", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Direktoratet for medisinske produkter. Current." }, { "source_id": "NO-6", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12, 13 ], "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Sykehusinnkjøp HF", "title_original": "“Kategoriplan for legemidler.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Norwegian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sykehusinnkjop.no/kategoriplaner/kategoriplan-for-legemidler/", "passage_original": "nasjonale avtaler ... på vegne av helseforetakene.", "passage_english": "national agreements ... on behalf of the health trusts.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "national agreements ... on behalf of the health trusts.", "functional_meaning": "state-owned collective hospital procurement", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Sykehusinnkjøp HF. Current." }, { "source_id": "PL-01", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11 ], "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS)", "title_original": "Zdrowie i ochrona zdrowia w 2024 r.", "title_english": "Health and healthcare in 2024", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5513/1/15/1/zdrowie_i_ochrona_zdrowia_2024_29_01.pdf", "passage_original": "Szpitale ogólne … 888 … łóżka 159 878 … w tym utworzone przez: Ministra lub centralny organ … 57 … 12 119; Publiczną uczelnię medyczną … 46 … 20 552.", "passage_english": "General hospitals: 888, 159,878 beds; of which created by a minister/central organ: 57/12,119; public medical university: 46/20,552.", "local_term": "w tym", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "of which, incomplete subset; podmiot tworzący—creating entity.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zdrowie i ochrona zdrowia w 2024 r.; Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS); published 2025, corrected 29 Jan 2026; facility/workforce data year 2024, NHA data year 2023. Quote: “Szpitale ogólne … 888 … łóżka 159 878 … w tym utworzone przez: Ministra lub centralny organ … 57 … 12 119; Publiczną uczelnię medyczną … 46 … 20 552.” Translation: “General hospitals: 888, 159,878 beds; of which created by a minister/central organ: 57/12,119; public medical university: 46/20,552.” Terms: w tym—of which, incomplete subset; podmiot tworzący—creating entity. PDF: https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5513/1/15/1/zdrowie_i_ochrona_zdrowia_2024_29_01.pdf ; tables: https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5513/1/15/1/zdrowie_i_ochrona_zdrowia_w_2024_roku_tablice_29_01.xlsx . T1; high.", "related_urls": [ "https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5513/1/15/1/zdrowie_i_ochrona_zdrowia_w_2024_roku_tablice_29_01.xlsx" ] }, { "source_id": "PL-02", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": "Dziennik Ustaw/MZ", "title_original": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 7 sierpnia 2025 r. w sprawie limitu przyjęć na studia na kierunkach lekarskim i lekarsko-dentystycznym", "title_english": "Health Minister regulation of 7 August 2025 on admission limits for medicine and dentistry", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025/26", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2025/1086/text/O/D20251086.pdf", "passage_original": "Limit przyjęć … w poszczególnych uczelniach w roku akademickim 2025/2026.", "passage_english": "Admission limit at individual universities in academic year 2025/26.", "local_term": "limit przyjęć", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "institution-specific admission ceiling.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 7 sierpnia 2025 r. w sprawie limitu przyjęć na studia na kierunkach lekarskim i lekarsko-dentystycznym; Dziennik Ustaw/MZ; promulgated 2025; academic year 2025/26. Quote: “Limit przyjęć … w poszczególnych uczelniach w roku akademickim 2025/2026.” Translation: “Admission limit at individual universities in academic year 2025/26.” Term: limit przyjęć—institution-specific admission ceiling. URL: https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2025/1086/text/O/D20251086.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-03", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": "Ministerstwo Zdrowia (MZ)", "title_original": "Szkolenie specjalizacyjne lekarzy i lekarzy dentystów (w tym tzw. rezydentura)", "title_english": "Physician and dentist specialty training, including residency", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/szkolenie-specjalizacyjne-lekarzy-i-lekarzy-dentystow-w-tym-tzw-rezydentura", "passage_original": "Do odbywania szkolenia specjalizacyjnego kwalifikuje się tylu lekarzy, ile jest miejsc rezydenckich.", "passage_english": "As many physicians qualify for specialty training as there are residency places.", "local_term": "rezydentura", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "state-funded specialty training mode.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Szkolenie specjalizacyjne lekarzy i lekarzy dentystów (w tym tzw. rezydentura); Ministerstwo Zdrowia (MZ); current page checked 2026. Quote: “Do odbywania szkolenia specjalizacyjnego kwalifikuje się tylu lekarzy, ile jest miejsc rezydenckich.” Translation: “As many physicians qualify for specialty training as there are residency places.” Term: rezydentura—state-funded specialty training mode. URL: https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/szkolenie-specjalizacyjne-lekarzy-i-lekarzy-dentystow-w-tym-tzw-rezydentura . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-04", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Komunikat w sprawie liczby miejsc rezydenckich… 1 marca 2025 r.", "title_english": "Notice on residency places for the qualification round beginning 1 March 2025", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/komunikat-w-sprawie-liczby-miejsc-rezydenckich-przyznanych-przez-ministra-zdrowia-na-postepowanie-kwalifikacyjne-na-specjalizacje-lekarskie-i-lekarsko-dentystyczne-rozpoczynajace-sie-1-marca-2025-r", "passage_original": "Szczegółowe listy miejsc … z podziałem na województwa … w SMK oraz … CMKP.", "passage_english": "Detailed place lists by voivodeship are in SMK and at CMKP.", "local_term": "miejsce rezydenckie", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "funded training post.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Komunikat w sprawie liczby miejsc rezydenckich… 1 marca 2025 r.; MZ; published 2025. Quote: “Szczegółowe listy miejsc … z podziałem na województwa … w SMK oraz … CMKP.” Translation: “Detailed place lists by voivodeship are in SMK and at CMKP.” Term: miejsce rezydenckie—funded training post. URL: https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/komunikat-w-sprawie-liczby-miejsc-rezydenckich-przyznanych-przez-ministra-zdrowia-na-postepowanie-kwalifikacyjne-na-specjalizacje-lekarskie-i-lekarsko-dentystyczne-rozpoczynajace-sie-1-marca-2025-r . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-05", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (NFZ)", "title_original": "Ubezpieczenie w NFZ", "title_english": "Insurance with the National Health Fund", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nfz.gov.pl/dla-pacjenta/ubezpieczenia-w-nfz/", "passage_original": "Dane dotyczące zgłoszeń oraz składki na ubezpieczenie zdrowotne ZUS i KRUS przekazują do Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia.", "passage_english": "ZUS and KRUS transmit enrollment data and health contributions to NFZ.", "local_term": "przekazują", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "transmit/collect for the pool, not purchase care.", "evidence_tier": "T2 statutory payer", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Ubezpieczenie w NFZ; Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (NFZ); current 2026. Quote: “Dane dotyczące zgłoszeń oraz składki na ubezpieczenie zdrowotne ZUS i KRUS przekazują do Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia.” Translation: “ZUS and KRUS transmit enrollment data and health contributions to NFZ.” Term: przekazują—transmit/collect for the pool, not purchase care. URL: https://www.nfz.gov.pl/dla-pacjenta/ubezpieczenia-w-nfz/ . T2 statutory payer; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-06", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELI/Dziennik Ustaw", "title_original": "Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu z 26 września 2025 r. – jednolity tekst ustawy o świadczeniach…", "title_english": "Consolidated text of the Act on publicly financed healthcare benefits", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2025/1461/text/I/D20251461.pdf", "passage_original": "przychodami Funduszu są … należne składki na ubezpieczenie zdrowotne … dotacja podmiotowa z budżetu państwa.", "passage_english": "Fund revenues include due health contributions and a state-budget operating grant.", "local_term": "Fundusz", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "NFZ national statutory pool.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu z 26 września 2025 r. – jednolity tekst ustawy o świadczeniach…; ELI/Dziennik Ustaw; published 2025; effective consolidated text. Quote: “przychodami Funduszu są … należne składki na ubezpieczenie zdrowotne … dotacja podmiotowa z budżetu państwa.” Translation: “Fund revenues include due health contributions and a state-budget operating grant.” Term: Fundusz—NFZ national statutory pool. URL: https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2025/1461/text/I/D20251461.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-07", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "NFZ", "title_original": "Informator o zawartych umowach", "title_english": "Information service on concluded contracts", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2008", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nfz.gov.pl/o-nfz/informator-o-zawartych-umowach/", "passage_original": "informacje o każdej zawartej umowie, z uwzględnieniem rodzaju, liczby i ceny zakupionych świadczeń oraz maksymalnej kwoty zobowiązań.", "passage_english": "information on every contract, including type, quantity and price of purchased benefits and maximum obligation.", "local_term": "zakupione świadczenia", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "purchased covered benefits.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Informator o zawartych umowach; NFZ; statutory disclosure current with contracts from 2008 onward. Quote: “informacje o każdej zawartej umowie, z uwzględnieniem rodzaju, liczby i ceny zakupionych świadczeń oraz maksymalnej kwoty zobowiązań.” Translation: “information on every contract, including type, quantity and price of purchased benefits and maximum obligation.” Term: zakupione świadczenia—purchased covered benefits. URL: https://www.nfz.gov.pl/o-nfz/informator-o-zawartych-umowach/ . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-08", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 6, 8 ], "dimension": "pharmacies", "institution": "Główny Inspektorat Farmaceutyczny (GIF)", "title_original": "Rejestry wytwórców, importerów i dystrybutorów", "title_english": "Registers of manufacturers, importers, and distributors", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/gif/rejestry-wytworcow-importerow-i-dystrybutorow", "passage_original": "wytwórca produktów leczniczych … aktywny.", "passage_english": "manufacturer of medicinal products … active.", "local_term": "zezwolenie na wytwarzanie", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "administrative manufacturing authorization.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Rejestry wytwórców, importerów i dystrybutorów; Główny Inspektorat Farmaceutyczny (GIF); live register checked Aug 2026. Quote: “wytwórca produktów leczniczych … aktywny.” Translation: “manufacturer of medicinal products … active.” Term: zezwolenie na wytwarzanie—administrative manufacturing authorization. URL: https://www.gov.pl/web/gif/rejestry-wytworcow-importerow-i-dystrybutorow . T1; high for authorization." }, { "source_id": "PL-09", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": "GUS", "title_original": "Przemysł – wyniki działalności w 2024 r.", "title_english": "Industry — activity results in 2024", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5477/9/8/1/przemysl_wyniki_dzialalnosci_2024.pdf", "passage_original": "Produkcja urządzeń, instrumentów oraz wyrobów medycznych, włączając dentystyczne … 110,1.", "passage_english": "Production of devices, instruments and medical products, including dental: index 110.1 [previous year=100].", "local_term": "produkcja sprzedana", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "sold industrial production, not installed equipment.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Przemysł – wyniki działalności w 2024 r.; GUS; published 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Produkcja urządzeń, instrumentów oraz wyrobów medycznych, włączając dentystyczne … 110,1.” Translation: “Production of devices, instruments and medical products, including dental: index 110.1 [previous year=100].” Term: produkcja sprzedana—sold industrial production, not installed equipment. URL: https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5477/9/8/1/przemysl_wyniki_dzialalnosci_2024.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-10", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": "ABM", "title_original": "Agencja Badań Medycznych ogłasza Otwarty konkurs na niekomercyjne badania kliniczne (ABM/2025/1)", "title_english": "Medical Research Agency open competition for non-commercial clinical trials (ABM/2025/1)", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "8 Apr 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://abm.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/3076%2CAgencja-Badan-Medycznych-oglasza-Otwarty-konkurs-na-niekomercyjne-badania-klinic.html", "passage_original": "Środki finansowe przeznaczone na konkurs: 200 mln PLN.", "passage_english": "Funds allocated to the competition: PLN 200m.", "local_term": "niekomercyjne badanie kliniczne", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "non-commercial clinical trial.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Agencja Badań Medycznych ogłasza Otwarty konkurs na niekomercyjne badania kliniczne (ABM/2025/1); ABM; published 8 Apr 2025. Quote: “Środki finansowe przeznaczone na konkurs: 200 mln PLN.” Translation: “Funds allocated to the competition: PLN 200m.” Term: niekomercyjne badanie kliniczne—non-commercial clinical trial. URL: https://abm.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/3076%2CAgencja-Badan-Medycznych-oglasza-Otwarty-konkurs-na-niekomercyjne-badania-klinic.html . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-11", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": "Senat RP", "title_original": "Posiedzenie Komisji Zdrowia Senatu RP, 28 października 2024 r.", "title_english": "Meeting of the Polish Senate Health Committee, 28 October 2024", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.senat.gov.pl/prace/komisje-senackie/przebieg%2C10663%2C1.html", "passage_original": "Wytwórnia Surowic i Szczepionek ‘Biomed’ … jednoosobową spółką Skarbu Państwa, i spółka z większościowym udziałem Skarbu Państwa … ‘Polfa’ SA.", "passage_english": "BIOMED is a sole-shareholder State Treasury company, and Polfa SA is majority State Treasury-owned.", "local_term": "jednoosobowa spółka Skarbu Państwa", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "100% state-share company.", "evidence_tier": "T1 legislature", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium-high", "notes": "Posiedzenie Komisji Zdrowia Senatu RP, 28 października 2024 r.; Senat RP; meeting/publication 2024. Quote: “Wytwórnia Surowic i Szczepionek ‘Biomed’ … jednoosobową spółką Skarbu Państwa, i spółka z większościowym udziałem Skarbu Państwa … ‘Polfa’ SA.” Translation: “BIOMED is a sole-shareholder State Treasury company, and Polfa SA is majority State Treasury-owned.” Term: jednoosobowa spółka Skarbu Państwa—100% state-share company. URL: https://www.senat.gov.pl/prace/komisje-senackie/przebieg%2C10663%2C1.html . T1 legislature; high for official statement, medium-high for current corporate fact." }, { "source_id": "PL-12", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": "GIF", "title_original": "Rejestr wytwórców, importerów i dystrybutorów substancji czynnych – TZF Polfa", "title_english": "Register of active-substance manufacturers, importers, and distributors — TZF Polfa", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://rejestr.gif.gov.pl/libs/dane.php?action=edit&id=WTC0196&rodzaj=wsc", "passage_original": "Rodzaj podmiotu: wytwórca substancji czynnych, importer substancji czynnych.", "passage_english": "Entity type: active-substance manufacturer and importer.", "local_term": "substancja czynna", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "active pharmaceutical ingredient.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Rejestr wytwórców, importerów i dystrybutorów substancji czynnych – TZF Polfa; GIF; live register checked Aug 2026. Quote: “Rodzaj podmiotu: wytwórca substancji czynnych, importer substancji czynnych.” Translation: “Entity type: active-substance manufacturer and importer.” Term: substancja czynna—active pharmaceutical ingredient. URL: https://rejestr.gif.gov.pl/libs/dane.php?action=edit&id=WTC0196&rodzaj=wsc . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-13", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": "Urząd Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych", "title_original": "URPL Rejestr producentów wyrobów wykonanych na zamówienie", "title_english": "URPL register of manufacturers of custom-made devices", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://wnz.urpl.gov.pl/wykaz/?page=1&search=&sort=2", "passage_original": "Rejestr producentów, wyrobów wykonanych na zamówienie.", "passage_english": "Register of manufacturers of custom-made devices.", "local_term": "producent", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "registered producer; register entry does not state public ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "URPL Rejestr producentów wyrobów wykonanych na zamówienie; Urząd Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych; live register checked Aug 2026. Quote: “Rejestr producentów, wyrobów wykonanych na zamówienie.” Translation: “Register of manufacturers of custom-made devices.” Term: producent—registered producer; register entry does not state public ownership. URL: https://wnz.urpl.gov.pl/wykaz/?page=1&search=&sort=2 . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-14", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "NFZ", "title_original": "Komunikaty JGP – opis działania algorytmu JGP 1.1.2025", "title_english": "JGP notices — operation of the JGP 1.1.2025 algorithm", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "20 Mar 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nfz.gov.pl/dla-swiadczeniodawcy/jednorodne-grupy-pacjentow/komunikaty-jgp/1%2Cstrona.html", "passage_original": "podstawowych zasad kwalifikacji danych z hospitalizacji pacjenta do właściwej grupy systemu JGP.", "passage_english": "basic rules for assigning hospitalization data to the appropriate JGP group.", "local_term": "JGP", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "hospital case group.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Komunikaty JGP – opis działania algorytmu JGP 1.1.2025; NFZ; published 20 Mar 2025 (2026 update also listed). Quote: “podstawowych zasad kwalifikacji danych z hospitalizacji pacjenta do właściwej grupy systemu JGP.” Translation: “basic rules for assigning hospitalization data to the appropriate JGP group.” Term: JGP—hospital case group. URL: https://www.nfz.gov.pl/dla-swiadczeniodawcy/jednorodne-grupy-pacjentow/komunikaty-jgp/1%2Cstrona.html . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-15", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Agencja Oceny Technologii Medycznych i Taryfikacji (AOTMiT)", "title_original": "Plan Taryfikacji na 2026 r.", "title_english": "Tariff Plan for 2026", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025/2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://bip.aotm.gov.pl/assets/files/taryfikacja/plany/Plan%20Taryfikacji%20na%20rok%202026.pdf", "passage_original": "w planie taryfikacji uwzględniono również świadczenia, w których istotną część kosztu stanowi wyrób medyczny.", "passage_english": "the tariff plan also includes benefits in which a medical device is a material share of cost.", "local_term": "taryfikacja", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "public benefit-cost/tariff setting.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Plan Taryfikacji na 2026 r.; Agencja Oceny Technologii Medycznych i Taryfikacji (AOTMiT); published 2025/2026. Quote: “w planie taryfikacji uwzględniono również świadczenia, w których istotną część kosztu stanowi wyrób medyczny.” Translation: “the tariff plan also includes benefits in which a medical device is a material share of cost.” Term: taryfikacja—public benefit-cost/tariff setting. URL: https://bip.aotm.gov.pl/assets/files/taryfikacja/plany/Plan%20Taryfikacji%20na%20rok%202026.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-16", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Obwieszczenie Ministra Zdrowia z 17 czerwca 2025 r. w sprawie wykazu refundowanych… na 1 lipca 2025 r.", "title_english": "Health Minister reimbursement-list notice of 17 June 2025, effective 1 July 2025", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "17 Jun 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/obwieszczenie-ministra-zdrowia-z-dnia-17-czerwca-2025-r-w-sprawie-wykazu-refundowanych-lekow-srodkow-spozywczych-specjalnego-przeznaczenia-zywieniowego-oraz-wyrobow-medycznych-na-1-lipca-2025-r", "passage_original": "zmiany cen detalicznych i dopłat pacjenta … zmiany cen zbytu netto.", "passage_english": "changes in retail prices and patient copayments … changes in net sale prices.", "local_term": "urzędowa cena zbytu", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "official negotiated sale price.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Obwieszczenie Ministra Zdrowia z 17 czerwca 2025 r. w sprawie wykazu refundowanych… na 1 lipca 2025 r.; MZ; published 17 Jun 2025, effective 1 Jul 2025. Quote: “zmiany cen detalicznych i dopłat pacjenta … zmiany cen zbytu netto.” Translation: “changes in retail prices and patient copayments … changes in net sale prices.” Term: urzędowa cena zbytu—official negotiated sale price. URL: https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/obwieszczenie-ministra-zdrowia-z-dnia-17-czerwca-2025-r-w-sprawie-wykazu-refundowanych-lekow-srodkow-spozywczych-specjalnego-przeznaczenia-zywieniowego-oraz-wyrobow-medycznych-na-1-lipca-2025-r. . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-17", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Lista refundacyjna – wyjaśnienie", "title_english": "Reimbursement list — explanation", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "1 Apr 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/lista-refundacyjna--wyjasnienie", "passage_original": "Wejście leku na listę refundacyjną poprzedzone jest negocjacjami cenowymi między Ministerstwem zdrowia a podmiotem odpowiedzialnym.", "passage_english": "Entry on the reimbursement list is preceded by price negotiations between MZ and the responsible entity.", "local_term": "podmiot odpowiedzialny", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "marketing-authorization holder/responsible firm, not public owner.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Lista refundacyjna – wyjaśnienie; MZ; published 1 Apr 2025. Quote: “Wejście leku na listę refundacyjną poprzedzone jest negocjacjami cenowymi między Ministerstwem zdrowia a podmiotem odpowiedzialnym.” Translation: “Entry on the reimbursement list is preceded by price negotiations between MZ and the responsible entity.” Term: podmiot odpowiedzialny—marketing-authorization holder/responsible firm, not public owner. URL: https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/lista-refundacyjna--wyjasnienie . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-18", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": "public administration service card", "title_original": "Karta usługi IOWISZ – aktualizacja 02.2026", "title_english": "IOWISZ service card — February 2026 update", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/attachment/3361a0a0-422a-4327-9535-6b93ce518bed", "passage_original": "Uzyskanie opinii o inwestycji w sektorze zdrowia.", "passage_english": "Obtaining an opinion on a health-sector investment.", "local_term": "opinia o celowości inwestycji", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "needs-consistency opinion, not a transfer of ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Karta usługi IOWISZ – aktualizacja 02.2026; public administration service card; approved 26 Feb 2026. Quote: “Uzyskanie opinii o inwestycji w sektorze zdrowia.” Translation: “Obtaining an opinion on a health-sector investment.” Term: opinia o celowości inwestycji—needs-consistency opinion, not a transfer of ownership. URL: https://www.gov.pl/attachment/3361a0a0-422a-4327-9535-6b93ce518bed . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-19", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 1, 14 ], "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": "MZ", "title_original": "Inwestujemy w Twoje zdrowie – 18 mld zł z KPO…", "title_english": "We are investing in your health — PLN 18bn from the Recovery and Resilience Plan", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "4 Aug 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/inwestujemy-w-twoje-zdrowie---18-mld-zl-z-kpo-realnym-wsparciem-dla-pacjentow-i-placowek-w-calej-polsce", "passage_original": "349 przedsięwzięć uzyskało pozytywną ocenę i otrzymało łącznie ponad 9,6 miliarda złotych.", "passage_english": "349 projects received a positive assessment and more than PLN 9.6bn.", "local_term": "przedsięwzięcie", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "funded project, recipient may have different ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Inwestujemy w Twoje zdrowie – 18 mld zł z KPO…; MZ; published 4 Aug 2025; awards through 2025. Quote: “349 przedsięwzięć uzyskało pozytywną ocenę i otrzymało łącznie ponad 9,6 miliarda złotych.” Translation: “349 projects received a positive assessment and more than PLN 9.6bn.” Term: przedsięwzięcie—funded project, recipient may have different ownership. URL: https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/inwestujemy-w-twoje-zdrowie---18-mld-zl-z-kpo-realnym-wsparciem-dla-pacjentow-i-placowek-w-calej-polsce . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-20", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Dziennik Ustaw/ELI", "title_original": "Ustawa o działalności leczniczej – consolidated 2026 text", "title_english": "Act on medical activity — consolidated 2026 text", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2026/156/text/O/D20260156.pdf", "passage_original": "Podmiot tworzący może pokryć stratę netto … samodzielnego publicznego zakładu opieki zdrowotnej.", "passage_english": "The creating entity may cover the net loss of an SPZOZ.", "local_term": "podmiot tworzący", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "creating entity with statutory governance/loss role, not necessarily current owner of every asset.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Ustawa o działalności leczniczej – consolidated 2026 text; Dziennik Ustaw/ELI; published 2026. Quote: “Podmiot tworzący może pokryć stratę netto … samodzielnego publicznego zakładu opieki zdrowotnej.” Translation: “The creating entity may cover the net loss of an SPZOZ.” Term: podmiot tworzący—creating entity with statutory governance/loss role, not necessarily current owner of every asset. URL: https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2026/156/text/O/D20260156.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-21", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": "GUS", "title_original": "Działalność badawcza i rozwojowa w Polsce w 2024 r.", "title_english": "Research and development activity in Poland in 2024", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "23 Dec 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/nauka-i-technika-spoleczenstwo-informacyjne/nauka-i-technika/dzialalnosc-badawcza-i-rozwojowa-w-polsce-w-2024-r-%2C15%2C9.html?contrast=default", "passage_original": "Analiza wyników badania … formularz PNT-01 … sektory wykonawcze i finansujące.", "passage_english": "Analysis of the PNT-01 R&D survey … performing and funding sectors.", "local_term": "sektor wykonawczy/finansujący", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "performer/funder sector; not legal ownership without further classification.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Działalność badawcza i rozwojowa w Polsce w 2024 r.; GUS; published 23 Dec 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Analiza wyników badania … formularz PNT-01 … sektory wykonawcze i finansujące.” Translation: “Analysis of the PNT-01 R&D survey … performing and funding sectors.” Term: sektor wykonawczy/finansujący—performer/funder sector; not legal ownership without further classification. URL: https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/nauka-i-technika-spoleczenstwo-informacyjne/nauka-i-technika/dzialalnosc-badawcza-i-rozwojowa-w-polsce-w-2024-r-%2C15%2C9.html?contrast=default . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "PL-22", "iso3": "POL", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": "Ministerstwo Aktywów Państwowych", "title_original": "Spółki z udziałem Skarbu Państwa – wzmocnienie przemysłu farmaceutycznego", "title_english": "State-shareholding companies — strengthening the pharmaceutical industry", "source_language": "Polish", "publication_date": "2023", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/attachment/de7ec011-dc1a-44c2-bc4d-368d8d24ede1", "passage_original": "W portfelu Skarbu Państwa znajdują się 4 spółki działające w branży farmaceutycznej oraz medycznej, specjalizujące się w produkcji leków … oraz sprzętu ortopedycznego.", "passage_english": "The State Treasury portfolio contains four pharmaceutical/medical companies specializing in medicines and orthopedic equipment.", "local_term": "spółka z udziałem Skarbu Państwa", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "state-shareholding company; share can be minority or majority and must be specified separately.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Spółki z udziałem Skarbu Państwa – wzmocnienie przemysłu farmaceutycznego; Ministerstwo Aktywów Państwowych; published 2023/official portfolio period. Quote: “W portfelu Skarbu Państwa znajdują się 4 spółki działające w branży farmaceutycznej oraz medycznej, specjalizujące się w produkcji leków … oraz sprzętu ortopedycznego.” Translation: “The State Treasury portfolio contains four pharmaceutical/medical companies specializing in medicines and orthopedic equipment.” Term: spółka z udziałem Skarbu Państwa—state-shareholding company; share can be minority or majority and must be specified separately. URL: https://www.gov.pl/attachment/de7ec011-dc1a-44c2-bc4d-368d8d24ede1 . T1; medium (older than preferred; used only for the supported existence of a state portfolio, not a current share)." }, { "source_id": "PT-1", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "title_original": "Estatísticas da Saúde 2023", "title_english": "Health Statistics 2023", "source_language": "Portuguese", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=720545905&att_display=n&att_download=y", "passage_original": "242 hospitais: 111 hospitais públicos, 130 hospitais privados e 1 hospital em parceria público-privada ; 24,0 mil camas … públicos … 11,5 mil … privados … 277 … parceria", "passage_english": "242 hospitals: 111 public, 130 private and one PPP; 24.0 thousand public beds, 11.5 thousand private beds and 277 PPP beds.", "local_term": "parceria público-privada", "literal_meaning": "public-private partnership", "functional_meaning": "separate contractual/operating category", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Bed values are rounded except PPP and must not be reverse-engineered to false precision." }, { "source_id": "PT-2", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "title_original": "Conta Satélite da Saúde 2021–2024Pe, Base 2021", "title_english": "Health Satellite Account 2021–2024 preliminary, 2021 base", "source_language": "Portuguese", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2023 final", "2024 preliminary" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=735391066&att_display=n&att_download=y", "passage_original": "despesa corrente em saúde … 26 866,3 milhões de euros ; famílias … 29,3%", "passage_english": "current health expenditure €26,866.3m; households 29.3%.", "local_term": "agente financiador", "literal_meaning": "financing agent", "functional_meaning": "institutional payer channel, not necessarily an SHA financing scheme", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "The 63.9% broader public agent group includes voluntary public subsystems and is not strict HF1." }, { "source_id": "PT-3", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Diário da República / Governo", "title_original": "Decreto-Lei n.º 102/2023", "title_english": "Decree-Law No. 102/2023", "source_language": "Portuguese", "publication_date": "2023-11-07", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "effective 2024-01-01" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/102-2023-223906278", "passage_original": "criação de novas ULS, através da integração dos hospitais e centros hospitalares existentes com os ACES", "passage_english": "creation of new ULS through integration of existing hospitals and hospital centres with ACES.", "local_term": "ULS, EPE", "literal_meaning": "local health unit, public enterprise entity", "functional_meaning": "integrated public operator across primary and hospital care", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Integration establishes public operation, not ownership of every upstream input." }, { "source_id": "PT-4", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Diário da República / Governo", "title_original": "Decreto-Lei n.º 13/2021", "title_english": "Decree-Law No. 13/2021", "source_language": "Portuguese", "publication_date": "2021-02-10", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current institutional statute" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/13-2021-156974201", "passage_original": "investigação, desenvolvimento e produção de medicamentos e dispositivos médicos", "passage_english": "research, development and production of medicines and medical devices.", "local_term": "Laboratório Nacional do Medicamento", "literal_meaning": "National Medicines Laboratory", "functional_meaning": "bounded Army public R&D and production establishment", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Older statute retained as current institutional authority." }, { "source_id": "PT-5", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Diário da República", "title_original": "Decreto-Lei n.º 307/2007", "title_english": "Decree-Law No. 307/2007", "source_language": "Portuguese", "publication_date": "2007-08-31", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current consolidated framework" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/307-2007-641148", "passage_original": "Podem ser proprietárias de farmácias pessoas singulares ou sociedades comerciais", "passage_english": "Individuals or commercial companies may own pharmacies.", "local_term": "proprietária", "literal_meaning": "owner", "functional_meaning": "title/capital ownership, distinct from pharmacist technical direction", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Older law retained for the current consolidated framework; no current owner share." }, { "source_id": "PT-6", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12, 14 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Serviços Partilhados do Ministério da Saúde", "title_original": "Compras públicas", "title_english": "Public procurement", "source_language": "Portuguese", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.spms.min-saude.pt/compras-publicas", "passage_original": "centralização da aquisição de bens e serviços específicos", "passage_english": "centralization of the acquisition of specific goods and services.", "local_term": "compras públicas", "literal_meaning": "public purchases", "functional_meaning": "pooled procurement, not public manufacture", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current page accessed 2026-08-16." }, { "source_id": "SK-01", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 ], "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": "Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácií (NCZI)", "title_original": "Zdravotnícka ročenka Slovenskej republiky 2024", "title_english": "Health Yearbook of the Slovak Republic 2024", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "27 Mar 2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nczisk.sk/Documents/rocenky/2024/Zdravotnicka_rocenka_Slovenskej_republiky_2024.pdf", "passage_original": "všeobecná nemocnica … 77 … 22 302 [postelí]; špecializovaná nemocnica … 49 … 6 149.", "passage_english": "general hospital: 77, 22,302 beds; specialized hospital: 49, 6,149.", "local_term": "PZS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "operator/provider; postele—beds.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zdravotnícka ročenka Slovenskej republiky 2024; Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácií (NCZI); published 27 Mar 2026 (chapters prepared Dec 2025); data year 2024. Quote: “všeobecná nemocnica … 77 … 22 302 [postelí]; špecializovaná nemocnica … 49 … 6 149.” Translation: “general hospital: 77, 22,302 beds; specialized hospital: 49, 6,149.” Terms: PZS—operator/provider; postele—beds. URL: https://www.nczisk.sk/Documents/rocenky/2024/Zdravotnicka_rocenka_Slovenskej_republiky_2024.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-02", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": "Slov-Lex/National Council", "title_original": "578/2004 Z. z. Zákon o poskytovateľoch…", "title_english": "Act No. 578/2004 on healthcare providers", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "1 Dec 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://static.slov-lex.sk/pdf/SK/ZZ/2004/578/ZZ_2004_578_20251201.pdf", "passage_original": "Ďalšie vzdelávanie zdravotníckeho pracovníka zahŕňa špecializačné štúdium… certifikačnú prípravu a sústavné vzdelávanie… odborne a metodicky riadi ministerstvo zdravotníctva.", "passage_english": "Further education includes specialty study, certification preparation, and continuous education; MZ directs it professionally and methodically.", "local_term": "ďalšie vzdelávanie", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "post-qualification education.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "578/2004 Z. z. Zákon o poskytovateľoch…; Slov-Lex/National Council; version effective 1 Dec 2025. Quote: “Ďalšie vzdelávanie zdravotníckeho pracovníka zahŕňa špecializačné štúdium… certifikačnú prípravu a sústavné vzdelávanie… odborne a metodicky riadi ministerstvo zdravotníctva.” Translation: “Further education includes specialty study, certification preparation, and continuous education; MZ directs it professionally and methodically.” Term: ďalšie vzdelávanie—post-qualification education. Direct PDF: https://static.slov-lex.sk/pdf/SK/ZZ/2004/578/ZZ_2004_578_20251201.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-03", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": "MZ SR", "title_original": "Zoznam špecializačných odborov zaradených do rezidentského štúdia pre všetky samosprávne kraje", "title_english": "Residency-study specialties designated for all self-governing regions", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "18 Nov 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.sk/?rezidenti-specializacne-odbory-podla-samospravnych-krajov", "passage_original": "k 01.02.2026 a 01.10.2026.", "passage_english": "for 1 February and 1 October 2026.", "local_term": "rezidentské štúdium", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "earmarked ministry-supported specialty study.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zoznam špecializačných odborov zaradených do rezidentského štúdia pre všetky samosprávne kraje; MZ SR; published 18 Nov 2025; intakes 1 Feb/1 Oct 2026. Quote: “k 01.02.2026 a 01.10.2026.” Translation: “for 1 February and 1 October 2026.” Term: rezidentské štúdium—earmarked ministry-supported specialty study. URL: https://www.health.gov.sk/?rezidenti-specializacne-odbory-podla-samospravnych-krajov . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-04", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "NCZI", "title_original": "Pracovníci v zdravotníctve v Slovenskej republike 2024", "title_english": "Healthcare workers in the Slovak Republic 2024", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "5 Nov 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nczisk.sk/Statisticke_vystupy/Tematicke_statisticke_vystupy/Pracovnici_zdravotnictve/Pages/default.aspx", "passage_original": "Uvádza sa počet fyzických osôb v evidenčnom počte na konci sledovaného roka.", "passage_english": "The number of natural persons on the recorded headcount at year-end is stated.", "local_term": "evidenčný počet", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "recorded headcount, not FTE.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Pracovníci v zdravotníctve v Slovenskej republike 2024; NCZI; published 5 Nov 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Uvádza sa počet fyzických osôb v evidenčnom počte na konci sledovaného roka.” Translation: “The number of natural persons on the recorded headcount at year-end is stated.” Term: evidenčný počet—recorded headcount, not FTE. URL: https://www.nczisk.sk/Statisticke_vystupy/Tematicke_statisticke_vystupy/Pracovnici_zdravotnictve/Pages/default.aspx . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-05", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": "Štátny ústav pre kontrolu liečiv (ŠÚKL)", "title_original": "Zoznam výrobcov", "title_english": "List of manufacturers", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sukl.sk/pre-odbornikov-a-firmy/vyroba-distribucia-a-transfuziologia/zoznam-vyrobcov-a-velkodistributorov/zoznam-vyrobcov", "passage_original": "Biomedicínske centrum Slovenskej akadémie vied, verejná výskumná inštitúcia … V-31/2023.", "passage_english": "Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, public research institution … permit V-31/2023.", "local_term": "držiteľ povolenia", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "permit holder.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Zoznam výrobcov; Štátny ústav pre kontrolu liečiv (ŠÚKL); live register checked Aug 2026. Quote: “Biomedicínske centrum Slovenskej akadémie vied, verejná výskumná inštitúcia … V-31/2023.” Translation: “Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, public research institution … permit V-31/2023.” Term: držiteľ povolenia—permit holder. URL: https://www.sukl.sk/pre-odbornikov-a-firmy/vyroba-distribucia-a-transfuziologia/zoznam-vyrobcov-a-velkodistributorov/zoznam-vyrobcov . T1; high for licence, medium for activity scope." }, { "source_id": "SK-06", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 7 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": "Agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývoja (APVV)", "title_original": "Výročná správa o činnosti APVV za rok 2025", "title_english": "APVV Annual Activity Report 2025", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.apvv.sk/buxus/docs/agentura/vyrocne-spravy/apvv-vs-2025.html", "passage_original": "alokovala sumu 45 mil. € … v rámci verejnej výzvy VV 2024.", "passage_english": "allocated €45m under public call VV 2024.", "local_term": "verejná výzva", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "competitive public research call.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Výročná správa o činnosti APVV za rok 2025; Agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývoja (APVV); published 2026; call VV 2024/funding start 2025. Quote: “alokovala sumu 45 mil. € … v rámci verejnej výzvy VV 2024.” Translation: “allocated €45m under public call VV 2024.” Term: verejná výzva—competitive public research call. URL: https://www.apvv.sk/buxus/docs/agentura/vyrocne-spravy/apvv-vs-2025.html . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-07", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": "Biomedicínske centrum SAV", "title_original": "Projekty štrukturálnych fondov", "title_english": "Structural-fund projects", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025–2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://bmc.sav.sk/veda/projekty/projekty-strukturalnych-fondov/", "passage_original": "Systémová verejná výskumná infraštruktúra – biobanka pre nádorové a zriedkavé ochorenia.", "passage_english": "Systemic public research infrastructure—a biobank for cancer and rare diseases.", "local_term": "verejná výskumná infraštruktúra", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "public research infrastructure, not provider ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Projekty štrukturálnych fondov; Biomedicínske centrum SAV; current 2025–2026. Quote: “Systémová verejná výskumná infraštruktúra – biobanka pre nádorové a zriedkavé ochorenia.” Translation: “Systemic public research infrastructure—a biobank for cancer and rare diseases.” Term: verejná výskumná infraštruktúra—public research infrastructure, not provider ownership. URL: https://bmc.sav.sk/veda/projekty/projekty-strukturalnych-fondov/ . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-08", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": "ŠÚKL", "title_original": "Výroba, distribúcia a transfúziológia – FAQ / zmluvné kontrolné laboratóriá", "title_english": "Manufacturing, distribution, and transfusiology — FAQ / contract control laboratories", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sukl.sk/pre-odbornikov-a-firmy/vyroba-distribucia-a-transfuziologia/faq", "passage_original": "Humánne lieky: Chemické/Fyzikálne skúšky; Mikrobiologické skúšky… Biologické skúšky (LAL test).", "passage_english": "Human medicines: chemical/physical tests; microbiological tests; biological tests.", "local_term": "zmluvné kontrolné laboratórium", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "contract quality-control laboratory.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Výroba, distribúcia a transfúziológia – FAQ / zmluvné kontrolné laboratóriá; ŠÚKL; live page checked Aug 2026. Quote: “Humánne lieky: Chemické/Fyzikálne skúšky; Mikrobiologické skúšky… Biologické skúšky (LAL test).” Translation: “Human medicines: chemical/physical tests; microbiological tests; biological tests.” Term: zmluvné kontrolné laboratórium—contract quality-control laboratory. URL: https://www.sukl.sk/pre-odbornikov-a-firmy/vyroba-distribucia-a-transfuziologia/faq . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-09", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Slov-Lex", "title_original": "581/2004 Z. z. Zákon o zdravotných poisťovniach…", "title_english": "Act No. 581/2004 on health insurance companies", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "1 Jul 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://static.slov-lex.sk/static/SK/ZZ/2004/581/20250701.print.html", "passage_original": "Zdravotná poisťovňa je akciová spoločnosť … založená na účely vykonávania verejného zdravotného poistenia.", "passage_english": "A health insurer is a joint-stock company established to perform public health insurance.", "local_term": "akciová spoločnosť", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "joint-stock legal form; it does not specify public/private shareholder.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "581/2004 Z. z. Zákon o zdravotných poisťovniach…; Slov-Lex; version effective 1 Jul 2025. Quote: “Zdravotná poisťovňa je akciová spoločnosť … založená na účely vykonávania verejného zdravotného poistenia.” Translation: “A health insurer is a joint-stock company established to perform public health insurance.” Term: akciová spoločnosť—joint-stock legal form; it does not specify public/private shareholder. URL: https://static.slov-lex.sk/static/SK/ZZ/2004/581/20250701.print.html . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-10", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 11, 13 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Úrad pre dohľad nad zdravotnou starostlivosťou (ÚDZS)", "title_original": "Správa o stave vykonávania verejného zdravotného poistenia za rok 2024", "title_english": "Report on the operation of public health insurance in 2024", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.udzs-sk.sk/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Sprava-o-stave-VZP-za-rok-2024.pdf", "passage_original": "Poistenci celkom … VšZP 2 782 941; ZP Dôvera 1 730 089; ZP Union 674 398.", "passage_english": "Total insured: VšZP 2,782,941; Dôvera 1,730,089; Union 674,398.", "local_term": "prerozdeľovanie poistného", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "risk-adjusted contribution redistribution.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Správa o stave vykonávania verejného zdravotného poistenia za rok 2024; Úrad pre dohľad nad zdravotnou starostlivosťou (ÚDZS); published Sep 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Poistenci celkom … VšZP 2 782 941; ZP Dôvera 1 730 089; ZP Union 674 398.” Translation: “Total insured: VšZP 2,782,941; Dôvera 1,730,089; Union 674,398.” Term: prerozdeľovanie poistného—risk-adjusted contribution redistribution. URL: https://www.udzs-sk.sk/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Sprava-o-stave-VZP-za-rok-2024.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-11", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Všeobecná zdravotná poisťovňa", "title_original": "Informačná povinnosť", "title_english": "Information obligation", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025–2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vszp.sk/o-nas/ochrana-osobnych-udajov/informacna-povinnost/", "passage_original": "Jediným akcionárom spoločnosti je Slovenská republika, v ktorej mene koná Ministerstvo zdravotníctva.", "passage_english": "The sole shareholder is the Slovak Republic, represented by MZ.", "local_term": "jediný akcionár", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "sole legal shareholder.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Informačná povinnosť; Všeobecná zdravotná poisťovňa; current 2025–2026. Quote: “Jediným akcionárom spoločnosti je Slovenská republika, v ktorej mene koná Ministerstvo zdravotníctva.” Translation: “The sole shareholder is the Slovak Republic, represented by MZ.” Term: jediný akcionár—sole legal shareholder. URL: https://www.vszp.sk/o-nas/ochrana-osobnych-udajov/informacna-povinnost/ . T2; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-12", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ÚDZS", "title_original": "Súkromné zdravotné poisťovne si vyplatili dividendy…", "title_english": "Private health insurers paid more than €24 million in dividends", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "6 May 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.udzs-sk.sk/blog/2024/05/06/sukromne-zdravotne-poistovne-si-vyplatili-dividendy-spolu-vo-vyske-viac-ako-24-milionov-eur/", "passage_original": "ZP Dôvera … 19,995 mil. eur … ZP Union … 4,5 mil. eur.", "passage_english": "Dôvera: €19.995m; Union: €4.5m [dividends].", "local_term": "dividenda akcionárovi", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "shareholder profit distribution/P&L exposure.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Súkromné zdravotné poisťovne si vyplatili dividendy…; ÚDZS; published 6 May 2024; data year/payment 2024. Quote: “ZP Dôvera … 19,995 mil. eur … ZP Union … 4,5 mil. eur.” Translation: “Dôvera: €19.995m; Union: €4.5m [dividends].” Term: dividenda akcionárovi—shareholder profit distribution/P&L exposure. URL: https://www.udzs-sk.sk/blog/2024/05/06/sukromne-zdravotne-poistovne-si-vyplatili-dividendy-spolu-vo-vyske-viac-ako-24-milionov-eur/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-13", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "ambulatory-care", "institution": "ÚDZS", "title_original": "Stanoviská zdravotných poisťovní k nenaplneniu verejnej minimálnej siete… k 1.1.2024", "title_english": "Insurers’ positions on failure to meet the public minimum general-ambulatory-care network as of 1 January 2024", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.udzs-sk.sk/urad/udaje-o-vyhodnoteni-sieti-poskytovatelov-ambulantnej-starostlivosti-podla-zakona-c-578-2004-z-z/vyhodnotenie-stavu-verejnej-minimalnej-siete-poskytovatelov-vseobecnej-ambulantnej-starostlivosti/stanoviska-zdravotnych-poistovni-k-nenaplneniu-verejnej-minimalnej-siete-poskytovatelov-vseobecnej-ambulantnej-starostlivosti-k-1-1-2024/", "passage_original": "nenaplneniu verejnej minimálnej siete poskytovateľov všeobecnej ambulantnej starostlivosti.", "passage_english": "non-fulfilment of the public minimum network of general ambulatory-care providers.", "local_term": "verejná minimálna sieť", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statutory availability floor, not public ownership.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Stanoviská zdravotných poisťovní k nenaplneniu verejnej minimálnej siete… k 1.1.2024; ÚDZS; published 2024. Quote: “nenaplneniu verejnej minimálnej siete poskytovateľov všeobecnej ambulantnej starostlivosti.” Translation: “non-fulfilment of the public minimum network of general ambulatory-care providers.” Term: verejná minimálna sieť—statutory availability floor, not public ownership. URL: https://www.udzs-sk.sk/urad/udaje-o-vyhodnoteni-sieti-poskytovatelov-ambulantnej-starostlivosti-podla-zakona-c-578-2004-z-z/vyhodnotenie-stavu-verejnej-minimalnej-siete-poskytovatelov-vseobecnej-ambulantnej-starostlivosti/stanoviska-zdravotnych-poistovni-k-nenaplneniu-verejnej-minimalnej-siete-poskytovatelov-vseobecnej-ambulantnej-starostlivosti-k-1-1-2024/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-14", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": "MZ SR", "title_original": "Nová vyhláška – minimálne personálne a materiálno-technické vybavenie ambulantných zdravotníckych zariadení", "title_english": "New decree — minimum staffing and material-technical equipment of ambulatory facilities", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "22 Sep 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.sk/?Nova-vyhlaska-min-zabezpecenie-MTV-ambulantne-ZZ", "passage_original": "minimálne požiadavky na personálne zabezpečenie a materiálno-technické vybavenie.", "passage_english": "minimum personnel and material-technical equipment requirements.", "local_term": "materiálno-technické vybavenie", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "facility/equipment standard, not title.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Nová vyhláška – minimálne personálne a materiálno-technické vybavenie ambulantných zdravotníckych zariadení; MZ SR; decree 236/2025 effective 22 Sep 2025. Quote: “minimálne požiadavky na personálne zabezpečenie a materiálno-technické vybavenie.” Translation: “minimum personnel and material-technical equipment requirements.” Term: materiálno-technické vybavenie—facility/equipment standard, not title. URL: https://www.health.gov.sk/?Nova-vyhlaska-min-zabezpecenie-MTV-ambulantne-ZZ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-15", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Štatistický úrad SR", "title_original": "Výdavky na zdravotnú starostlivosť podľa systémov financovania a funkcií starostlivosti [zd1008rs]", "title_english": "Healthcare expenditure by financing scheme and function [zd1008rs]", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "31 Oct 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://statdat.statistics.sk/cognosext/cgi-bin/cognos.cgi?b_action=cognosViewer&cv.header=false&run.outputLocale=sk&run.prompt=true&ui.action=run&ui.name=V%C3%BDdavky+na+zdravotn%C3%BA+starostlivos%C5%A5+pod%C4%BEa+syst%C3%A9mov+financovania+a+funkci%C3%AD+starostlivosti+%5Bzd1008rs%5D&ui.object=storeID%28%22iAD3EB1690F3C4C348934D2438B8A1389%22%29", "passage_original": "údaje v miliónoch eur … Vládne systémy … Povinné príspevkové systémy … Platby domácností z vlastného vrecka.", "passage_english": "data in millions of euros … government schemes … compulsory contributory schemes … household out-of-pocket payments.", "local_term": "systém financovania", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "SHA financing scheme. Direct dynamic table: https://statdat.statistics.sk/cognosext/cgi-bin/cognos.cgi?b_action=cognosViewer&cv.header=false&run.outputLocale=sk&run.prompt=true&ui.action=run&ui.name=V%C3%BDdavky+na+zdravotn%C3%BA+starostlivos%C5%A5+pod%C4%BEa+syst%C3%A9mov+financovania+a+funkci%C3%AD+starostlivosti+%5Bzd1008rs%5D&ui.object=storeID%28%22iAD3EB1690F3C4C348934D2438B8A1389%22%29 .", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Výdavky na zdravotnú starostlivosť podľa systémov financovania a funkcií starostlivosti [zd1008rs]; Štatistický úrad SR; last updated 31 Oct 2025; SHA data through 2023. Quote: “údaje v miliónoch eur … Vládne systémy … Povinné príspevkové systémy … Platby domácností z vlastného vrecka.” Translation: “data in millions of euros … government schemes … compulsory contributory schemes … household out-of-pocket payments.” Term: systém financovania—SHA financing scheme. Direct dynamic table: https://statdat.statistics.sk/cognosext/cgi-bin/cognos.cgi?b_action=cognosViewer&cv.header=false&run.outputLocale=sk&run.prompt=true&ui.action=run&ui.name=V%C3%BDdavky+na+zdravotn%C3%BA+starostlivos%C5%A5+pod%C4%BEa+syst%C3%A9mov+financovania+a+funkci%C3%AD+starostlivosti+%5Bzd1008rs%5D&ui.object=storeID%28%22iAD3EB1690F3C4C348934D2438B8A1389%22%29 . T1; high for taxonomy, medium for reproducibility." }, { "source_id": "SK-16", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "title_original": "Eurostat dissemination API: hlth_sha11_hf, geo=SK, time=2023, unit=MIO_EUR", "title_english": "Eurostat dissemination API: health expenditure by financing scheme, Slovakia, 2023", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_sha11_hf?geo=SK&time=2023&unit=MIO_EUR", "passage_original": "HF11 361.37; HF12/13 6826.59; HF2 82.08; HF3 1834.94; HFTOT 9104.99.", "passage_english": "HF11 361.37; HF12/13 6826.59; HF2 82.08; HF3 1834.94; HFTOT 9104.99.", "local_term": "official mirror", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "non-domestic public replication of Slovakia’s SHA submission.", "evidence_tier": "T1 international official", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium-high", "notes": "Eurostat dissemination API: hlth_sha11_hf, geo=SK, time=2023, unit=MIO_EUR; Eurostat; retrieved 16 Aug 2026; data year 2023. Quote/field values: “HF11 361.37; HF12/13 6826.59; HF2 82.08; HF3 1834.94; HFTOT 9104.99.” Translation: codes are government, compulsory contributory, voluntary schemes, OOP, and all financing. Term: official mirror—non-domestic public replication of Slovakia’s SHA submission. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_sha11_hf?geo=SK&time=2023&unit=MIO_EUR . T1 international official; medium-high." }, { "source_id": "SK-17", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Centrum pre klasifikačný systém DRG", "title_original": "Ekonomická oblasť – dokumenty 2025", "title_english": "Economic area — 2025 documents", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cksdrg.sk/sk/dokumenty/ekonomicka-oblast?year=2025", "passage_original": "Metodika výpočtu a konvergencie základnej sadzby.", "passage_english": "Method for calculation and convergence of the base rate.", "local_term": "základná sadzba", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "DRG base rate.", "evidence_tier": "T1/T2 public DRG center", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Ekonomická oblasť – dokumenty 2025; Centrum pre klasifikačný systém DRG; published 2025. Quote: “Metodika výpočtu a konvergencie základnej sadzby.” Translation: “Method for calculation and convergence of the base rate.” Term: základná sadzba—DRG base rate. URL: https://www.cksdrg.sk/sk/dokumenty/ekonomicka-oblast?year=2025 . T1/T2 public DRG center; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-18", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Slov-Lex", "title_original": "363/2011 Z. z. Zákon o rozsahu a podmienkach úhrady liekov, zdravotníckych pomôcok…", "title_english": "Act No. 363/2011 on the scope and conditions of reimbursement for medicines and medical devices", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "1 Jan 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2011/363/20250101", "passage_original": "Ministerstvo rozhoduje kategorizáciou zdravotníckych pomôcok o … úradnom určení ceny.", "passage_english": "Through device categorization, the Ministry decides … the official price.", "local_term": "úradne určená cena", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "officially determined price.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "363/2011 Z. z. Zákon o rozsahu a podmienkach úhrady liekov, zdravotníckych pomôcok…; Slov-Lex; version effective 1 Jan 2025. Quote: “Ministerstvo rozhoduje kategorizáciou zdravotníckych pomôcok o … úradnom určení ceny.” Translation: “Through device categorization, the Ministry decides … the official price.” Term: úradne určená cena—officially determined price. URL: https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2011/363/20250101 . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-19", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "MZ SR", "title_original": "Zoznam kategorizovaných zdravotníckych pomôcok", "title_english": "List of categorized medical devices", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.sk/?zoznam-kategorizovanych-zdravotnickych-pomocok", "passage_original": "Limitové tabuľky, preskripčné obmedzenia a indikačné obmedzenia.", "passage_english": "Limit tables, prescribing restrictions, and indication restrictions.", "local_term": "kategorizovaný", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "administratively listed for reimbursement.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Zoznam kategorizovaných zdravotníckych pomôcok; MZ SR; live list page, current through 2026. Quote: “Limitové tabuľky, preskripčné obmedzenia a indikačné obmedzenia.” Translation: “Limit tables, prescribing restrictions, and indication restrictions.” Term: kategorizovaný—administratively listed for reimbursement. URL: https://www.health.gov.sk/?zoznam-kategorizovanych-zdravotnickych-pomocok . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-20", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": "ÚDZS", "title_original": "Údaje zverejňované v zmysle zákona č. 581/2004 Z. z.", "title_english": "Data published under Act No. 581/2004", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025–2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.udzs-sk.sk/urad/udaje-zverejnovane-v-zmysle-zakona-c-581-2004-z-z/", "passage_original": "minimálna celková suma … výdavkov určenej na zdravotnú starostlivosť v rozpočte pre jednotlivé zdravotné poisťovne.", "passage_english": "minimum total amount of health-care spending in each insurer’s budget.", "local_term": "programová vyhláška", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "annual statutory spending allocation rule.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Údaje zverejňované v zmysle zákona č. 581/2004 Z. z.; ÚDZS; current 2025–2026. Quote: “minimálna celková suma … výdavkov určenej na zdravotnú starostlivosť v rozpočte pre jednotlivé zdravotné poisťovne.” Translation: “minimum total amount of health-care spending in each insurer’s budget.” Term: programová vyhláška—annual statutory spending allocation rule. URL: https://www.udzs-sk.sk/urad/udaje-zverejnovane-v-zmysle-zakona-c-581-2004-z-z/ . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-21", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": "NCZI", "title_original": "Online procesy – ezdravie", "title_english": "Online processes — eHealth", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.nczisk.sk/Medzinarodna-spolupraca/PROJEKTY/Program_Slovensko/Online_procesy_ezdravie/Pages/default.aspx", "passage_original": "Poskytovateľ zdravotnej starostlivosti (právny subjekt prevádzkujúci ambulanciu, nemocnicu, lekáreň, laboratórium a pod.) … Zmluvný vzťah (vzťah medzi Zdravotnou poisťovňou a Poskytovateľom).", "passage_english": "PZS (legal entity operating a clinic, hospital, pharmacy, laboratory, etc.) … contractual relationship between insurer and provider.", "local_term": "prevádzkujúci", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "operating, not necessarily owning.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Online procesy – ezdravie; NCZI; implementation phase began Oct 2024. Quote: “Poskytovateľ zdravotnej starostlivosti (právny subjekt prevádzkujúci ambulanciu, nemocnicu, lekáreň, laboratórium a pod.) … Zmluvný vzťah (vzťah medzi Zdravotnou poisťovňou a Poskytovateľom).” Translation: “PZS (legal entity operating a clinic, hospital, pharmacy, laboratory, etc.) … contractual relationship between insurer and provider.” Term: prevádzkujúci—operating, not necessarily owning. URL: https://www.nczisk.sk/Medzinarodna-spolupraca/PROJEKTY/Program_Slovensko/Online_procesy_ezdravie/Pages/default.aspx . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-22", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": "Slov-Lex", "title_original": "540/2021 Z. z. Zákon o kategorizácii ústavnej zdravotnej starostlivosti", "title_english": "Act No. 540/2021 on the categorization of institutional healthcare", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "1 Jul 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/540/20250701", "passage_original": "ministerstvo zdravotníctva rozhoduje … o podmienenom zaradení nemocnice do siete … o úrovni nemocnice.", "passage_english": "MZ decides conditional inclusion in the network and hospital level.", "local_term": "sieť", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "planned categorized network.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "540/2021 Z. z. Zákon o kategorizácii ústavnej zdravotnej starostlivosti; Slov-Lex; version effective 1 Jul 2025. Quote: “ministerstvo zdravotníctva rozhoduje … o podmienenom zaradení nemocnice do siete … o úrovni nemocnice.” Translation: “MZ decides conditional inclusion in the network and hospital level.” Term: sieť—planned categorized network. URL: https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/540/20250701 . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-23", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": "MZ SR", "title_original": "Investičný plán Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej republiky na roky 2026–2030", "title_english": "Slovak Ministry of Health investment plan for 2026–2030", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025/2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.sk/Sources/dokumenty/mzsr/prioritizacia/Investicny_plan_2026_2030_kapital.pdf", "passage_original": "Zoznam schválených investičných projektov na roky 2026 až 2030 zo zdroja financovania kapitálové výdavky MZSR.", "passage_english": "List of approved 2026–2030 investment projects financed from MZ capital expenditure.", "local_term": "kapitálové výdavky", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "capital budget, not operating reimbursement.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Investičný plán Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej republiky na roky 2026–2030; MZ SR; published 2025/2026. Quote: “Zoznam schválených investičných projektov na roky 2026 až 2030 zo zdroja financovania kapitálové výdavky MZSR.” Translation: “List of approved 2026–2030 investment projects financed from MZ capital expenditure.” Term: kapitálové výdavky—capital budget, not operating reimbursement. URL: https://www.health.gov.sk/Sources/dokumenty/mzsr/prioritizacia/Investicny_plan_2026_2030_kapital.pdf . T1; high." }, { "source_id": "SK-24", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": "MZ SR", "title_original": "Investičný plán MZ SR – zdroj financovania POO", "title_english": "Ministry of Health investment plan — Recovery and Resilience Plan financing", "source_language": "Slovak", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.health.gov.sk/Sources/dokumenty/mzsr/prioritizacia/Investicny-plan-MZSR-zdroj-financovania-POO.pdf", "passage_original": "Nová sieť nemocníc … doplnenie prístrojového vybavenia nemocníc.", "passage_english": "New hospital network … supplementation of hospital equipment.", "local_term": "prijímateľ", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "grant recipient/project executor, not necessarily state owner.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Investičný plán MZ SR – zdroj financovania POO; MZ SR; updated 2026; project years through 2026. Quote: “Nová sieť nemocníc … doplnenie prístrojového vybavenia nemocníc.” Translation: “New hospital network … supplementation of hospital equipment.” Term: prijímateľ—grant recipient/project executor, not necessarily state owner. URL: https://www.health.gov.sk/Sources/dokumenty/mzsr/prioritizacia/Investicny-plan-MZSR-zdroj-financovania-POO.pdf . T1; high. ### Poland (22 sources)" }, { "source_id": "SVN-01", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "capacity/operator-status", "institution": "Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje (NIJZ)", "title_original": "Poročilo o porabi posteljnih zmogljivosti v bolnišnicah v letu 2024", "title_english": "Report on the use of hospital bed capacity in 2024", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2025-11-24", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Porocilo-o-porabi-PMZ-2024-24.11.2025.pdf", "passage_original": "“Vseh postelj ... 8.490.”", "passage_english": "“All beds ... 8,490.” Table 34 names 29 hospitals; the three private hospitals have 32, 24 and 22 beds.", "local_term": "*posteljne zmogljivosti* (bed capacity).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*posteljne zmogljivosti* (bed capacity).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 24 Nov 2025; data year 2024. Quote: “Vseh postelj ... 8.490.” Translation: “All beds ... 8,490.” Table 34 names 29 hospitals; the three private hospitals have 32, 24 and 22 beds. Term: *posteljne zmogljivosti* (bed capacity). Direct URL: https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Porocilo-o-porabi-PMZ-2024-24.11.2025.pdf . Tier T2; confidence high for named organizations/beds; public ratio is a transparent calculation." }, { "source_id": "SVN-02", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5 ], "dimension": "operator-status/control", "institution": "Ministrstvo za zdravje, GOV.SI", "title_original": "Poslovanje izvajalcev zdravstvene dejavnosti / Mreža javne zdravstvene službe", "title_english": "Operation of healthcare providers / Public-health-service network", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.si/teme/poslovanje-izvajalcev-zdravstvene-dejavnosti/", "passage_original": "“Ustanovitelj javnih zdravstvenih zavodov na primarni ravni je občina, na sekundarni in terciarni ravni pa država.”", "passage_english": "“The founder of public health institutes at primary level is the municipality, and at secondary and tertiary levels the state.”", "local_term": "*ustanovitelj* (founder, not necessarily asset owner).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*ustanovitelj* (founder, not necessarily asset owner).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current pages accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “Ustanovitelj javnih zdravstvenih zavodov na primarni ravni je občina, na sekundarni in terciarni ravni pa država.” Translation: “The founder of public health institutes at primary level is the municipality, and at secondary and tertiary levels the state.” Term: *ustanovitelj* (founder, not necessarily asset owner). Direct URLs: https://www.gov.si/teme/poslovanje-izvajalcev-zdravstvene-dejavnosti/ and https://www.gov.si/teme/mreza-javne-zdravstvene-sluzbe/ . Tier T1; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.gov.si/teme/mreza-javne-zdravstvene-sluzbe/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-03", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "dimension": "capacity/financing", "institution": "Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije (ZZZS)", "title_original": "Letno poročilo ZZZS za leto 2025", "title_english": "ZZZS Annual Report for 2025", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://api.zzzs.si/ZZZS/info/egradiva.nsf/0/97539c1546c90df2c1258daa002de5bd/%24FILE/Letno%20poro%C4%8Dilo%20ZZZS%20za%20leto%202025.pdf", "passage_original": "“izračunani zdravniki ... javni zavodi ... zasebniki s koncesijo”; tables give general practice 1,006.7 and 360.4.", "passage_english": "“calculated doctors ... public institutes ... private providers with concession.”", "local_term": "*izračunani zdravnik* (financing/capacity unit, not headcount), *koncesionar*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*izračunani zdravnik* (financing/capacity unit, not headcount), *koncesionar*.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2026; data year 2025. Quote: “izračunani zdravniki ... javni zavodi ... zasebniki s koncesijo”; tables give general practice 1,006.7 and 360.4. Translation: “calculated doctors ... public institutes ... private providers with concession.” Terms: *izračunani zdravnik* (financing/capacity unit, not headcount), *koncesionar*. Direct URL: https://api.zzzs.si/ZZZS/info/egradiva.nsf/0/97539c1546c90df2c1258daa002de5bd/%24FILE/Letno%20poro%C4%8Dilo%20ZZZS%20za%20leto%202025.pdf . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-04", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "operator-status/capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "title_original": "Poraba ambulantno predpisanih zdravil v Sloveniji v letu 2024", "title_english": "Use of outpatient-prescribed medicines in Slovenia in 2024", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2025-05-14", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/PORABA-ZDRAVIL-2024_14_5_2025.pdf", "passage_original": "“24 javnih lekarniških zavodov in 92 zasebnih lekarn”; locations “277 ... javnih” and “110 ... zasebnih.”", "passage_english": "“24 public pharmacy institutes and 92 private pharmacies”; “277 public” and “110 private” locations.", "local_term": "*javni lekarniški zavod*, *zasebna lekarna*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*javni lekarniški zavod*, *zasebna lekarna*.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 14 May 2025; data year/end-year 2024. Quote: “24 javnih lekarniških zavodov in 92 zasebnih lekarn”; locations “277 ... javnih” and “110 ... zasebnih.” Translation: “24 public pharmacy institutes and 92 private pharmacies”; “277 public” and “110 private” locations. Terms: *javni lekarniški zavod*, *zasebna lekarna*. Direct URL: https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/PORABA-ZDRAVIL-2024_14_5_2025.pdf . Tier T2; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-05", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (SURS)", "title_original": "Izdatki in viri financiranja zdravstvenega varstva, 2024", "title_english": "Health-care expenditure and financing sources, 2024", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2026-05-19", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/News/Index/14355", "passage_original": "“tekoči izdatki ... 6.263 milijonov EUR”; “javni viri 85,5 %”; “skladi socialne varnosti 76,9 %.”", "passage_english": "“current expenditure ... €6,263 million”; “public sources 85.5%”; “social-security funds 76.9%.”", "local_term": "*neposredni izdatki gospodinjstev* (OOP), *prostovoljna zavarovanja* (voluntary insurance).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*neposredni izdatki gospodinjstev* (OOP), *prostovoljna zavarovanja* (voluntary insurance).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 19 May 2026; data year 2024. Quote: “tekoči izdatki ... 6.263 milijonov EUR”; “javni viri 85,5 %”; “skladi socialne varnosti 76,9 %.” Translation: “current expenditure ... €6,263 million”; “public sources 85.5%”; “social-security funds 76.9%.” Terms: *neposredni izdatki gospodinjstev* (OOP), *prostovoljna zavarovanja* (voluntary insurance). Direct URL: https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/News/Index/14355 . Tier T1; confidence high; derived shares have rounding caveat." }, { "source_id": "SVN-06", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Vlada RS / Ministrstvo za finance", "title_original": "Z novim letom prihaja obvezni zdravstveni prispevek / Finančni petek: financiranje zdravstva", "title_english": "The compulsory health contribution arrives with the new year / Financial Friday: healthcare financing", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2023-12-29 / 2026-04-10", "effective_date": "2024-01-01", "data_year": "2024–26", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-12-29-z-novim-letom-prihaja-obvezni-zdravstveni-prispevek/", "passage_original": "“obvezni zdravstveni prispevek”; “prispevna stopnja delodajalca znaša 6,56 odstotka, zavarovanca pa 6,36 odstotka.”", "passage_english": "“compulsory health contribution”; “the employer contribution rate is 6.56%, and the insured person's 6.36%.”", "local_term": "*OZP* (compulsory, not voluntary).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*OZP* (compulsory, not voluntary).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 29 Dec 2023 and 10 Apr 2026; effective 1 Jan 2024/current. Quote: “obvezni zdravstveni prispevek”; “prispevna stopnja delodajalca znaša 6,56 odstotka, zavarovanca pa 6,36 odstotka.” Translation: “compulsory health contribution”; “the employer contribution rate is 6.56%, and the insured person's 6.36%.” Term: *OZP* (compulsory, not voluntary). Direct URLs: https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-12-29-z-novim-letom-prihaja-obvezni-zdravstveni-prispevek/ and https://www.gov.si/novice/2026-04-10-financni-petek-financiranje-zdravstva/ . Tier T1; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.gov.si/novice/2026-04-10-financni-petek-financiranje-zdravstva/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-07", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Univerza v Ljubljani / Univerza v Mariboru", "title_original": "Enoviti magistrski študijski program Medicina / Študentom na pot 2026/27", "title_english": "Integrated master's study programme in Medicine / Student guide 2026/27", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026/27 current programme", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uni-lj.si/programi/medicina", "passage_original": "“6 let (12 semestrov), 360 ECTS.”", "passage_english": "“6 years (12 semesters), 360 ECTS.”", "local_term": "*enoviti magistrski študijski program* (integrated master's programme).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*enoviti magistrski študijski program* (integrated master's programme).", "evidence_tier": "T3 public universities", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current programme material accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “6 let (12 semestrov), 360 ECTS.” Translation: “6 years (12 semesters), 360 ECTS.” Term: *enoviti magistrski študijski program* (integrated master's programme). Direct URLs: https://www.uni-lj.si/programi/medicina and https://www.mf.um.si/attachments/article/2590/brosuraMF2627.pdf . Tier T3 public universities; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.mf.um.si/attachments/article/2590/brosuraMF2627.pdf" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-08", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Uradni list RS", "title_original": "Pravilnik o vrstah, vsebini, trajanju in poteku specializacij zdravnikov", "title_english": "Rules on the types, content, duration and course of physicians' specializations", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": "2024", "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2024-01-1092/pravilnik-o-vrstah-vsebini-trajanju-in-poteku-specializacij-zdravnikov", "passage_original": "“Zbornica praviloma dvakrat letno objavi javni razpis specializacij.”", "passage_english": "“The Chamber normally publishes a public call for specializations twice a year.”", "local_term": "*nacionalni razpis*, *razpis za posameznega izvajalca* (national/provider-specific call).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*nacionalni razpis*, *razpis za posameznega izvajalca* (national/provider-specific call).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published/effective 2024 (Ur. l. 35/2024). Quote: “Zbornica praviloma dvakrat letno objavi javni razpis specializacij.” Translation: “The Chamber normally publishes a public call for specializations twice a year.” Terms: *nacionalni razpis*, *razpis za posameznega izvajalca* (national/provider-specific call). Direct URL: https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2024-01-1092/pravilnik-o-vrstah-vsebini-trajanju-in-poteku-specializacij-zdravnikov . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-09", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Zdravniška zbornica Slovenije", "title_original": "Končno stanje prijav na prvi rok jesenskega razpisa specializacij", "title_english": "Final application status for the first deadline of the autumn specialization call", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2026-02-18", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2025/26", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.zdravniskazbornica.si/informacije-publikacije-in-analize/obvestila/2026/02/18/kon%C4%8Dno-stanje-prijav-na-prvi-rok-jesenskega-razpisa-specializacij", "passage_original": "“razpisanih je bilo 235 specializacij ... prispelo 185 vlog.”", "passage_english": "“235 specialization places were advertised ... 185 applications were received.”", "local_term": "*specializacija* (postgraduate specialty training).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*specializacija* (postgraduate specialty training).", "evidence_tier": "T3 official professional body", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 18 Feb 2026; call year 2025/26. Quote: “razpisanih je bilo 235 specializacij ... prispelo 185 vlog.” Translation: “235 specialization places were advertised ... 185 applications were received.” Term: *specializacija* (postgraduate specialty training). Direct URL: https://www.zdravniskazbornica.si/informacije-publikacije-in-analize/obvestila/2026/02/18/kon%C4%8Dno-stanje-prijav-na-prvi-rok-jesenskega-razpisa-specializacij . Tier T3 official professional body; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-10", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 3, 8 ], "dimension": "operator-status/integration", "institution": "Vlada RS / Ministrstvo za zdravje", "title_original": "Sklep o ustanovitvi Zavoda Republike Slovenije za transfuzijsko medicino", "title_english": "Decision establishing the Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current consolidated act", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZ/DOKUMENTI/ZDRAVJE/organiziranost/SKLEPI-O-USTANOVITVI/Sklep-o-ustanovitvi-Zavoda-Republike-Slovenije-za-transfuzijsko-medicino.pdf", "passage_original": "“Zavod je javni zdravstveni zavod”; “zbira, testira, predeluje, hrani in razdeljuje kri in komponente krvi.”", "passage_english": "“The Institute is a public health institute”; “collects, tests, processes, stores and distributes blood and blood components.” It also supplies medicines made from blood under the public service.", "local_term": "*javna služba* (statutory public-service obligation).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*javna služba* (statutory public-service obligation).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Consolidated founding act current. Quote: “Zavod je javni zdravstveni zavod”; “zbira, testira, predeluje, hrani in razdeljuje kri in komponente krvi.” Translation: “The Institute is a public health institute”; “collects, tests, processes, stores and distributes blood and blood components.” It also supplies medicines made from blood under the public service. Term: *javna služba* (statutory public-service obligation). Direct URL: https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZ/DOKUMENTI/ZDRAVJE/organiziranost/SKLEPI-O-USTANOVITVI/Sklep-o-ustanovitvi-Zavoda-Republike-Slovenije-za-transfuzijsko-medicino.pdf . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-11", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "financing/integration", "institution": "Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost RS (ARIS)", "title_original": "Financiranje in nadzor / Raziskovalni projekti", "title_english": "Financing and supervision / Research projects", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.aris-rs.si/o-agenciji/financiranje-in-nadzor", "passage_original": "“stabilno financiranje znanstvenoraziskovalne dejavnosti ... 241.353.000 EUR.”", "passage_english": "“stable financing of scientific-research activity ... €241,353,000.”", "local_term": "*stabilno financiranje* (institutional research funding; all fields).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*stabilno financiranje* (institutional research funding; all fields).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current 2025 data. Quote: “stabilno financiranje znanstvenoraziskovalne dejavnosti ... 241.353.000 EUR.” Translation: “stable financing of scientific-research activity ... €241,353,000.” Term: *stabilno financiranje* (institutional research funding; all fields). Direct URLs: https://www.aris-rs.si/o-agenciji/financiranje-in-nadzor and https://dataportal.aris-rs.si/sl/podatki-in-analize/tematska-podrocja/znanost/raziskovalni-projekti/ . Tier T2; confidence high for all-field funding, low for biomedical allocation (not inferred).", "related_urls": [ "https://dataportal.aris-rs.si/sl/podatki-in-analize/tematska-podrocja/znanost/raziskovalni-projekti/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-12", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 8, 9, 12 ], "dimension": "manufacturing/control", "institution": "Javna agencija RS za zdravila in medicinske pripomočke (JAZMP)", "title_original": "Seznami / Register proizvajalcev medicinskih pripomočkov", "title_english": "Lists / Register of medical-device manufacturers", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2026-05-22", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.jazmp.si/fileadmin/datoteke/seznami/SMP/_Register_proizvajalcev_javno.htm", "passage_original": "“Register proizvajalcev medicinskih pripomočkov”; medicine page lists “imetniki dovoljenja za proizvodnjo zdravil.”", "passage_english": "“Register of medical-device manufacturers”; “holders of authorization to manufacture medicines.”", "local_term": "*proizvajalec*, *dovoljenje za proizvodnjo*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*proizvajalec*, *dovoljenje za proizvodnjo*.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Register current 22 May 2026. Quote: “Register proizvajalcev medicinskih pripomočkov”; medicine page lists “imetniki dovoljenja za proizvodnjo zdravil.” Translation: “Register of medical-device manufacturers”; “holders of authorization to manufacture medicines.” Terms: *proizvajalec*, *dovoljenje za proizvodnjo*. Direct URLs: https://www.jazmp.si/fileadmin/datoteke/seznami/SMP/_Register_proizvajalcev_javno.htm and https://www.jazmp.si/regulativa-dejavnosti/seznami/ . Tier T2; confidence high for registration, not output/ownership.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.jazmp.si/regulativa-dejavnosti/seznami/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-13", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 12, 14 ], "dimension": "control/price-setting", "institution": "Uradni list RS / Vlada RS", "title_original": "Uredba o programih storitev obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, zmogljivostih ... in obsegu sredstev za leto 2025", "title_english": "Regulation on compulsory-health-insurance service programmes, required capacities and funding volume for 2025", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2025", "data_year": 2025, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2025-01-0469/uredba-o-programih-storitev-obveznega-zdravstvenega-zavarovanja-zmogljivostih-potrebnih-za-njegovo-izvajanje-in-obsegu-sredstev-za-leto-2025", "passage_original": "“določa programe storitev ... zmogljivosti, potrebne za njegovo izvajanje, in obseg sredstev”; price elements include “plače ... materialni stroški ... amortizacija.”", "passage_english": "“determines service programmes ... the capacities needed to implement them and the volume of funds”; “wages ... material costs ... depreciation.”", "local_term": "*program*, *zmogljivost*, *obračunska cena*.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*program*, *zmogljivost*, *obračunska cena*.", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Effective 2025. Quote: “določa programe storitev ... zmogljivosti, potrebne za njegovo izvajanje, in obseg sredstev”; price elements include “plače ... materialni stroški ... amortizacija.” Translation: “determines service programmes ... the capacities needed to implement them and the volume of funds”; “wages ... material costs ... depreciation.” Terms: *program*, *zmogljivost*, *obračunska cena*. Direct URL: https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2025-01-0469/uredba-o-programih-storitev-obveznega-zdravstvenega-zavarovanja-zmogljivostih-potrebnih-za-njegovo-izvajanje-in-obsegu-sredstev-za-leto-2025 . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-14", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "ZZZS", "title_original": "Cene zdravstvenih storitev / Pravica do medicinskih pripomočkov", "title_english": "Prices of health services / Right to medical devices", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/pravice-do-zdravstvenih-storitev/cene-zdravstvenih-storitev/", "passage_original": "“količnikih ... točkah ... utežeh”; devices: “cenovni standard.”", "passage_english": "“coefficients ... points ... weights”; “price standard.”", "local_term": "*količnik* (primary-care unit), *točka* (outpatient/pharmacy point), *utež* (hospital SPP weight), *cenovni standard* (device recognized price standard).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*količnik* (primary-care unit), *točka* (outpatient/pharmacy point), *utež* (hospital SPP weight), *cenovni standard* (device recognized price standard).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current pages accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “količnikih ... točkah ... utežeh”; devices: “cenovni standard.” Translation: “coefficients ... points ... weights”; “price standard.” Terms: *količnik* (primary-care unit), *točka* (outpatient/pharmacy point), *utež* (hospital SPP weight), *cenovni standard* (device recognized price standard). Direct URLs: https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/pravice-do-zdravstvenih-storitev/cene-zdravstvenih-storitev/ and https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/medicinski-pripomocki/pravica-do-medicinskih-pripomockov/ . Tier T2; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/medicinski-pripomocki/pravica-do-medicinskih-pripomockov/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-15", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Ministrstvo za zdravje", "title_original": "O Uradu za nadzor, kakovost in investicije v zdravstvu / Urad za investicije v zdravstvu", "title_english": "About the Office for Supervision, Quality and Investment in Healthcare / Office for Healthcare Investments", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2026, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.si/drzavni-organi/organi-v-sestavi/urad-za-investicije-v-zdravstvu/o-uradu/", "passage_original": "“načrtuje, vodi in nadzira investicije v javne zdravstvene zavode.”", "passage_english": "“plans, manages and supervises investments in public health institutes.”", "local_term": "*investicije* (capital investment; management does not equal title).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*investicije* (capital investment; management does not equal title).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current 2026 office mandate. Quote: “načrtuje, vodi in nadzira investicije v javne zdravstvene zavode.” Translation: “plans, manages and supervises investments in public health institutes.” Term: *investicije* (capital investment; management does not equal title). Direct URL: https://www.gov.si/drzavni-organi/organi-v-sestavi/urad-za-investicije-v-zdravstvu/o-uradu/ . Tier T1; confidence high." }, { "source_id": "SVN-16", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 14 ], "dimension": "capacity/financing", "institution": "Uradni list RS; Ministrstvo za zdravje", "title_original": "Zakon o zagotavljanju finančnih sredstev za investicije v slovensko zdravstvo v letih od 2021 do 2031 / Sofinanciranje investicij na primarni ravni", "title_english": "Act on providing financial resources for investment in Slovenian healthcare from 2021 to 2031 / Co-financing primary-level investments", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": "2021 / 2025", "effective_date": "2021–31", "data_year": "2021–31", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2021-01-3096", "passage_original": "“finančnih sredstev za investicije ... od 2021 do 2031”; call: “15.000.000 eurov v letu 2025 in 20.000.000 eurov v letu 2026.”", "passage_english": "“financial resources for investments ... from 2021 to 2031”; “€15m in 2025 and €20m in 2026.”", "local_term": "*sofinanciranje* (co-financing; not ownership transfer).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*sofinanciranje* (co-financing; not ownership transfer).", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Act published 2021, operative through 2031; call published 2025. Quote: “finančnih sredstev za investicije ... od 2021 do 2031”; call: “15.000.000 eurov v letu 2025 in 20.000.000 eurov v letu 2026.” Translation: “financial resources for investments ... from 2021 to 2031”; “€15m in 2025 and €20m in 2026.” Term: *sofinanciranje* (co-financing; not ownership transfer). Direct URLs: https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2021-01-3096 and https://www.gov.si/zbirke/javne-objave/sofinanciranje-investicij-na-primarni-ravni-zdravstvene-dejavnosti-v-republiki-sloveniji/ . Tier T1; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://www.gov.si/zbirke/javne-objave/sofinanciranje-investicij-na-primarni-ravni-zdravstvene-dejavnosti-v-republiki-sloveniji/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-17", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "payment/transparency", "institution": "ZZZS; NIJZ", "title_original": "Vpogled v moje podatke / Elektronski obračun zdravstvenih storitev / Čakalne dobe", "title_english": "View my data / Electronic billing of health services / Waiting times", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/e-storitve-zzzs/vpogled-v-moje-podatke/", "passage_original": "“vpogled v podatke o izdatkih za zdravstvene storitve, zdravila in medicinske pripomočke”; “elektronski obračun zdravstvenih storitev.”", "passage_english": "“view data on expenditure for health services, medicines and medical devices”; “electronic billing of health services.”", "local_term": "*vpogled*, *obračun*, *čakalna doba* (inspection; settlement; waiting time).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*vpogled*, *obračun*, *čakalna doba* (inspection; settlement; waiting time).", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Current services accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “vpogled v podatke o izdatkih za zdravstvene storitve, zdravila in medicinske pripomočke”; “elektronski obračun zdravstvenih storitev.” Translation: “view data on expenditure for health services, medicines and medical devices”; “electronic billing of health services.” Terms: *vpogled*, *obračun*, *čakalna doba* (inspection; settlement; waiting time). Direct URLs: https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/e-storitve-zzzs/vpogled-v-moje-podatke/ , https://partner.zzzs.si/e-poslovanje/elektronski-obracun-zdravstvenih-storitev/ and https://nijz.si/podatki/cakalne-dobe/tedenska-porocila-o-cakalnih-dobah/ . Tier T2; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://partner.zzzs.si/e-poslovanje/elektronski-obracun-zdravstvenih-storitev/", "https://nijz.si/podatki/cakalne-dobe/tedenska-porocila-o-cakalnih-dobah/" ] }, { "source_id": "SVN-18", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Uradni list RS; ZZZS", "title_original": "Zakon o zdravilih / Najvišje priznane vrednosti za terapevtske skupine zdravil", "title_english": "Medicinal Products Act / Maximum recognized values for therapeutic groups of medicines", "source_language": "Slovenian", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "current 2026", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/116550", "passage_original": "“najvišje dovoljene cene zdravil”; “najvišja priznana vrednost ... na ravni najcenejšega zdravila.”", "passage_english": "“maximum permitted prices of medicines”; “maximum recognized value ... at the level of the cheapest medicine.”", "local_term": "*najvišja dovoljena cena* (JAZMP ceiling), *najvišja priznana vrednost* (ZZZS reimbursement reference).", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "*najvišja dovoljena cena* (JAZMP ceiling), *najvišja priznana vrednost* (ZZZS reimbursement reference).", "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Operative statutory framework; current ZZZS page accessed 16 Aug 2026. Quote: “najvišje dovoljene cene zdravil”; “najvišja priznana vrednost ... na ravni najcenejšega zdravila.” Translation: “maximum permitted prices of medicines”; “maximum recognized value ... at the level of the cheapest medicine.” Terms: *najvišja dovoljena cena* (JAZMP ceiling), *najvišja priznana vrednost* (ZZZS reimbursement reference). Direct URLs: https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/116550 and https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/zdravila-in-zivila-za-posebne-zdravstvene-namene/najvisje-priznane-vrednosti-za-terapevtske-skupine-zdravil/ . Tier T1/T2; confidence high.", "related_urls": [ "https://zavarovanec.zzzs.si/zdravila-in-zivila-za-posebne-zdravstvene-namene/najvisje-priznane-vrednosti-za-terapevtske-skupine-zdravil/" ] }, { "source_id": "ES-1", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "control", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "title_original": "Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales 2025", "title_english": "National Catalogue of Hospitals 2025", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025-11-12", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024-12-31" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/sisInfSanSNS/ofertaRecursos/hospitales/docs/CNH_2025.pdf", "passage_original": "TOTAL 848 159.679 ; ejerce dominio o jurisdicción, jerárquica o funcional, más inmediata … independientemente de su forma de gestión", "passage_english": "Total 848 hospitals and 159,679 installed beds; exercises the most immediate hierarchical or functional dominion or jurisdiction, independently of management form.", "local_term": "dependencia funcional", "literal_meaning": "functional dependence", "functional_meaning": "nearest governing entity, explicitly not ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Direct audit gives 387 hospitals and 108,799 beds under public functional dependence." }, { "source_id": "ES-2", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "title_original": "Sistema de Cuentas de Salud: principales resultados 2023", "title_english": "System of Health Accounts: main results 2023", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/sisInfSanSNS/pdf/SCSprincipalesResultados.pdf", "passage_original": "Gasto sanitario total 142.773 ; Gasto sanitario público 105.145", "passage_english": "Total health expenditure €142,773m; public health expenditure €105,145m.", "local_term": "gasto sanitario público", "literal_meaning": "public health expenditure", "functional_meaning": "domestic-account public financing category, not hospital ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Pure household OOP was not isolated from the retrieved table." }, { "source_id": "ES-3", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Ministerio de Defensa", "title_original": "Visita al Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa", "title_english": "Visit to the Defence Military Pharmacy Centre", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2026-06-04", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.defensa.gob.es/gabinete/notasPrensa/2026/06/DGC-260604-visita-centro-farmacia.html", "passage_original": "único laboratorio farmacéutico de titularidad pública de España", "passage_english": "Spain’s only publicly owned pharmaceutical laboratory.", "local_term": "CEMILFARDEF", "literal_meaning": "Defence Military Pharmacy Centre", "functional_meaning": "bounded military production and logistics institution", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Not evidence of a civilian SNS manufacturing chain." }, { "source_id": "ES-4", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_ids": [ 10 ], "dimension": "research", "institution": "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", "title_original": "El ISCIII ha destinado este año 192 millones…", "title_english": "ISCIII allocated €192 million this year…", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2025" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.isciii.es/en/w/el-isciii-ha-destinado-este-a%C3%B1o-192-millones-a-ayudas-para-impulsar-la-investigaci%C3%B3n-en-salud-en-espa%C3%B1a-un-11-m%C3%A1s-que-en-2024", "passage_original": "192 millones … 1.274 ayudas", "passage_english": "€192 million across 1,274 grants.", "local_term": "Acción Estratégica en Salud", "literal_meaning": "Strategic Action in Health", "functional_meaning": "competitive public health-research funding programme", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Funding does not imply public industrial ownership." }, { "source_id": "ES-5", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad / BOE", "title_original": "Ley 16/1997, de regulación de servicios de las oficinas de farmacia", "title_english": "Law 16/1997 regulating community pharmacy services", "source_language": "Spanish", "publication_date": "1997-04-25", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "current consolidated principle" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/farmacia/legislacion/leyes/ley_16_97.htm", "passage_original": "establecimientos sanitarios privados de interés público", "passage_english": "private health establishments of public interest.", "local_term": "interés público", "literal_meaning": "public interest", "functional_meaning": "regulated social function, not public ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Older law retained for the current consolidated ownership principle." }, { "source_id": "SE-1", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistiska centralbyrån", "title_original": "“Hälsoräkenskaper 2023.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Swedish", "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/nationalrakenskaper/nationalrakenskaper/halsorakenskaper/pong/statistiknyhet/halsorakenskaper-2023/", "passage_original": "offentliga myndigheter ... 86 procent ... hushållen ... 13 procent.", "passage_english": "public authorities 86 percent; households 13 percent.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "public authorities 86 percent; households 13 percent.", "functional_meaning": "financing, not provider ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Statistiska centralbyrån. Published 31 March 2025; data 2023." }, { "source_id": "SE-2", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "title_original": "“Regionen i siffror 2025: verksamhetsåret 2024.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Swedish", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://extra.skr.se/download/18.3d7d2c9d19ab5ba921d165c8/1764236598377/Regionrapporten%20verksamhets%C3%A5ret%202024.pdf", "passage_original": "privat drivna vårdcentraler ... 47 procent.", "passage_english": "privately operated health centres ... 47 percent.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "privately operated health centres ... 47 percent.", "functional_meaning": "operator share, not financing or asset ownership", "evidence_tier": "T2 official regional body", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner. Published 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "SE-3", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "title_original": "Tabeller regionanställd personal 2024", "title_english": "Tables for region-employed personnel 2024", "source_language": "Swedish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024-11", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://skr.se/personalochkompetensforsorjning/statistikompersonalochkompetensforsorjning/personalstatistik/tabellerregionanstalldpersonal2025/tabellerregionanstalldpersonal2024.10602.html", "passage_original": "Tabellerna ger en övergripande beskrivning av personalen i regioner. Uppgifterna avser anställda under november 2024.", "passage_english": "The tables give an overall description of personnel in the regions. The data concern employees in November 2024.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "Physicians, specialist 21,382; nonspecialist 15,811.", "functional_meaning": "The official landing page establishes the survey frame as employees of Sweden's regions in November 2024 and lists Table B. It does not itself verify the physician counts or cover privately employed contractor staff.", "evidence_tier": "T2", "verification_status": "partial", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Official SKR landing page verifies the 2024 table series and frame. Exact Table B counts require a retained table file/archive." }, { "source_id": "SE-4", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Finansdepartementet/Regeringskansliet", "title_original": "“Verksamhetsberättelse för bolag med statligt ägande 2024.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Swedish", "publication_date": "2025-06-25", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/a2be3c80b3384f3eadc64530f6a2ff23/verksamhetsberattelse--for-bolag-med-statligt-agande-2024.pdf", "passage_original": "Apotek Produktion & Laboratorier (APL) (100%).", "passage_english": "same: APL 100% state-owned.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "same: APL 100% state-owned.", "functional_meaning": "direct public pharmaceutical manufacturing ownership", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Finansdepartementet/Regeringskansliet. Published 25 June 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "SE-5", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "Apotek Produktion & Laboratorier", "title_original": "“Samhällsuppdraget.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Swedish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.apl.se/samhallsuppdraget.html", "passage_original": "Vi tillverkar och tillhandahåller extemporeläkemedel.", "passage_english": "We manufacture and provide extemporaneous medicines.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "We manufacture and provide extemporaneous medicines.", "functional_meaning": "actual production, not only R&D/procurement", "evidence_tier": "T3 state-owned manufacturer", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Apotek Produktion & Laboratorier. Current." }, { "source_id": "SE-6", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Tandvårds- och läkemedelsförmånsverket", "title_original": "“Allmänna riktlinjer.”", "title_english": null, "source_language": "Swedish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.tlv.se/om-tlv/regelverk/allmanna-riktlinjer.html", "passage_original": "beslutar om pris och subvention.", "passage_english": "decides price and reimbursement.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": "decides price and reimbursement.", "functional_meaning": "statutory covered outpatient-medicine price/reimbursement; not every hospital net price", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Tandvårds- och läkemedelsförmånsverket. Current." }, { "source_id": "C1", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik", "title_original": "Handbuch Krankenhausstatistik / Definition öffentlich oder subventioniert", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://dam-api.bfs.admin.ch/hub/api/dam/assets/230514/master", "passage_original": "Betriebsbeiträge oder Defizitgarantie der öffentlichen Hand.", "passage_english": "Operating contributions or a deficit guarantee from the public sector.", "local_term": "öffentlich oder subventioniert", "literal_meaning": "public or subsidized", "functional_meaning": "composite status/funding class", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Official statistical definition, earlier reference still governing the category distinction; classification evidence, not a current count." }, { "source_id": "S1", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "swissuniversities", "title_original": "Berichterstattung Zulassung zum Medizinstudium 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2024/25", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.swissuniversities.ch/fileadmin/swissuniversities/Dokumente/Lehre/Medizin/2024_Medizin_Zulassung_EMS_Berichterstattung_swu_ZTD_d.pdf", "passage_original": "2'195 Studienplätze im ersten Studienjahr Humanmedizin.", "passage_english": "2,195 first-year study places in human medicine.", "local_term": "Studienplatzkapazität", "literal_meaning": "study-place capacity", "functional_meaning": "admitted first-year training capacity", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "2024; academic year 2024/25." }, { "source_id": "S10", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "FAQ Umsetzung KVG-Zulassung Leistungserbringer", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/dam/bag/de/dokumente/kuv-leistungen/rev-kvg-zulassung-leistungserbringer/faq-umsetzung-kvg-zulassung-leistungserbringer.pdf", "passage_original": "Angestellte Ärztinnen und Ärzte sind keine Leistungserbringer.", "passage_english": "Employed physicians are not [themselves] service providers.", "local_term": "Einrichtung der ambulanten Krankenpflege", "literal_meaning": "ambulatory-care institution", "functional_meaning": "admitted facility that employs physicians", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S11", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 6 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "pharmaSuisse, Schweizerischer Apothekerverband", "title_original": "Fakten und Zahlen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://pharmasuisse.org/de/fakten-und-zahlen", "passage_original": "1'830 Apotheken in der Schweiz.", "passage_english": "1,830 pharmacies in Switzerland.", "local_term": "Kettenapotheke", "literal_meaning": "chain pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "pharmacy belonging to a common chain; not public/private owner classification", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Updated/published 2025; data 31 Dec 2024." }, { "source_id": "S12", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 7, 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Schweizerisches Heilmittelinstitut", "title_original": "Swissmedic Geschäftsbericht 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.swissmedic.ch/dam/swissmedic/de/dokumente/stab/gesch%C3%A4ftsbericht/geschaeftsbericht2024.pdf.download.pdf/Swissmedic_GB_2024_DE_WEB.pdf", "passage_original": "1 111 Betriebsbewilligungen.", "passage_english": "1,111 operating authorizations.", "local_term": "Betriebsbewilligung", "literal_meaning": "operating authorization", "functional_meaning": "licence covering specified regulated activity/site, not a firm or owner count", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "S13", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D; Healthcare research", "institution": "Schweizerischer Nationalfonds", "title_original": "Jahresbericht 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.snf.ch/de/JX7XSsRgCr63RyaG/seite/jahresbericht-2024", "passage_original": "34 Prozent … in die Life Sciences.", "passage_english": "34% … went to life sciences.", "local_term": "Fördermittel", "literal_meaning": "research funding", "functional_meaning": "sponsor award, not ownership or industrial expenditure", "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "S14", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Schweizer Armee", "title_original": "Armeeapotheke", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.vtg.admin.ch/de/armeeapotheke", "passage_original": "einzige Verwaltungseinheit des Bundes mit … Herstellungsbewilligung.", "passage_english": "the only federal administrative unit with … a manufacturing authorization.", "local_term": "Armeeapotheke", "literal_meaning": "army pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "federal military production, quality, logistics and med-tech unit", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 28 Aug 2025; current mission/capacity." }, { "source_id": "S15", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 9 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Medizinprodukterecht", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/medizinprodukterecht", "passage_original": "an die EU-Regulierung angeglichen.", "passage_english": "aligned with EU regulation.", "local_term": "Konformitätsbewertung", "literal_meaning": "conformity assessment", "functional_meaning": "premarket compliance process, not public approval/ownership", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S16", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 9, 12 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods; Price-setting", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Mittel- und Gegenständeliste (MiGeL)", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/mittel-und-gegenstaendeliste-migel", "passage_original": "Höchstvergütungsbeträge (HVB).", "passage_english": "maximum reimbursement amounts.", "local_term": "Höchstvergütungsbetrag", "literal_meaning": "maximum reimbursement amount", "functional_meaning": "OKP payment ceiling for listed aid/device", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S17", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 10 ], "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Katalog Ressortforschungsthemen BAG 2025–2028", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/dam/bag/de/dokumente/e-f/forschung/katalog-ressortforschungsthemen-bag-2025-2028.pdf.download.pdf/241119-katalog-ressortforschunsthemen-bag-2025-2028.pdf", "passage_original": "Ressortforschungsthemen des BAG 2025–2028.", "passage_english": "BAG departmental-research topics 2025–2028.", "local_term": "Ressortforschung", "literal_meaning": "departmental research", "functional_meaning": "policy-oriented research commissioned/undertaken for a federal department", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "19 Nov 2024; programme 2025–28." }, { "source_id": "S18", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik / Bundesamt für Gesundheit news release", "title_original": "Kosten des Gesundheitswesens 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/newnsb/j2rSvoYBZ7n589CpirkcB", "passage_original": "direkte Zahlungen … 21,3 %.", "passage_english": "direct payments … 21.3%.", "local_term": "direkte Finanzierung der Privathaushalte", "literal_meaning": "direct household financing", "functional_meaning": "OOP/direct payments", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "24 Apr 2026; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "S19", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 11, 13 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing; Billing / transparency", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Krankenversicherung: Leistungen und Tarife", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/krankenversicherung-leistungen-und-tarife", "passage_original": "Leistungserbringer … dem Versicherten eine Rechnungskopie.", "passage_english": "The service provider [sends] the insured person a copy of the invoice.", "local_term": "Tiers payant", "literal_meaning": "third-party payment", "functional_meaning": "provider bills insurer directly", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S2", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 1 ], "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Revision MedBG: Registrierung der Diplome und Spracheintrag", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/revision-medbg-registrierung-der-diplome-und-spracheintrag", "passage_original": "sechs Jahre Vollzeitstudium oder 5500 Stunden.", "passage_english": "six years of full-time study or 5,500 hours.", "local_term": "eidgenössisches Diplom", "literal_meaning": "federal diploma", "functional_meaning": "nationally recognized qualifying credential", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S20", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Tarifsystem SwissDRG", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/stationaere-tarifstrukturen", "passage_original": "Baserate wird zwischen den Tarifpartnern vereinbart.", "passage_english": "The base rate is agreed between the tariff partners.", "local_term": "Baserate", "literal_meaning": "base rate", "functional_meaning": "hospital-specific monetary multiplier for national case weight", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S21", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Ambulanter Arzttarif: TARDOC und ambulante Pauschalen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/ambulanter-arzttarif", "passage_original": "per 1. Januar 2026 eingeführt.", "passage_english": "introduced on 1 January 2026.", "local_term": "ambulante Pauschale", "literal_meaning": "ambulatory flat rate", "functional_meaning": "episode/service bundle payment", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current in 2026; effective 1 Jan 2026." }, { "source_id": "S22", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Medikamentenpreise in der Schweiz: häufige Fragen", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/medikamentenpreise-in-der-schweiz-haeufige-fragen", "passage_original": "therapeutischer Quervergleich und Auslandpreisvergleich.", "passage_english": "therapeutic cross-comparison and external price comparison.", "local_term": "Spezialitätenliste", "literal_meaning": "specialties list", "functional_meaning": "reimbursable medicines with BAG maximum price", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S23", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 13 ], "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Publikation der Fallkosten der Spitäler", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/publikation-der-fallkosten-der-spitaeler", "passage_original": "Fallkosten … pro Spitalstandort.", "passage_english": "case costs … per hospital site.", "local_term": "Fallkosten", "literal_meaning": "case costs", "functional_meaning": "reported treatment cost per case/site, not necessarily tariff/payment", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current 2026; cost data 2024." }, { "source_id": "S24", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 9, 14 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Investitionen der Schweizer Spitäler und kantonale Spitalplanung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/dam/de/sd-web/qsUvJJv1r6Nh/Investitionen%20der%20Schweizer%20Spit%C3%A4ler%20und%20kantonale%20Spitalplanung.pdf", "passage_original": "Kantone sind für die Spitalplanung zuständig.", "passage_english": "The cantons are responsible for hospital planning.", "local_term": "Spitalplanung", "literal_meaning": "hospital planning", "functional_meaning": "canton needs assessment/list mandates, not ownership", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published 28 Jan 2026; recent investment/planning evidence." }, { "source_id": "S25", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Krankenversicherung: Risikoausgleich", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/krankenversicherung-risikoausgleich", "passage_original": "Die Gemeinsame Einrichtung KVG … führt den Risikoausgleich durch.", "passage_english": "The Common Institution under KVG carries out risk equalization.", "local_term": "Risikoausgleich", "literal_meaning": "risk equalization", "functional_meaning": "transfers among insurers for differing enrollee risk", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S26", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Verzeichnisse der zugelassenen Kranken- und Rückversicherer", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/verzeichnisse-der-zugelassenen-kranken-und-rueckversicherer", "passage_original": "Liste der zugelassenen Krankenversicherer.", "passage_english": "List of authorized health insurers.", "local_term": "zugelassener Krankenversicherer", "literal_meaning": "authorized health insurer", "functional_meaning": "regulated legal payer permitted to operate social health insurance", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Published/updated 2026; authorization year 2026." }, { "source_id": "S3", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Akkreditierung der Weiterbildungsgänge Medizinalberufe", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/akkreditierung-weiterbildungsgaenge-medizinalberufe", "passage_original": "periodisch akkreditiert.", "passage_english": "periodically accredited.", "local_term": "Weiterbildungsgang", "literal_meaning": "postgraduate programme", "functional_meaning": "accredited pathway to a federal postgraduate title", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S4", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik", "title_original": "Panorama Gesundheit 2024 / Gesundheitspersonal nach Institution", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://dam-api.bfs.admin.ch/hub/api/dam/assets/36296421/master", "passage_original": "Total: 377 091 Vollzeitäquivalente.", "passage_english": "Total: 377,091 full-time equivalents.", "local_term": "Vollzeitäquivalent", "literal_meaning": "full-time equivalent", "functional_meaning": "standardized labour input, not headcount", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 25 Nov 2025; data 2024 except practices 2022." }, { "source_id": "S5", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 3 ], "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Statistiken Medizinalberufe", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/statistiken-medizinalberufe", "passage_original": "im Medizinalberuferegister (MedReg) eingetragen.", "passage_english": "entered in the Medical Professions Register (MedReg).", "local_term": "MedReg", "literal_meaning": "medical professions register", "functional_meaning": "credential/practice registry, not employer census", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Updated 26 Jun 2025; data through 2024." }, { "source_id": "S6", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik, PXWeb", "title_original": "Krankenhausstatistik: Krankenhäuser und Betten 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-1404010100_102/px-x-1404010100_102/px-x-1404010100_102.px/", "passage_original": "Anzahl Betriebe … Anzahl Betten.", "passage_english": "Number of establishments … number of beds.", "local_term": "Betrieb", "literal_meaning": "establishment/enterprise unit", "functional_meaning": "BFS hospital statistical unit", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Metadata updated 25 Nov 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "S7", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik", "title_original": "Krankenhäuser 2024", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://dam-api.bfs.admin.ch/hub/api/dam/assets/36296487/master", "passage_original": "270 Spitäler … 37 792 Betten.", "passage_english": "270 hospitals … 37,792 beds.", "local_term": "Spital/Krankenhaus", "literal_meaning": "hospital", "functional_meaning": "reporting hospital enterprise in BFS statistics", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "25 Nov 2025; data 2024." }, { "source_id": "S8", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 4, 14 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Bundesamt für Gesundheit", "title_original": "Krankenversicherung: Spitalbehandlung", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.bag.admin.ch/de/krankenversicherung-spitalbehandlung", "passage_original": "Die Kantone sind verpflichtet, eine Spitalplanung zu erstellen.", "passage_english": "The cantons are required to prepare hospital planning.", "local_term": "Listenspital", "literal_meaning": "listed hospital", "functional_meaning": "canton-mandated hospital eligible for statutory inpatient co-payment", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high.", "notes": "Current at access 16 Aug 2026." }, { "source_id": "S9", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_ids": [ 5 ], "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik", "title_original": "Arztpraxen und ambulante Zentren 2021", "title_english": null, "source_language": "German", "publication_date": "2023", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.swissstats.bfs.admin.ch/data/webviewer/appId/ch.admin.bfs.swissstat/article/issue231418032100-01/package", "passage_original": "13 931 Arztpraxen und ambulante Zentren mit eigener Infrastruktur.", "passage_english": "13,931 medical practices and ambulatory centres with their own infrastructure.", "local_term": "Einzelunternehmen", "literal_meaning": "sole proprietorship", "functional_meaning": "enterprise owned by a self-employed physician", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Published 2023; census Dec 2021." }, { "source_id": "TR-01", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_ids": [ 4, 5, 14 ], "dimension": "Hospitals; Ambulatory / primary care; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı", "title_original": "Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2024", "title_english": "Health Statistics Yearbook 2024", "source_language": "Turkish", "publication_date": "31 Dec 2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR-114952/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2024.html", "passage_original": "Tablo 7.5. Sektörlere Göre 31.12.2024 Tarihinde Faal Olarak Sağlık Hizmeti Veren Kurum ve Kuruluşlara İlişkin Göstergeler... Hastane Sayısı: Sağlık Bakanlığı 940; Üniversite 69; Özel 535; Toplam 1.544. Hastane Yatağı Sayısı: Sağlık Bakanlığı 172.406; Üniversite 45.252; Özel 52.554; Toplam 270.212.", "passage_english": "Table 7.5. Indicators for institutions and organizations actively providing health services on 31 December 2024, by sector... Hospitals: Ministry of Health 940; university 69; private 535; total 1,544. Hospital beds: Ministry of Health 172,406; university 45,252; private 52,554; total 270,212.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The explicit 31 December active-facility table supplies the narrow Ministry/university/private hospital and bed denominator; the university category remains separate because the table does not split it by ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact table title, labels and values from the official Turkish PDF, page 125.", "related_urls": [ "https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/52859/0/siy2024tr31122025pdf.pdf" ] }, { "source_id": "TR-02", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu", "title_original": "Sağlık Harcamaları İstatistikleri, 2023", "title_english": "Health Expenditure Statistics, 2023", "source_language": "Turkish", "publication_date": "6 Dec 2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/53561", "passage_original": "Genel devlet sağlık harcamasının toplam sağlık harcamasına oranı 2023 yılında %77,5, özel sektör sağlık harcamasının oranı ise %22,5 olarak gerçekleşti... Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu %42,1, merkezi devlet %34,8, hanehalkları %17,8, sigorta şirketleri %2,5... mahalli idareler %0,6'lık bir paya sahip oldu.", "passage_english": "General-government health spending was 77.5% of total health spending in 2023 and private-sector health spending was 22.5%... The Social Security Institution accounted for 42.1%, central government 34.8%, households 17.8%, insurance companies 2.5%... and local administrations 0.6%.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "TurkStat directly reports financing-sector shares; these are spending-finance shares and must not be recast as provider ownership shares.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the TurkStat bulletin, published 6 December 2024." }, { "source_id": "TR-03", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_ids": [ 6, 9, 12 ], "dimension": "Pharmacies; Devices / capital goods; Price-setting", "institution": "Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu", "title_original": "Sağlık Uygulama Tebliğinde Değişiklik… 25.02.2024", "title_english": "Amendment to the Health Implementation Communiqué published on 25 February 2024", "source_language": "Turkish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sgk.gov.tr/Duyuru/Detay/25022024-Tarih-ve-32471-Sayili-Resmi-Gazetede-Yayimlanan-Sosyal-Guvenlik-Kurumu-Saglik-Uygulama-Tebliginde-Degisiklik-Yapilmasina-Dair-Teblig-2024-02-27-09-16-43", "passage_original": "25/02/2024 Tarih ve 32471 Sayılı Resmi Gazete’de Yayımlanan ‘Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Sağlık Uygulama Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ’... Ek EK-4A BEDELİ ÖDENECEK İLAÇLAR LİSTESİ.xlsx", "passage_english": "‘Communiqué amending the Social Security Institution Health Implementation Communiqué,’ published in Official Gazette No. 32471 on 25 February 2024... Annex EK-4A, List of medicines whose cost will be reimbursed.xlsx.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "SGK publishes SUT amendments and an explicit reimbursable-medicines annex; this establishes compulsory-payer reimbursement rules, not all cash-market prices.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact notice title and attachment name from the SGK page." }, { "source_id": "TR-04", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "SGK", "title_original": "2024 annual activity report", "title_english": "2024 Annual Activity Report", "source_language": "Turkish", "publication_date": "2024", "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.sgk.gov.tr/Download/DownloadFile?d=65521b2e-039e-4819-abd1-77503ab4383e&f=b1ae7c82-94ff-42fa-a4f5-452daf302c4a.pdf", "passage_original": "Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği (SUT) ve eklerinde yapılan değişikliklerin Kurum web sitesine bağlı ayrı bir sayfada yayımlanması ile SUT Değişiklik Tebliğlerinin işlenmiş eski ve güncel versiyonlarının görüntülenebilmesinin sağlanması...", "passage_english": "Changes made to the Health Implementation Communiqué (SUT) and its annexes are published on a separate page linked to the Institution’s website, enabling processed previous and current versions of SUT amendment communiqués to be viewed...", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "SGK maintains public current and prior versions of SUT and its annexes as the operational reimbursement rulebook.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the official SGK annual report. It supports SUT publication/version control, not all-market price setting." }, { "source_id": "TR-05", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_ids": [ 9, 13, 14 ], "dimension": "Devices / capital goods; Billing / transparency; Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Bursa Şehir Hastanesi", "title_original": "Kamu Özel İşbirliği Koordinasyon Birimi", "title_english": "Public–Private Partnership Coordination Unit", "source_language": "Turkish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://bursasehir.saglik.gov.tr/TR-848975/kamu-ozel-is-birligi-koordinasyon-birimi.html", "passage_original": "Şirket tarafından ifa edilen Tıbbi Destek Hizmetleri ve Destek Hizmetleri olmak üzere toplam 18 (on sekiz) hizmetin sunumunu... uygunluğunun sağlanmasında aktif rol alır... Hizmetlere ait faturaların İdaremize ulaşmış olduğu tarih esas alınarak 7 (yedi) iş günü içerisinde ödemeleri yapılır.", "passage_english": "[The unit] plays an active role in ensuring compliance in the delivery of a total of 18 services performed by the company, consisting of medical-support services and support services... Payments are made within seven working days from the date the service invoices reach the administration.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The public hospital administers a contract for 18 company-delivered support/clinical-support services and verifies invoices before payment; this is procurement/contract administration, not proof of private clinical-hospital ownership or patient billing.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Exact excerpt from the Bursa City Hospital unit page." }, { "source_id": "TR-06", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı", "title_original": "3359 Sayılı Sağlık Hizmetleri Temel Kanunu", "title_english": "Basic Health Services Law No. 3359", "source_language": "Turkish", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://mackaftr.saglik.gov.tr/TR-709054/3359-sayili-saglik-hizmetleri-temel-kanunu.html", "passage_original": "Sağlık tesisleri ile üniversitelerin [...] kurumları; eğitim, araştırma ve sağlık hizmeti sunumu için [...] kaynakları [...] birlikte kullanabilir.", "passage_english": "Health facilities and university institutions may jointly use resources for education, research, and the delivery of health services.", "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "The current official text of Law No. 3359 expressly permits joint use of Ministry health facilities and university training institutions for education, research, and care delivery.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Replaced an inaccessible Decree-Law No. 663 PDF with the current Ministry of Health publication of Law No. 3359, including the amended joint-use provision." }, { "source_id": "UK-1", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_ids": [ 11, 13 ], "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "title_original": "“Healthcare expenditure, UK Health Accounts: 2024 and 2025.”", "title_english": "“Healthcare expenditure, UK Health Accounts: 2024 and 2025.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2026", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2024 revised", "2025 preliminary" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthcaresystem/bulletins/ukhealthaccounts/latest", "passage_original": "government-financed healthcare expenditure ... £259.5 billion in 2024.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "UK SHA government-scheme amount; percentages above calculated from £320.3b total", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Office for National Statistics. Published 2026; revised 2024 and preliminary 2025." }, { "source_id": "UK-2", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Office for National Statistics, Freedom of Information", "title_original": "“UK hospitals by number of bed and patients.”", "title_english": "“UK hospitals by number of bed and patients.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025-06-10", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/ukhospitalsbynumberofbedandpatients", "passage_original": "we do not hold a database of UK hospitals.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "official data gap; ownership share Unknown rather than inferred", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Office for National Statistics, Freedom of Information. Published 10 June 2025. Source-specific confidence: high for data nonavailability." }, { "source_id": "UK-3", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Department of Health", "title_original": "“Guide to the healthcare system in England.”", "title_english": "“Guide to the healthcare system in England.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/194002/9421-2900878-TSO-NHS_Guide_to_Healthcare_WEB.PDF", "passage_original": "The majority of NHS services and hospitals belong to NHS trusts.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "England provider-body structure; not a current UK ownership census", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Department of Health. Official system guide. Source-specific confidence: medium because older guide, structural point corroborative only." }, { "source_id": "UK-4", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_ids": [ 12, 13 ], "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "NHS England", "title_original": "“2025/26 NHS Payment Scheme.”", "title_english": "“2025/26 NHS Payment Scheme.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": "2025-04-01", "data_year": "2025/26", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/2025-26-nhs-payment-scheme/", "passage_original": "rules governing how commissioners pay providers for healthcare services.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "England secondary-care payment mechanism, not UK-wide", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "NHS England. Effective 1 April 2025. Source-specific confidence: high for England." }, { "source_id": "UK-5", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_ids": [ 3, 5, 12 ], "dimension": "employment", "institution": "NHS England", "title_original": "“GP contract.”", "title_english": "“GP contract.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/gp-contract/", "passage_original": "individuals and partnerships ... must hold an NHS GP contract.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "independent provider contract form in England; it does not describe devolved nations", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "NHS England. Current contract page. Source-specific confidence: high for England." }, { "source_id": "UK-6", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_ids": [ 8 ], "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Department of Health and Social Care/NHSBT", "title_original": "“Framework agreement between DHSC and NHS Blood and Transplant.”", "title_english": "“Framework agreement between DHSC and NHS Blood and Transplant.”", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/framework-agreement-between-dhsc-and-nhs-blood-and-transplant/framework-agreement-between-dhsc-and-nhs-blood-and-transplant", "passage_original": "NHSBT is a special health authority for England and Wales.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "NHSBT is a central-government/public body delivering substances-of-human-origin services; its blood role is not a UK-wide conventional-drug manufacturer", "evidence_tier": "T1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Department of Health and Social Care/NHSBT. Published 2025; review due by 2028." }, { "source_id": "US-01", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, HCUP", "title_original": "Masked Hospital Identifiers – 2023 NIS", "title_english": "HCUP Summary Statistics Report: NIS 2023 Hospital File", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/nation/nis/tools/stats/MaskedStats_NIS_2023_Hospital.PDF", "passage_original": "1: Government, non-federal (public) 805 19.25%\n2: Private, not-for-profit (voluntary) 2,758 65.97%\n3: Private, investor-owned (proprietary) 618 14.78%", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Reports the unweighted control/ownership frequency distribution for the 4,181 hospitals in the 2023 NIS Hospital File. The companion NIS methodology is still required to define the frame; these are not national all-hospital ownership estimates.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "2023 data. Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "US-02", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 4 ], "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "title_original": "Introduction to the HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2023", "title_english": "Introduction to the HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2023", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "2025", "effective_date": null, "data_year": "2023", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/nation/nis/NISIntroduction2023.pdf", "passage_original": "The 2023 NIS sampling frame includes all hospitals that were open during any part of the calendar year and were designated as community hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Defines the NIS sampling frame, coverage, and eligible/excluded hospital types; it does not establish a national all-hospital ownership universe.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Official 2023 NIS methodology." }, { "source_id": "US-03", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "title_original": "NHE Fact Sheet", "title_english": "NHE Fact Sheet", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2024, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/national-health-expenditure-data/nhe-fact-sheet", "passage_original": "Private health insurance spending ... 31 percent of total NHE. The largest shares ... were sponsored by the federal government (31 percent) and the households (28 percent).", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Provides CMS's 2024 national-health-expenditure total and separate distributions by payer and by sponsor. Those two classifications have different meanings and must not be combined as one government or compulsory-financing share.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "2024 data (current page). Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "US-04", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "CMS", "title_original": "Medicare Payment Systems", "title_english": "Medicare Payment Systems", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cms.gov/outreach-and-education/medicare-learning-network-mln/mlnproducts/html/medicare-payment-systems.html", "passage_original": "This Medicare Payment Systems educational tool explains how each service type payment system works.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Describes CMS-administered Medicare payment systems for specified service types. It does not establish prices paid by private insurers or a national all-payer price schedule.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "current. Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "US-05", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "CMS", "title_original": "Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS)", "title_english": "Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS)", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cms.gov/cms-guide-medical-technology-companies-and-other-interested-parties/payment/ipps", "passage_original": "CMS generally makes payment for inpatient stays under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS).", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Establishes that Medicare generally pays covered acute-care inpatient stays through a prospectively determined, case-based system. It is a Medicare payment rule, not a national all-payer price.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Official CMS hospital-payment source." }, { "source_id": "US-06", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "CMS", "title_original": "Direct Graduate Medical Education (DGME)", "title_english": "Direct Graduate Medical Education (DGME)", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/prospective-payment-systems/acute-inpatient-pps/direct-graduate-medical-education-dgme", "passage_original": "Section 1886(h) of the Act ... establish a methodology for determining payments to hospitals for the costs of approved graduate medical education (GME) programs.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Establishes a Medicare methodology for direct payments to hospitals supporting approved GME programs. Financing approved training costs does not establish public ownership of the hospital.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "US-07", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 2 ], "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "CMS", "title_original": "Indirect Medical Education (IME)", "title_english": "Indirect Medical Education (IME)", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/prospective-payment-systems/acute-inpatient-pps/indirect-medical-education-ime", "passage_original": "prospective payment hospitals that have residents in an approved graduate medical education (GME) program receive an additional payment for a Medicare discharge", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Establishes an additional Medicare discharge payment for qualifying teaching hospitals to reflect higher patient-care costs. The adjustment finances teaching activity but does not establish public hospital ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Tier 1" }, { "source_id": "US-08", "iso3": "USA", "layer_ids": [ 12 ], "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "CMS", "title_original": "Physician Fee Schedule national payment amount file", "title_english": "PFS National Payment Amount File", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": null, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/fee-schedules/physician/national-payment-amount-file", "passage_original": "The significant size of the Physician Fee Schedule Payment Amount File-National requires that database programs ... be used to read these data.", "passage_english": null, "local_term": null, "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Provides CMS's national Medicare Physician Fee Schedule payment-amount files by year. 'National' describes the Medicare file, not a binding all-payer fee schedule for the U.S. health system.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Official CMS physician-payment amount source." }, { "source_id": "X-BENELUX-01", "iso3": null, "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Eurostat, European Commission", "title_original": "Health care expenditure by financing scheme [hlth_sha11_hf]", "title_english": "Health care expenditure by financing scheme [hlth_sha11_hf]", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": null, "effective_date": null, "data_year": 2023, "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_sha11_hf?geo=BE&geo=LU&geo=NL&time=2023", "passage_original": "“household out-of-pocket payment: means a direct payment for health care goods and services from the household primary income or savings, where the payment is made by the user at the time of the purchase of goods or the use of the services”.", "passage_english": "Source is already English: a household OOP payment is a direct household payment at the time goods/services are bought or used.", "local_term": "HF.1 government and compulsory schemes = financing schemes participation in which is government-run or legally compulsory; HF.3 household out-of-pocket payment = direct household payment at use/purchase. Functional meaning: payer-scheme share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership.", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "HF.1 government and compulsory schemes = financing schemes participation in which is government-run or legally compulsory; HF.3 household out-of-pocket payment = direct household payment at use/purchase. Functional meaning: payer-scheme share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership.", "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Date metadata: live dissemination API accessed 16 Aug 2026; data year 2023. Metadata page current at access. Luxembourg HF.1.2/1.3 carries status flag “d.” Additional URLs: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/hlth_sha11_esms.htm Evidence note: Tier 1 official supranational statistics; High for comparable financing shares, no ownership inference. Values used: BE HF.1 73.06, HF.1.1 18.35, HF.1.2/1.3 54.70, HF.2 4.86, HF.3 22.08; LU 85.58, 6.88, 78.70, 4.43, 8.77, HF.4 1.22; NL 82.54, 8.08, 74.46 (HF.1.2.1 23.82, HF.1.2.2 50.64), 5.26, 12.20. Unit: percent of CHE." }, { "source_id": "X-BALTIC-01", "iso3": null, "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Eurostat", "title_original": "hlth_sha11_hf, 2024 healthcare-financing-scheme shares", "title_english": "hlth_sha11_hf, 2024 healthcare-financing-scheme shares", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "Publication/API access: 2026; data year: 2024.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2024" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_sha11_hf?geo=EE&geo=LV&geo=LT&time=2024&unit=PC_CHE&lang=en", "passage_original": "Government schemes and compulsory contributory health care financing schemes", "passage_english": null, "local_term": "HF.1.1 / HF.1.2–1.3", "literal_meaning": "government / compulsory contributory schemes", "functional_meaning": "government / compulsory contributory schemes", "evidence_tier": "T4", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Eurostat. Publication/API access: 2026; data year: 2024. Quote: “Government schemes and compulsory contributory health care financing schemes.” Translation: already English. Term: HF.1.1 / HF.1.2–1.3, government / compulsory contributory schemes. Tier T4; confidence High for comparable EE/LT shares, no complete LV observation." }, { "source_id": "X-BALTIC-02", "iso3": null, "layer_ids": [ 11 ], "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Eurostat", "title_original": "hlth_sha11_hf, 2023 healthcare-financing-scheme shares", "title_english": "hlth_sha11_hf, 2023 healthcare-financing-scheme shares", "source_language": "English", "publication_date": "Publication/API access: 2026; data year: 2023.", "effective_date": null, "data_year": [ "2026", "2023" ], "retrieval_date": "2026-08-16", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/hlth_sha11_hf?geo=EE&geo=LV&geo=LT&time=2023&unit=PC_CHE&lang=en", "passage_original": "Out-of-pocket payment", "passage_english": null, "local_term": "HF.3", "literal_meaning": "household out-of-pocket payment", "functional_meaning": "household out-of-pocket payment", "evidence_tier": "T4", "verification_status": "verified", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Institution: Eurostat. Publication/API access: 2026; data year: 2023. Quote: “Out-of-pocket payment.” Translation: already English. Term: HF.3, household out-of-pocket payment. Tier T4; confidence High for Latvia’s latest complete four-way split." } ], "observations": [ { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-001", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 704, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-002", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "subsector": null, "metric": "average available public beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 67300, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "No current comprehensive same-year private-bed denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-003", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "subsector": null, "metric": "declared private hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 633, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2025-09-10", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Register count; not a same-year denominator for 2023–24 public hospitals or beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-004", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "subsector": null, "metric": "licensed private beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 34300, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2016–17", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Last comprehensive private-bed data; not combined with the 2023–24 public figure." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-005", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing", "subsector": null, "metric": "Commonwealth source share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 39.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Source-of-funds category; not reclassified as a legal ownership or compulsory-insurance share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-006", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing", "subsector": null, "metric": "state and territory source share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 30.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Source-of-funds category; not reclassified as a legal ownership or compulsory-insurance share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-007", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 16.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Source-of-funds category; not reclassified as a legal ownership or compulsory-insurance share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-008", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing", "subsector": null, "metric": "private insurer source share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Source-of-funds category; not reclassified as a legal ownership or compulsory-insurance share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-009", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing", "subsector": null, "metric": "other nongovernment source share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023–24", "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "AU-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Source-of-funds category; not reclassified as a legal ownership or compulsory-insurance share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUS-010", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health", "subsector": "general practice", "metric": "MBS benefit for general practitioner services", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 100, "unit": "percent of Schedule fee", "data_year": null, "geography": "Australia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "federal benefit schedule", "source_ids": [ "AU-5" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Benefit level; bulk billing makes it the accepted full payment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUT-001", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 257, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "A6" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUT-002", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "subsector": null, "metric": "beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 60126, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "A6" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUT-003", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "subsector": null, "metric": "public expenditure share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 75.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "A17" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-AUT-004", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistik Austria", "subsector": null, "metric": "private expenditure share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "A17" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-001", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "subsector": null, "metric": "general hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 103, "unit": "hospital entities", "data_year": "2025-01-01", "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "General hospitals only; not an owner-class denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-002", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital sites", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 189, "unit": "sites", "data_year": "2025-01-01", "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Operating locations, not separate owners." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-003", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "subsector": null, "metric": "accredited general-hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 52317, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2025-01-01", "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-owner numerator Unknown; psychiatric and other non-general facilities are outside this denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-004", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce registry", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "subsector": null, "metric": "registered health professionals lower bound", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 690000, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-07" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Reported as more than 690,000; registry count, not active FTE." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-005", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce registry", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "subsector": null, "metric": "registered nurses", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 216645, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-07" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Registry count, not necessarily active FTE." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-006", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce registry", "institution": "SPF Santé publique", "subsector": null, "metric": "registered physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 64521, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-07" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Registry count, not necessarily active FTE." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-007", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Conseil fédéral des pharmaciens", "subsector": null, "metric": "community pharmacies open to the public", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4543, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-12" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Open to the public does not mean publicly owned; owner split Unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-008", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research sponsorship", "institution": "BELSPO", "subsector": null, "metric": "research projects", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 214, "unit": "projects", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-17" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "All cited BELSPO research programs; not a health-only total." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-009", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research sponsorship", "institution": "BELSPO", "subsector": null, "metric": "research programs", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11, "unit": "programs", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-17" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not a health-only total." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-010", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research sponsorship", "institution": "BELSPO", "subsector": null, "metric": "research portfolio amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 136238850, "unit": "EUR", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-17" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not health-only expenditure and not used as such." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-011", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Risk Management Group", "subsector": null, "metric": "minimum grouped-purchase mpox vaccine vials", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1400, "unit": "vials", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "BE-27" ], "method": "reported minimum", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Bounded procurement/stockholding; not manufacture or IP/equity." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-012", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "government and compulsory schemes (HF.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 73.06, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-013", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes (HF.1.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 18.35, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-014", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory schemes (HF.1.2/1.3) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 54.7, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-015", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes (HF.2) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4.86, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-016", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket (HF.3) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22.08, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-BEL-017", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "rest-of-world schemes (HF.4) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.0, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Belgium", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CAN-001", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Canadian Institute for Health Information", "subsector": null, "metric": "public-sector share of total health spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 71.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2025 forecast", "geography": "Canada", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CA-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CAN-002", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Canadian Institute for Health Information", "subsector": null, "metric": "private-sector share of total health spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2025 forecast", "geography": "Canada", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CA-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CAN-003", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Canadian Institute for Health Information", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket spending per capita", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1327.3, "unit": "CAD per person", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Canada", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CA-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-001", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "CENABAST", "subsector": "participating pharmacies", "metric": "participating pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1178, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-03", "CL-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Programme participants, not all pharmacies." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-002", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "CENABAST", "subsector": "participating pharmacies", "metric": "products offered", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 613, "unit": "products", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-03", "CL-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-003", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "CENABAST", "subsector": "participating pharmacies", "metric": "packages supplied", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4.62, "unit": "million packages", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-03", "CL-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-004", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "all health spending", "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 30, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-05" ], "method": "approximate official statement", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Reported as cerca de un 30%." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-005", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "household OOP", "metric": "medicines share of OOP", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-006", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "FONASA", "subsector": "taxable pay", "metric": "statutory health deduction", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7, "unit": "percent of taxable pay", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-08" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-007", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "Copago Cero", "metric": "beneficiaries", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.7, "unit": "million beneficiaries", "data_year": "Sep 2022–Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-09" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHL-008", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "Hospital Marga Marga", "metric": "planned beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 282, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hospital Marga Marga", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CL-10" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Single project, not a national capacity share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-001", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "subsector": "all IPS sites", "metric": "public IPS site share", "numerator": 3616, "denominator": 20583, "value": 17.57, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "IPS site share; not a hospital or bed ownership share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-002", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "subsector": "all IPS sites", "metric": "public IPS sites", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3616, "unit": "sites", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not limited to hospitals." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-003", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "subsector": "all IPS sites", "metric": "private IPS sites", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 16967, "unit": "sites", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not limited to hospitals." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-004", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "subsector": "hospital sites", "metric": "hospital sites", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1835, "unit": "sites", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Ownership not cross-tabulated." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-005", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "subsector": "installed beds", "metric": "installed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 98040, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Ownership not cross-tabulated." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-006", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social", "subsector": "ambulatory sites", "metric": "ambulatory sites", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 18809, "unit": "sites", "data_year": 2022, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public/private split not reported." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-007", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DANE", "subsector": "financing-scheme income", "metric": "contributory scheme income share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 44.0, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Scheme-income share, not SHA expenditure/OOP share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-008", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DANE", "subsector": "financing-scheme income", "metric": "subsidized scheme income share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 35.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Scheme-income share, not SHA expenditure/OOP share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-009", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DANE", "subsector": "financing-scheme income", "metric": "health insurance scheme income share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Scheme-income share, not SHA expenditure/OOP share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-010", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "ADRES", "subsector": "UPC", "metric": "UPC execution", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 83.2, "unit": "COP trillion", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-011", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "UPC", "metric": "UPC increase", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12.01, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "risk-adjusted capitation", "source_ids": [ "CO-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-012", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "ADRES", "subsector": "direct transfers", "metric": "direct transfers to IPS/providers", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 47.95, "unit": "COP trillion", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-013", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "ADRES", "subsector": "subsidized regime", "metric": "resources transferred directly in December", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 74.87, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-COL-014", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "ADRES", "subsector": "contributory regime", "metric": "resources transferred directly in December", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 61.97, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CO-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-001", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training", "institution": "CCSS/CENDEISSS", "subsector": "specialist training", "metric": "budgeted training posts", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 211, "unit": "posts", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-002", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training", "institution": "CCSS/CENDEISSS", "subsector": "2025 specialist-training administration", "metric": "existing administered positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 953, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-06" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "The 953 positions already existed in the administered program; the proposal in the same board passage was to create 244 additional positions." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-003", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training", "institution": "CCSS/CENDEISSS", "subsector": "2025 training plan", "metric": "medical resident positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 935, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-06" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-004", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training", "institution": "CCSS/CENDEISSS", "subsector": "2025 training plan", "metric": "dentistry positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-06" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-005", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training", "institution": "CCSS/CENDEISSS", "subsector": "2025 training plan", "metric": "psychology positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-06" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-006", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "sickness/maternity insurance", "metric": "worker contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.5, "unit": "percent of contributory base", "data_year": 2020, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "worker", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-007", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "sickness/maternity insurance", "metric": "employer contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 9.25, "unit": "percent of contributory base", "data_year": 2020, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "employer", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-008", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "sickness/maternity insurance", "metric": "state contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.25, "unit": "percent of contributory base", "data_year": 2020, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "state", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CRI-009", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "sickness/maternity insurance", "metric": "total contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15.0, "unit": "percent of contributory base", "data_year": 2020, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-001", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "students in health-related university fields", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 27350, "unit": "students", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-002", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "reporting provider IDs", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 25248, "unit": "providers", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-003", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "health-sector workforce", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 241303.5, "unit": "FTE", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-004", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "faculty hospitals in workforce table", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Founder/provider category; not an asset-title census." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-005", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "faculty-hospital workforce", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 40366.2, "unit": "FTE", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-006", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "other hospitals in workforce table", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 108, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-007", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "other-hospital workforce", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 82956, "unit": "FTE", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-008", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "acute hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 160, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-009", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "acute-care beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 49199, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-010", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "follow-up-care hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 48, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Different scope; not combined with acute hospitals." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-011", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "follow-up-care beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3172, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Different scope; not combined with acute beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-012", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "adult-GP independent offices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4421, "unit": "offices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Organizational type, not owner or employment class." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-013", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "child/adolescent-GP independent offices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1685, "unit": "offices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Organizational type, not owner or employment class." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-014", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "dental independent offices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5260, "unit": "offices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Organizational type, not owner or employment class." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-015", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "gynecology independent offices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1265, "unit": "offices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Organizational type, not owner or employment class." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-016", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "specialist independent offices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8419, "unit": "offices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Organizational type, not owner or employment class." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-017", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "people registered with a GP", "numerator": 10.35, "denominator": 10.9, "value": 10.35, "unit": "million people", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-15" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "10.35 million of 10.9 million insured people." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-018", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2449, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-019", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "detached dispensing units", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 201, "unit": "units", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-020", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing R&D performers", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 27, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-11" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-021", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "domestically controlled pharma R&D performers", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 17, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-11" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Domestic control is not public ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-022", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "foreign-controlled pharma R&D performers", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "foreign-controlled", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-11" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-023", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "new applied health-research projects funded", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 95, "unit": "projects", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-10" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-024", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "research-funding", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "funding for new applied health-research projects", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 203.726, "unit": "CZK million", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-10" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-025", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "current health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 642.0, "unit": "CZK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-026", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government or public budgets amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 76.1, "unit": "CZK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-027", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory insurer amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 466.6, "unit": "CZK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-028", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary health insurance amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.9, "unit": "CZK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-029", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.0, "unit": "CZK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-030", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "employer preventive-care amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.7, "unit": "CZK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-031", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "household OOP 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"institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory insurer share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 72.7, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-034", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary health insurance share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.1, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-035", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.3, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-036", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "employer preventive-care share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.4, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-037", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14.6, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CZE-038", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "pooling", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "statutory health insurers", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7, "unit": "insurers", "data_year": "2026", "geography": "Czechia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "CZ-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-001", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Danmarks Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "public-scheme financing amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 262.9, "value": 219.6, "unit": "DKK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "DK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-002", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Danmarks Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "public-scheme financing share", "numerator": 219.6, "denominator": 262.9, "value": 83.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "DK-1" ], "method": "reported; compatible official amount and total also stated", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-003", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Danmarks Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13.9, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "DK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-004", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Danmarks Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary private health-insurance share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "DK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-005", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Danmarks Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "total health spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 262.9, "unit": "DKK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "DK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-006", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Amgros", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital medicine procurement", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10.2, "unit": "DKK billion", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "region-owned procurer", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "DK-5" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DNK-007", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Amgros", "subsector": null, "metric": "average discount from list prices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 49, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Denmark", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "pooled tender and negotiation", "source_ids": [ "DK-5" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-001", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical programme duration", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6, "unit": "years", "data_year": "2026/27", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-002", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical programme volume", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 360, "unit": "ECTS", "data_year": "2026/27", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-003", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical programme places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 186, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2026/27", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-004", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "registered physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7243, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-005", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "physicians working in profession", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5178, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-006", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "family-medicine specialists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1199, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-007", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-008", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "all hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 48, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-009", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospital share", "numerator": 28, "denominator": 48, "value": 58.33, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-03" ], "method": "28 divided by 48", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-010", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5593, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-01", "EE-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-011", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "all hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6373, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-012", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospital bed share", "numerator": 5593, "denominator": 6373, "value": 87.76, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-01", "EE-02" ], "method": "5,593 divided by 6,373", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-013", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "family-doctor establishments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 407, "unit": "establishments", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-014", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public family-doctor establishments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3, "unit": "establishments", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-015", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private family-doctor establishments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 404, "unit": "establishments", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-016", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "specialist facilities", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 345, "unit": "facilities", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-017", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public specialist facilities", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2, "unit": "facilities", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-018", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "general pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 468, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-019", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "total pharmacy turnover", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 819, "unit": "million euros", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-020", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine turnover", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 619, "unit": "million euros", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-021", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine manufacturing licence holders", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24, "unit": "holders", "data_year": "2024-01-01", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-14" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-022", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine manufacturing sites", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 26, "unit": "sites", "data_year": "2024-01-01", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-14" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-023", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "biobank donors", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 200000, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2024–26", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-16" ], "method": "reported as more than 200,000", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-024", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government-scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8.81, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-025", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory-contributory share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 67.81, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-026", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary-scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.27, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-027", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "out-of-pocket share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21.1, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-028", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "current health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3169.313, "unit": "million euros", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-029", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "health-insurance share of social tax", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-10" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-EST-030", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "health-services in national price list", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2000, "unit": "services", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Estonia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "EE-09" ], "method": "reported as more than 2,000", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-001", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "state bed-equivalents", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 489, "unit": "patient-day-derived bed-equivalents", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "state", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Calculated from patient-days divided by 365 or 366; not a staffed physical-bed inventory." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-002", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "municipal bed-equivalents", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13948, "unit": "patient-day-derived bed-equivalents", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "municipal", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Calculated from patient-days divided by 365 or 366; not a staffed physical-bed inventory." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-003", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "private bed-equivalents", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 449, "unit": "patient-day-derived bed-equivalents", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Calculated from patient-days divided by 365 or 366; not a staffed physical-bed inventory." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-004", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "total bed-equivalents", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14886, "unit": "patient-day-derived bed-equivalents", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "all sectors", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Calculated from patient-days divided by 365 or 366; not a staffed physical-bed inventory." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-005", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "public bed-equivalent count", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14437, "unit": "patient-day-derived bed-equivalents", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "state plus municipal", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "method": "state 489 plus municipal 13,948", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Count of patient-day-derived bed-equivalents; not staffed physical beds. The ratio is recorded separately in OBS-FIN-006." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-006", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "public bed-equivalent share", "numerator": 14437, "denominator": 14886, "value": 96.98, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "state plus municipal", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "method": "14,437 divided by 14,886", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Patient-day-derived bed-equivalent measure, not physical staffed-bed inventory." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-007", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "public financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 78.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-008", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "state financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 27.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-009", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "municipal financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 38.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-010", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "Kela financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-011", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "private financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-012", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "household financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 16.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-013", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "private insurance share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-014", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "employer financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.0, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-015", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "relief fund share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FIN-016", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2022 preliminary", "geography": "Finland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Pre-reform and excludes investment; not projected past the 2023 financing reform." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FRA-001", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public establishments", "numerator": 1330, "denominator": 2965, "value": 44.86, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "France", "legal_status": "établissement public", "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Establishment share; not a bed share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FRA-002", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "MCO beds", "metric": "public MCO beds", "numerator": 131915, "denominator": 187565, "value": 70.33, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "France", "legal_status": "MCO scope", "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "MCO beds only, not all hospital beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FRA-003", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "CSBM", "metric": "public-administration share", "numerator": 79.4, "denominator": 100, "value": 79.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "France", "legal_status": "CSBM", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FR-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Narrower than DCSi." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FRA-004", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "CSBM", "metric": "complementary-organization share", "numerator": 12.8, "denominator": 100, "value": 12.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "France", "legal_status": "CSBM", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FR-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-FRA-005", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "CSBM", "metric": "household share", "numerator": 7.8, "denominator": 100, "value": 7.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "France", "legal_status": "CSBM", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "FR-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-001", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1841, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D4" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-002", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 472851, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D4" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-003", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 528, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D4" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-004", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "public beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 221481, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D4" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-005", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "public hospital share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28.7, "unit": "calculated percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D4" ], "method": "calculation from official values", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-006", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "public bed share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 46.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D5" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-007", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 538207, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D15" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-DEU-008", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisches Bundesamt", "subsector": null, "metric": "budgets plus statutory social insurance", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 75.34, "unit": "calculated percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "D15" ], "method": "calculation from official values", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-001", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Study in Greece", "subsector": "universities", "metric": "public universities", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24, "unit": "universities", "data_year": "2026 current", "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-university operation; not an asset-title denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-002", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "University of Ioannina", "subsector": "medicine programme", "metric": "programme duration", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12, "unit": "semesters", "data_year": "2026 current", "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-003", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "University of Ioannina", "subsector": "medicine programme", "metric": "programme credits", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 360, "unit": "ECTS", "data_year": "2026 current", "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-004", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "specialty training", "metric": "displayed specialty-training positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10457, "unit": "positions", "data_year": "2026-08-16", "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-08" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Live placement-system snapshot; not residents actually employed or a public/private employer split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-005", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "registered health professions", "metric": "registered physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 69937, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Registration is not current FTE employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-006", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "registered health professions", "metric": "registered dentists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13840, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Registration is not current FTE employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-007", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "registered health professions", "metric": "registered pharmacists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11498, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Registration is not current FTE employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-008", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "registered health professions", "metric": "registered physiotherapists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11447, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Registration is not current FTE employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-009", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "internal hospital staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 83017, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "External collaborating doctors excluded." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-010", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "internal doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 25777, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "External collaborating doctors excluded." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-011", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "internal nurses", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 42748, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "External collaborating doctors excluded." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-012", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "internal paramedical staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8069, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "External collaborating doctors excluded." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-013", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "internal auxiliary staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6423, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "External collaborating doctors excluded." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-014", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospital internal staff", "metric": "NPDD internal staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 65318, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPDD", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Legal-form category; not converted to beneficial ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-015", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospital internal staff", "metric": "NPID internal staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2101, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPID", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Legal-form category; not converted to beneficial ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-016", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospital internal staff", "metric": "private clinic internal staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15598, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "private clinic", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Legal-form category; not converted to beneficial ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-017", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "treatment institutions", "metric": "NPDD institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 125, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPDD", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-018", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "treatment institutions", "metric": "NPID institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPID", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-019", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "treatment institutions", "metric": "private clinic institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 137, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "private clinic", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-020", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "treatment institutions", "metric": "total institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 266, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-021", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "deployed beds", "metric": "NPDD deployed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 32754, "unit": "deployed beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPDD", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-022", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "deployed beds", "metric": "NPID deployed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 968, "unit": "deployed beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPID", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-023", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "deployed beds", "metric": "private clinic deployed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14612, "unit": "deployed beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "private clinic", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-024", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "deployed beds", "metric": "total deployed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 48334, "unit": "deployed beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-025", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "treatment institutions", "metric": "NPDD institution share", "numerator": 125, "denominator": 266, "value": 46.99, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPDD", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "125 divided by 266; percentage calculated from official counts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-law-form ratio, not complete beneficial ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-026", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "deployed beds", "metric": "NPDD bed share", "numerator": 32754, "denominator": 48334, "value": 67.76, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": "NPDD", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "method": "32,754 divided by 48,334; percentage calculated from official counts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-law-form ratio, not complete beneficial ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-027", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "health centres", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 312, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-028", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "regional clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1432, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-029", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "multipurpose regional clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 98, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-030", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "special regional clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 50, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-031", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "local clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 227, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-032", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "operating local clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 66, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Operating subset of 227 local clinics." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-033", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "other units", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-034", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "local health units (TOMY)", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 137, "unit": "units", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-035", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "personnel", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15422, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-036", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5486, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-037", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "nurses", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5243, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-038", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "public primary-care network", "metric": "health-centre machines", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3880, "unit": "machines", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-039", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10456, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Ownership unstated." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-040", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "wholesale drugstores", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 113, "unit": "wholesale drugstores", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Ownership unstated." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-041", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "industrial-product sales", "metric": "pharmaceutical products share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4.1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-18" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Output share, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-042", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "industrial-product sales", "metric": "medicines share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-18" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Output share, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-043", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "government schemes excluding social security", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5932.3, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-044", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "social-security schemes", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6112.6, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-045", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary insurance", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 974.9, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-046", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household payments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6803.8, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-047", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "other financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 45.8, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-048", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "total current health financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 19869.4, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-049", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "government excluding social-security share", "numerator": 5932.3, "denominator": 19869.4, "value": 29.86, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "5932.3 divided by 19,869.4; percentage calculated from official EUR-million amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-050", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "compulsory social-insurance share", "numerator": 6112.6, "denominator": 19869.4, "value": 30.76, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "6112.6 divided by 19,869.4; percentage calculated from official EUR-million amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-051", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary-insurance share", "numerator": 974.9, "denominator": 19869.4, "value": 4.91, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "974.9 divided by 19,869.4; percentage calculated from official EUR-million amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-052", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": 6803.8, "denominator": 19869.4, "value": 34.24, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "6803.8 divided by 19,869.4; percentage calculated from official EUR-million amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-053", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "other-financing share", "numerator": 45.8, "denominator": 19869.4, "value": 0.23, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ], "method": "45.8 divided by 19,869.4; percentage calculated from official EUR-million amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-054", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health / EKAPY", "subsector": "public capital programme", "metric": "public hospitals in infrastructure projects", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 80, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-11", "GRC-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/procurement/funding evidence, not asset ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-055", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health / EKAPY", "subsector": "public capital programme", "metric": "health regions covered", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7, "unit": "regions", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-11", "GRC-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/procurement/funding evidence, not asset ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-056", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health / EKAPY", "subsector": "public capital programme", "metric": "emergency departments covered", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 63, "unit": "departments", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-11", "GRC-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/procurement/funding evidence, not asset ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GRC-057", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health / EKAPY", "subsector": "public capital programme", "metric": "equipment framework value excluding VAT", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 62.8, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Greece", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "GRC-11", "GRC-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/procurement/funding evidence, not asset ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-001", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Semmelweis University", "subsector": "general medicine", "metric": "programme duration", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12, "unit": "semesters", "data_year": "2024/25", "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-002", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Semmelweis University", "subsector": "general medicine", "metric": "programme credits", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 360, "unit": "credits", "data_year": "2024/25", "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-003", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Semmelweis University", "subsector": "self-financed general medicine", "metric": "tuition per semester", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.95, "unit": "HUF million per semester", "data_year": "2024/25", "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "State-scholarship and self-financed places coexist; this is not an ownership measure." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-004", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "physicians and dentists", "metric": "working physicians and dentists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 43123, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-03", "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Persons/register membership are not interchangeable with positions." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-005", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "physicians and dentists", "metric": "working male physicians and dentists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 18182, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-03", "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Persons/register membership are not interchangeable with positions." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-006", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "physicians and dentists", "metric": "working female physicians and dentists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24941, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-03", "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Persons/register membership are not interchangeable with positions." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-007", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "physicians and dentists", "metric": "basic-register physicians and dentists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 75226, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-03", "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Persons/register membership are not interchangeable with positions." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-008", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "health workforce positions", "metric": "required physician/dentist positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 43885.1, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Since 2005 the position series includes private providers; no legal-employer ownership split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-009", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "health workforce positions", "metric": "filled physician/dentist positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 41962.1, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Since 2005 the position series includes private providers; no legal-employer ownership split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-010", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "health workforce positions", "metric": "required total health positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 186543, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Since 2005 the position series includes private providers; no legal-employer ownership split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-011", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "health workforce positions", "metric": "filled total health positions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 177737.9, "unit": "positions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Since 2005 the position series includes private providers; no legal-employer ownership split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-012", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "municipal-maintained hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 17, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "municipal maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-013", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "central-maintained hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 82, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "central maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-014", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "university-maintained hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "university maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-015", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "business-maintained hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "business maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-016", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "church-maintained hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 9, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "church maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-017", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "other-maintained hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "other maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-018", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "total hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 155, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-019", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating hospital beds", "metric": "municipal-maintained operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 73, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "municipal maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-020", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating hospital beds", "metric": "central-maintained operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 46112, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "central maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-021", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating hospital beds", "metric": "university-maintained operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11149, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "university maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-022", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating hospital beds", "metric": "business-maintained operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1460, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "business maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-023", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating hospital beds", "metric": "church-maintained operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1843, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "church maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-024", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating hospital beds", "metric": "other-maintained operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 666, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": "other maintainer", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Maintainer category, not legal title." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-025", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "hospital beds", "metric": "total operating beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 61303, "unit": "operating beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-026", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "hospital beds", "metric": "authorized beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 68484, "unit": "authorized beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not interchangeable with the 61,303 operating-bed denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-027", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public-maintainer hospital share", "numerator": 103, "denominator": 155, "value": 66.45, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-02" ], "method": "municipal + central + university = 103; 103 divided by 155", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Exact public-maintainer measure only; university asset title remains unresolved." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-028", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "operating beds", "metric": "public-maintainer operating-bed share", "numerator": 57334, "denominator": 61303, "value": 93.52, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "method": "municipal + central + university = 57,334; 57,334 divided by 61,303", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Exact public-maintainer measure only; not legal ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-029", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "primary care", "metric": "general practitioners", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4216, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "No nationwide public/private employer split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-030", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "primary care", "metric": "paediatric general practitioners", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1253, "unit": "persons", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "No nationwide public/private employer split." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-031", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "community pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2246, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Official footnote supports private operation after privatization, not ultimate equity distribution." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-032", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "branch pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 635, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Official footnote supports private operation after privatization, not ultimate equity distribution." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-033", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "hand pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 167, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Official footnote supports private operation after privatization, not ultimate equity distribution." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-034", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "institute pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 80, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Official footnote supports private operation after privatization, not ultimate equity distribution." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-035", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "pharmacies serving retail traffic", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2326, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Official footnote supports private operation after privatization, not ultimate equity distribution." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-036", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "metric": "production-volume index", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 96.2, "unit": "index; previous year=100", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Industry output measure; ownership distribution is unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-037", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "metric": "domestic-sales index", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 111.4, "unit": "index; previous year=100", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Industry output measure; ownership distribution is unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-038", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "metric": "export index", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 93.5, "unit": "index; previous year=100", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-12" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Industry output measure; ownership distribution is unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-039", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "total current health spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4812.7, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-040", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "government schemes including social insurance", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3547.4, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-041", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "social insurance", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2990.8, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-042", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary schemes", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 155.5, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-043", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household payments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1109.8, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-044", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "government excluding social-insurance share", "numerator": 556.6, "denominator": 4812.7, "value": 11.56, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "556.6 divided by 4,812.7; percentage calculated from official HUF-billion amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-045", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "compulsory social-insurance share", "numerator": 2990.8, "denominator": 4812.7, "value": 62.14, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "2990.8 divided by 4,812.7; percentage calculated from official HUF-billion amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-046", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary-schemes share", "numerator": 155.5, "denominator": 4812.7, "value": 3.23, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "155.5 divided by 4,812.7; percentage calculated from official HUF-billion amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Voluntary includes health funds, nonprofits and enterprises; not private insurance alone." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-047", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": 1109.8, "denominator": 4812.7, "value": 23.06, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "method": "1109.8 divided by 4,812.7; percentage calculated from official HUF-billion amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-048", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "subsidized prescriptions", "metric": "subsidized prescription turnover", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 732.276, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "manufacturer proposal plus NEAK reimbursement admission", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-049", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "subsidized prescriptions", "metric": "patient co-pay amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 163.87, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "manufacturer proposal plus NEAK reimbursement admission", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-050", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "subsidized prescriptions", "metric": "patient co-pay share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "manufacturer proposal plus NEAK reimbursement admission", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-051", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "subsidized prescriptions", "metric": "subsidy amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 568.405, "unit": "HUF billion", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "manufacturer proposal plus NEAK reimbursement admission", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-052", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "subsidized prescriptions", "metric": "social-insurance support share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 76, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "manufacturer proposal plus NEAK reimbursement admission", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-HUN-053", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "subsidized prescriptions", "metric": "budget support share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Hungary", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "manufacturer proposal plus NEAK reimbursement admission", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07", "HUN-13" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-001", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Heilsugæsla höfuðborgarsvæðisins", "subsector": null, "metric": "publicly operated health centres", "numerator": null, "denominator": 19, "value": 15, "unit": "centres", "data_year": "2026", "geography": "Capital area", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public operator", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Local, not national." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-002", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Heilsugæsla höfuðborgarsvæðisins", "subsector": null, "metric": "privately operated health centres", "numerator": null, "denominator": 19, "value": 4, "unit": "centres", "data_year": "2026", "geography": "Capital area", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private providers", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Local, not national; same financing and fee model." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-003", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "government financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": 420194.35, "value": 351630.26, "unit": "ISK million", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-004", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "government financing share", "numerator": 351630.26, "denominator": 420194.35, "value": 83.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "351630.26 divided by 420194.35", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-005", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": 420194.35, "value": 61710.34, "unit": "ISK million", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-006", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket financing share", "numerator": 61710.34, "denominator": 420194.35, "value": 14.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "61710.34 divided by 420194.35", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-007", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": 420194.35, "value": 6853.76, "unit": "ISK million", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-008", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH financing share", "numerator": 6853.76, "denominator": 420194.35, "value": 1.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "6853.76 divided by 420194.35", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISL-009", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Hagstofa Íslands", "subsector": null, "metric": "total current health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 420194.35, "unit": "ISK million", "data_year": "2024 preliminary", "geography": "Iceland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-001", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 85, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-002", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "publicly administered hospital share", "numerator": 67, "denominator": 85, "value": 78.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ], "method": "approximately 67 of 85 derived from rounded 78.8%", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Administration classification, not legal ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-003", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "inpatient beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15372, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-004", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "beds in a public hospital setting share", "numerator": 13497, "denominator": 15372, "value": 87.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ], "method": "approximately 13,497 of 15,372 derived from rounded 87.8%", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Setting classification, not legal ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-005", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 33531, "value": 25483, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-006", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes share", "numerator": 25483, "denominator": 33531, "value": 76.0, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "25483 divided by 33,531; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-007", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory insurance amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 33531, "value": 200, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-008", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory insurance share", "numerator": 200, "denominator": 33531, "value": 0.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "200 divided by 33,531; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-009", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 33531, "value": 4060, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-010", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes share", "numerator": 4060, "denominator": 33531, "value": 12.1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "4060 divided by 33,531; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-011", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 33531, "value": 3789, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-012", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket share", "numerator": 3789, "denominator": 33531, "value": 11.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "3789 divided by 33,531; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-013", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": null, "metric": "total health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 33531, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-IRL-014", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "additional acute beds planned", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4367, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2031 target", "geography": "Ireland", "legal_status": "plan, not completed capacity", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IE-5" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-001", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "general inpatient beds", "metric": "MOH-operated share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 50, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": "2023–2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry-operated", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ], "method": "approximate official statement", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "About half; general inpatient beds only, not all beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-002", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "all licensed beds", "metric": "licensed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 47821, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023–2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-003", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "general", "metric": "general licensed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 16869, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023–2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-004", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "psychiatric", "metric": "psychiatric licensed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3570, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023–2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-005", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "geriatric/rehabilitation", "metric": "geriatric/rehabilitation licensed beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 27382, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023–2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-006", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "health tax financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 23.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published share", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-007", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "state budget financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 40.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published share", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-008", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "public financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 63.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "calculated from official shares", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-009", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "direct household payment share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published share", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-010", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "other private financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published share", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-011", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "total private financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 34.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published share", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-012", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "provision", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "provider financing/use", "metric": "health funds provider-use share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 33.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Provision/use category, not ownership share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-013", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "provision", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "provider financing/use", "metric": "market producers provider-use share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 56.1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Provision/use category, not ownership share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-014", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "provision", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "provider financing/use", "metric": "government institutions provider-use share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.0, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Provision/use category, not ownership share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-015", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "provision", "institution": "Central Bureau of Statistics", "subsector": "provider financing/use", "metric": "other nonprofits provider-use share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Provision/use category, not ownership share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-016", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "government/public general care", "metric": "tariff increase", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.19, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "administered tariff", "source_ids": [ "IL-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "General inpatient-day, ambulatory, and emergency tariffs; effective 1 Jun 2024." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-017", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "geriatric/psychiatric care", "metric": "tariff increase", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.21, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "administered tariff", "source_ids": [ "IL-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Effective 1 Jun 2024." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-018", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "medicine copayment", "metric": "copayment percentage", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10, "unit": "percent of maximum consumer price", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "regulated copayment formula", "source_ids": [ "IL-09" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Subject to minimum NIS 20.64 where generic alternatives exist; effective date not stated." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ISR-019", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "medicine copayment", "metric": "minimum copayment", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20.64, "unit": "NIS", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": "regulated copayment formula", "source_ids": [ "IL-09" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Current portal rule; effective date not stated." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ITA-001", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministero della Salute", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public/equivalent hospitals", "numerator": 511, "denominator": 996, "value": 51.31, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Italy", "legal_status": "pubblici ed equiparati", "ownership": "public/equivalent", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IT-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Service/statistical category, not pure patrimonial ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ITA-002", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministero della Salute", "subsector": "ordinary beds", "metric": "public/equivalent ordinary beds", "numerator": 153388, "denominator": 194408, "value": 78.9, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Italy", "legal_status": "pubblici ed equiparati", "ownership": "public/equivalent", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IT-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Approximate residual from 21.1% accredited-private share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ITA-003", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Istat", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "government and compulsory share", "numerator": 73.6, "denominator": 100, "value": 73.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Italy", "legal_status": "SHA", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IT-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ITA-004", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Istat", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary share", "numerator": 3.4, "denominator": 100, "value": 3.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Italy", "legal_status": "SHA", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IT-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ITA-005", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Istat", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household out-of-pocket share", "numerator": 23, "denominator": 100, "value": 23, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Italy", "legal_status": "SHA", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "IT-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-001", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "total hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8060, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-002", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "total beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1469845, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-003", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 317, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "national", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-004", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 121985, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "national", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-005", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "official-public hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1182, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "official-public medical institutions", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-006", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "official-public beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 302045, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "official-public medical institutions", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-007", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "social-insurance hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 47, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "social-insurance organizations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-008", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "social-insurance beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14968, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "social-insurance organizations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-009", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "medical-corporation hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5626, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "medical corporations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-010", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "medical-corporation beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 827323, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "medical corporations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-011", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "individual hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 92, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "individuals", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-012", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "individual beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8360, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "individuals", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-013", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "other hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 796, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "other", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-014", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "other beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 195164, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "other", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-015", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national hospital share", "numerator": 317, "denominator": 8060, "value": 3.93, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "National category only." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-016", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national bed share", "numerator": 121985, "denominator": 1469845, "value": 8.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "National category only." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-017", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national plus official-public hospital share", "numerator": 1499, "denominator": 8060, "value": 18.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "National and official-public categories combined arithmetically; categories remain separately identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-018", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national plus official-public bed share", "numerator": 424030, "denominator": 1469845, "value": 28.85, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "National and official-public categories combined arithmetically; categories remain separately identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-019", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national plus official-public plus social-insurance hospital share", "numerator": 1546, "denominator": 8060, "value": 19.18, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Includes separate social-insurance category." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-020", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "national plus official-public plus social-insurance bed share", "numerator": 438998, "denominator": 1469845, "value": 29.87, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Includes separate social-insurance category." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-021", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "total general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 105207, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-022", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "national general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 551, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "national", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-023", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "official-public general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3501, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "official-public medical institutions", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-024", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "social-insurance general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 409, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "social-insurance organizations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-025", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "medical-corporation general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 47711, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "medical corporations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-026", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "individual general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 38719, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "individuals", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-027", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "other general clinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14316, "unit": "clinics", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "other", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-028", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "national clinic share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "national", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Facility operator share, not clinician employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-029", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "official-public clinic share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "official-public medical institutions", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Facility operator share, not clinician employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-030", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "social-insurance clinic share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.4, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "social-insurance organizations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Facility operator share, not clinician employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-031", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "medical-corporation clinic share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 45.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "medical corporations", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Facility operator share, not clinician employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-032", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "individual clinic share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 36.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "individuals", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Facility operator share, not clinician employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-033", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "metric": "other clinic share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "other", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Facility operator share, not clinician employment." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-034", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "national medical expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 48.0915, "unit": "JPY trillion", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-035", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "public funds share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 37.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-036", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "national public funds share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-037", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "local public funds share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-038", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "premium contribution share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 50.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-039", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "employer premium share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22.0, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-040", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "insured premium share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-041", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "other financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-042", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "metric": "patient burden share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "FY2023", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Patient burden is not mechanically equivalent to the full SHA OOP concept." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-JPN-043", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministry of 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"confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-KOR-002", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "National Health Insurance Service", "subsector": "employee-insured", "metric": "contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7.09, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "KR-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-KOR-003", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "transparency", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "subsector": "hospital-level institutions", "metric": "non-covered reporting frequency", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2, "unit": "reports per year", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "KR-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-KOR-004", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "transparency", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "subsector": "clinic-level institutions", "metric": "non-covered reporting frequency", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1, "unit": "report per year", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "KR-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-KOR-005", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "subsector": "hospital beds", "metric": "projected excess beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 105000, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2027, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "KR-06" ], "method": "official projection", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-001", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical programme duration", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6, "unit": "years", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-002", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical programme volume", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 360, "unit": "ECTS", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-003", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state-budget medicine places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 200, "unit": "places", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-004", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "paid medicine places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20, "unit": "places", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-005", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "co-financed medicine places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 30, "unit": "places", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-006", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state-budget residency places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 289, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2024/25", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-06", "LV-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-007", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state-budget residency places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 279, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2025/26", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-06", "LV-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-008", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state-budget residency places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 275, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2026/27", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-06", "LV-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-009", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "residency places directed outside Riga", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 41, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2026/27", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-07" ], "method": "reported as at least 41%", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-010", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "practising physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6392, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-011", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "family/general-practice physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1431, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-012", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "practising nurses", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7647, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-013", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "inpatient treatment institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 55, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-014", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "all average beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 9297, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-015", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "Ministry-system affiliated beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5096, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-016", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "municipal-affiliated beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3495, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-017", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private-labelled beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 537, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-018", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "unassigned residual beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 169, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-019", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "identified public-affiliation lower bound", "numerator": 8591, "denominator": 9297, "value": 92.41, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-01" ], "method": "(5,096 + 3,495) divided by 9,297", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Lower bound by affiliation; not a legal-ownership share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-020", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "ambulatory institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4054, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-021", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "family/internist/pediatric practices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1200, "unit": "practices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-022", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "specialist practices", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1004, "unit": "practices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-023", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "general pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 773, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-15" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-024", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "sole local outlet pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 166, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-15" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-025", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "capital", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public programme equipment funding", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 19.84, "unit": "million euros", "data_year": "current", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-18" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-026", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "BMC staff", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 165, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2024-12", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-027", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "BMC scientific personnel", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 142, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2024-12", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-028", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "BMC base state funding share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-029", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "BMC competitive funding share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 71, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LV-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-030", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government-scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 59.6, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-031", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory-contributory share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-032", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary-scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.34, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LVA-033", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "out-of-pocket share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 35.06, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Latvia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-001", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state-financed medicine places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 365, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2025/26", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-002", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state-financed residency places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 385, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-003", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine residency places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 365, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-004", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "dentistry residency places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-005", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "active physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13951, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-006", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "practising physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13256, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-007", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "active nurses and midwives", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22314, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-008", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state and municipal hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 75, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-009", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "known responding private hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Private-institution reporting was incomplete." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-010", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public share among known reporting hospitals", "numerator": 75, "denominator": 89, "value": 84.27, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "75 divided by 89", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not a national ownership share; private response was incomplete." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-011", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private institution activity respondents", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2394, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-012", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "all private institutions in response frame", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3439, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-013", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private response rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 80.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-014", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital beds current HI file", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21672, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-015", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "SAM-system beds excluding private", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20374, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-016", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private-labelled beds current HI file", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 786, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-017", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "residual beds current HI file", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 512, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-018", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital beds legacy HI file", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21642, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Conflicts with LT-02 by 30 beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-019", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private-labelled beds legacy HI file", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 756, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Conflicts with LT-02 by 30 beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-020", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state/municipal ambulatory institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 124, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-021", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "private primary-care respondents", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 191, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-022", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "purchasing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "VLK-contracted primary-care institutions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 383, "unit": "institutions", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Contracting is not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-023", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "active pharmacists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2850, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-024", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "practising pharmacists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2700, "unit": "persons", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-025", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "economically active contributions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 69, "unit": "percent of planned PSDF revenue", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-026", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "state contributions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 26, "unit": "percent of planned PSDF revenue", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-027", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "delegated state functions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4, "unit": "percent of planned PSDF revenue", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-028", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "other PSDF revenue", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1, "unit": "percent of planned PSDF revenue", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-029", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government-scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7.02, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-030", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory-contributory share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 61.64, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-031", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary-scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.64, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-032", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "out-of-pocket share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 29.67, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-033", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "other financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.03, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BALTIC-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-034", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public biomedical collaboration funding", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.99, "unit": "million euros", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-20" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-035", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "funded biomedical/laser projects", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10, "unit": "projects", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-20" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LTU-036", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "health-centre infrastructure investment", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 30, "unit": "million euros", "data_year": "2024–29", "geography": "Lithuania", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LT-21" ], "method": "reported as more than €30 million", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-001", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry / Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital establishments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Four centres over 11 sites plus six specialized hospitals; not an owner census." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-002", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "installed hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2686, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Installed capacity; public-owner numerator Unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-003", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "installed acute beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2058, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Subset of installed beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-004", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "day-place beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 631, "unit": "day places", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Separate capacity category." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-005", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity planning", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "actually authorized conventional beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2813, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-02" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Distinct from installed beds and statutory maximum." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-006", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity planning", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "statutory maximum conventional beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3545, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-02" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning ceiling, not installed capacity or ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-007", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "equipment capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "CT scanners", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13, "unit": "devices", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Owner not identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-008", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "equipment capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "MRI systems", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13, "unit": "devices", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Owner not identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-009", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "equipment capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "gamma cameras", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8, "unit": "devices", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Owner not identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-010", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "equipment capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "mammography units", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8, "unit": "devices", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Owner not identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-011", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "equipment capacity", "institution": "Observatory", "subsector": null, "metric": "PET scanners", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2, "unit": "devices", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Owner not identified." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-012", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "active doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3710, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Administrative activity population." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-013", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "practising doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3572, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Denominator for work-status counts." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-014", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "liberal practising doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": 3572, "value": 2726, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "liberal", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Work status, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-015", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "salaried practising doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": 3572, "value": 808, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "salaried", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Work status, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-016", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "mixed-status practising doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": 3572, "value": 38, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "mixed", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Work status, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-017", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "general practitioners", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 771, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-018", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1505, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Most were reported practising liberally; not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-019", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital employment", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 10413, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2025-03", "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Different population from physician-status counts." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-020", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "community pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 104, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-06" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Concession operation does not establish ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-021", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospital pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-06" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Owner class not inferred from hospital location." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-022", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "ecosystem composition", "institution": "Luxinnovation", "subsector": null, "metric": "medical-device organizations in mapped private ecosystem", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 32, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-08" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Excludes public sector/institutes/hospitals; not national output or ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-023", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "ecosystem composition", "institution": "Luxinnovation", "subsector": null, "metric": "biopharma organizations in mapped private ecosystem", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-08" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Excludes public sector; not a manufacturing-capacity census." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-024", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "contribution incidence", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": null, "metric": "state participation in health-maternity contributions", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 40, "unit": "percent of contributions", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-10" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Revenue contribution share, not CHE; employee and employer shares are equal." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-025", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "reimbursement", "institution": "CNS", "subsector": null, "metric": "general adult physician reimbursement rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 88, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-14" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "General rate subject to service-specific rules." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-026", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "reimbursement", "institution": "CNS", "subsector": null, "metric": "general child physician reimbursement rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 100, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-14" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "General rate subject to service-specific rules." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-027", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "reimbursement", "institution": "CNS", "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine reimbursement class", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 40, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-16" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "One of three general classes; eligibility rules apply." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-028", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "reimbursement", "institution": "CNS", "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine reimbursement class", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 80, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-16" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "One of three general classes; eligibility rules apply." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-029", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "reimbursement", "institution": "CNS", "subsector": null, "metric": "medicine reimbursement class", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 100, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "LU-16" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "One of three general classes; eligibility rules apply." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-030", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "government and compulsory schemes (HF.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 85.58, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-031", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes (HF.1.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.88, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-032", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory schemes (HF.1.2/1.3) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 78.7, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership. Published value carries Eurostat status flag d." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-033", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes (HF.2) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4.43, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-034", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket (HF.3) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8.77, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-LUX-035", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "rest-of-world schemes (HF.4) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.22, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Luxembourg", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-001", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "23 participating federal entities", "metric": "professionals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 340105, "unit": "professionals", "data_year": null, "geography": "23 federal entities", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "public programme subset", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not a national public-employment denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-002", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "23 participating federal entities", "metric": "nurses", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 212000, "unit": "professionals", "data_year": null, "geography": "23 federal entities", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "public programme subset", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-003", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "23 participating federal entities", "metric": "specialists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 83525, "unit": "professionals", "data_year": null, "geography": "23 federal entities", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "public programme subset", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-004", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "23 participating federal entities", "metric": "general physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 44365, "unit": "professionals", "data_year": null, "geography": "23 federal entities", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "public programme subset", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-005", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "23 participating federal entities", "metric": "equipment investment", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14.342, "unit": "MXN billion", "data_year": null, "geography": "23 federal entities", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public procurement", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Does not establish public manufacture." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-006", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Secretaría de Asuntos Parlamentarios", "subsector": "public sector", "metric": "public hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1395, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-03" ], "method": "figure repeated in an official state-legislature debate; underlying federal table not identified", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Publication date is 2023, but the source does not identify the count's underlying reference year or hospital definition." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-007", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Secretaría de Asuntos Parlamentarios", "subsector": "public sector", "metric": "public hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 89562, "unit": "camas hospitalarias", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-03" ], "method": "figure repeated in an official state-legislature debate; underlying federal table not identified", "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Reference year and bed definition are unspecified; not like-for-like with the private census-bed survey frame." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-008", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "INEGI", "subsector": "private establishments", "metric": "private establishments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2827, "unit": "establishments", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-009", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "INEGI", "subsector": "private establishments", "metric": "private census beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 35899, "unit": "camas censables", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Private-establishment survey definition." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-010", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "INEGI", "subsector": "private establishments", "metric": "private establishments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2747, "unit": "establishments", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-011", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "INEGI", "subsector": "private establishments", "metric": "private census beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 35400, "unit": "camas censables", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-013", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "total health spending", "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 50, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ], "method": "approximate official statement", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Underlying data year not stated in the quoted passage." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-014", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "coverage", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "population without social security", "metric": "target population", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 53.5, "unit": "million people", "data_year": "2025–2030", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-015", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "uninsured population", "metric": "per-capita public spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6351, "unit": "MXN per person", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-016", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "insured population", "metric": "per-capita public spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8886, "unit": "MXN per person", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-017", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "insured versus uninsured per-capita spending", "metric": "reported gap", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28.53, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-MEX-018", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "participating states", "metric": "increase in census beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15, "unit": "percent", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Programme/state subset, not whole-system capacity." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-001", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "non-mental-health hospital enterprises", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 80, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024 provisional", "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-02" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Seven UMCs, 57 general and 16 categorical; enterprise is not site or owner." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-002", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "university medical centre enterprises", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024 provisional", "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-02" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "UMC category does not imply a common legal form." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-003", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "general hospital enterprises", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 57, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024 provisional", "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-02" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-004", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "categorical hospital enterprises", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 16, "unit": "enterprises", "data_year": "2024 provisional", "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-02" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-005", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "available clinical specialist-care beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 25880, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-03" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Staffed on one reference date, scoped exclusions, rounded to tens; owner numerator Unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-006", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "available UMC clinical specialist-care beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4230, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-03" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "UMC category is not synonymous with public ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-007", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "available other-provider clinical specialist-care beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21650, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-03" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-008", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "physicians in activity population", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 79795, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-08" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not combinable with registration/specialty populations." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-009", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce registration", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "medical specialists", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24745, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-08" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Separate population." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-010", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce registration", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "basic doctors", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 23980, "unit": "people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-08" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Separate population." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-011", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "general practitioners", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14.0, "unit": "thousand people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-09" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Employment does not establish practice ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-012", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "employee-only general practitioners", "numerator": null, "denominator": 14.0, "value": 1.4, "unit": "thousand people", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "employee-only", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-09" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Other categories include self-employed, DGA and mixed." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-013", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "research funding", "institution": "ZonMw", "subsector": null, "metric": "fundamental-research teams funded", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 29, "unit": "teams", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-12" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public award, not downstream ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-014", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "clinical research", "institution": "UMC Utrecht", "subsector": null, "metric": "clinical medicine trials supported annually", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 300, "unit": "trials per year", "data_year": null, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-13" ], "method": "reported approximate", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Approximately 300; bounded UMC activity." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-015", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "domestic-origin exports", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "Dutch-origin medicine exports", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.1, "unit": "billion EUR", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-14" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Domestic origin, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-016", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "domestic-origin exports", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "Dutch-origin other pharmaceutical-product exports", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.16, "unit": "billion EUR", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-14" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Domestic origin, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-017", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "domestic-origin exports", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": null, "metric": "Dutch-origin medical-instrument exports", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.58, "unit": "billion EUR", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-14" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Domestic origin, not public ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-018", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "equity", "institution": "UMC Utrecht", "subsector": null, "metric": "UMC Utrecht announced share of Apotheek A15", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 25, "unit": "percent equity", "data_year": 2021, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "UMC Utrecht minority equity", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-15" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Documented in 2021; no newer cap table; peer shareholders not assumed public." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-019", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "government and compulsory schemes (HF.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 82.54, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-020", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes (HF.1.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8.08, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-021", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory schemes (HF.1.2/1.3) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 74.46, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-022", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "social health insurance (HF.1.2.1) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 23.82, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-023", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory private insurance (HF.1.2.2) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 50.64, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-024", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes (HF.2) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.26, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-025", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket (HF.3) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12.2, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-026", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Eurostat", "subsector": null, "metric": "rest-of-world schemes (HF.4) share of CHE", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.0, "unit": "percent of CHE", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "X-BENELUX-01" ], "method": "official reported value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment share of current health expenditure, not provider ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-027", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Stichting Farmaceutische Kengetallen (SFK)", "subsector": "community pharmacies", "metric": "community pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1953, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "all", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ], "method": "officially reported sector count at end-2023", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Openbare apotheek means community/public-facing pharmacy, not publicly owned pharmacy." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-028", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Stichting Farmaceutische Kengetallen (SFK)", "subsector": "community pharmacies", "metric": "chain-owned community pharmacies", "numerator": 585, "denominator": 1953, "value": 30.0, "unit": "percent of community pharmacies", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "chain owned", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ], "method": "reported count divided by reported sector total", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "SFK rounds the reported share to 30%." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-029", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "affiliation", "institution": "Stichting Farmaceutische Kengetallen (SFK)", "subsector": "community pharmacies", "metric": "franchise- or formula-affiliated community pharmacies", "numerator": 1045, "denominator": 1953, "value": 53.51, "unit": "percent of community pharmacies", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "not established by affiliation", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ], "method": "reported count divided by reported sector total", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "SFK reports this as 53 percentage points; franchise/formula affiliation is not legal ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NLD-030", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Stichting Farmaceutische Kengetallen (SFK)", "subsector": "community pharmacies", "metric": "independent community pharmacies", "numerator": 323, "denominator": 1953, "value": 16.54, "unit": "percent of community pharmacies", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "Netherlands", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "independent", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ], "method": "reported count divided by reported sector total", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "SFK rounds the reported share to 17%." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NZL-001", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "New Zealand Ministry of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "public-hospital providers in certification evaluation", "numerator": null, "denominator": 96, "value": 19, "unit": "providers", "data_year": "2024-03", "geography": "New Zealand", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NZ-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Providers, not facilities or beds; no ownership fraction derived." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NZL-002", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "New Zealand Ministry of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "NGO/private-hospital providers in certification evaluation", "numerator": null, "denominator": 96, "value": 77, "unit": "providers", "data_year": "2024-03", "geography": "New Zealand", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "NGO/private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NZ-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Providers, not facilities or beds; no legal public bed fraction derived." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NZL-003", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "appropriation", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": null, "metric": "Vote Health appropriation", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 30.6, "unit": "NZD billion", "data_year": "2024/25", "geography": "New Zealand", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NZ-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not total health spending and omits other channels." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NZL-004", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "PHARMAC", "subsector": null, "metric": "device categories led by PHARMAC", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 27, "unit": "categories", "data_year": "2026", "geography": "New Zealand", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NZ-5" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NZL-005", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Health New Zealand", "subsector": null, "metric": "device categories led by Health New Zealand", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28, "unit": "categories", "data_year": "2026", "geography": "New Zealand", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NZ-5" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NOR-003", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Helsedirektoratet", "subsector": null, "metric": "self-employed list GP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 78, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "through 2026-05", "geography": "Norway", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": "self-employed contractor", "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NO-4" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NOR-004", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "subsector": null, "metric": "specialist-service beds and overnight places", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 17581, "unit": "beds/night places", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Norway", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NO-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "All-sector capacity; captured table does not isolate a public-owned numerator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NOR-005", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "subsector": null, "metric": "current health and related care expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 474, "unit": "NOK billion", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Norway", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NO-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NOR-006", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "subsector": null, "metric": "health expenditure per resident", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 85845, "unit": "NOK per resident", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Norway", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NO-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Explicit in the official source title reproduced in the report." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NOR-007", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "subsector": null, "metric": "public administration financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 86, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Norway", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NO-1" ], "method": "reported as nearly/just under 86%", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Across providers regardless of ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-NOR-008", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "subsector": null, "metric": "household financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Norway", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "NO-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Reported as about 14%." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-001", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "general hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 888, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-002", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "general-hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 159878, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-003", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "ministry or central-organ-created hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 57, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": "public creating entity", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Non-exhaustive subset, not legal-owner share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-004", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "beds in ministry or central-organ-created hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12119, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": "public creating entity", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Non-exhaustive subset, not legal-owner share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-005", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public-university-created hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 46, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": "public creating entity", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Non-exhaustive subset, not legal-owner share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-006", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "beds in public-university-created hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20552, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": "public creating entity", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Non-exhaustive subset, not legal-owner share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-007", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "combined public creating-entity subset hospitals", "numerator": 103, "denominator": 888, "value": 103, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "11.60%; a lower-bound creating-entity ratio, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-008", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "combined public creating-entity subset beds", "numerator": 32671, "denominator": 159878, "value": 32671, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "20.43%; a lower-bound creating-entity ratio, not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-009", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "outpatient departments", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24225, "unit": "departments", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-010", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "practices reporting only publicly financed work", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3040, "unit": "practices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment scope, not public ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-011", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical practices reporting only publicly financed work", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 532, "unit": "practices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment scope, not public ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-012", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "dental practices reporting only publicly financed work", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2508, "unit": "practices", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payment scope, not public ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-013", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "community pharmacies", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11229, "unit": "pharmacies", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-014", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "pharmacy points", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1067, "unit": "points", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-015", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "pharmacists at main workplace", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 26230, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-016", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "pharmacy technicians at main workplace", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 29811, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-017", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "research-funding", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "ABM non-commercial clinical-research competition allocation", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 200, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-10" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-018", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "production", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "medical-device sold-production index", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 110.1, "unit": "index previous year=100", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-019", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "current health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 243798.9, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-020", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government and local schemes amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 26752.7, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-021", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory scheme amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 162357.1, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-022", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 16055.9, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-023", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary insurance amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11645.8, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-024", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2981.4, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-025", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "enterprise schemes amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1428.7, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-026", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "household OOP amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 38633.2, "unit": "PLN million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-027", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government and local schemes share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11.0, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-028", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory scheme share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 66.6, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-029", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.6, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-030", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary insurance share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4.8, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-031", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15.8, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-032", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "public HF.1 share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 77.6, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-033", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-funding", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "KPO health projects awarded", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 349, "unit": "projects", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-19" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-034", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-funding", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "KPO health awards", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 9.6, "unit": "PLN billion", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-19" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "More than PLN 9.6bn." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-035", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-funding", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "KPO oncology-network hospital funding", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.2, "unit": "PLN billion", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-19" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-POL-036", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-funding", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "KPO long-term and geriatric funding", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.5, "unit": "PLN billion", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Poland", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PL-19" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-PRT-001", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public hospitals", "numerator": 111, "denominator": 242, "value": 45.87, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Portugal", "legal_status": "hospital público", "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "PPP remains separate." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-PRT-002", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "private hospitals", "numerator": 130, "denominator": 242, "value": 53.72, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Portugal", "legal_status": "hospital privado", "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "PPP remains separate." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-PRT-003", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "PPP hospitals", "numerator": 1, "denominator": 242, "value": 0.41, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Portugal", "legal_status": "PPP", "ownership": "PPP", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Third category, not merged into public or private." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-PRT-004", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "beds", "metric": "public beds", "numerator": 24, "denominator": 35.7, "value": 67.23, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Portugal", "legal_status": "hospital público", "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Numerator and denominator in thousands and rounded; PPP separate." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-PRT-005", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "current health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 26866.3, "unit": "EUR millions", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Portugal", "legal_status": "financing-agent presentation", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PT-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-PRT-006", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household share", "numerator": 29.3, "denominator": 100, "value": 29.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Portugal", "legal_status": "financing-agent presentation", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "PT-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-001", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "Slovak-citizen general-medicine students", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4347, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-002", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "new Slovak-citizen general-medicine entrants", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 930, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-003", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "Slovak-citizen general-medicine graduates", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 777, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-004", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "Slovak-citizen dentistry students", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 666, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-005", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "new Slovak-citizen dentistry entrants", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 113, "unit": "people", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-006", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": null, "subsector": null, 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"confidence": "medium-high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-050", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "household OOP amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1834.94, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-15", "SK-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium-high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-051", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3.97, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-15", "SK-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium-high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-052", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "compulsory contributory schemes share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 74.98, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-15", "SK-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium-high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-053", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary schemes share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.9, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-15", "SK-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium-high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-054", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20.15, "unit": "percent of current health expenditure", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-15", "SK-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium-high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVK-055", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "pooling", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "metric": "licensed statutory health insurers", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 3, "unit": "insurers", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Slovak Republic", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SK-09", "SK-10" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-001", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Universities of Ljubljana and Maribor", "subsector": "medicine programme", "metric": "programme duration", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6, "unit": "years", "data_year": "2026/27 current", "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-university operation; not title to all teaching assets." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-002", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Universities of Ljubljana and Maribor", "subsector": "medicine programme", "metric": "programme duration", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12, "unit": "semesters", "data_year": "2026/27 current", "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-university operation; not title to all teaching assets." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-003", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Universities of Ljubljana and Maribor", "subsector": "medicine programme", "metric": "programme credits", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 360, "unit": "ECTS", "data_year": "2026/27 current", "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-07" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Public-university operation; not title to all teaching assets." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-004", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Medical Chamber of Slovenia", "subsector": "autumn specialization call", "metric": "places advertised", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 235, "unit": "places", "data_year": "2025/26", "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-005", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Medical Chamber of Slovenia", "subsector": "autumn specialization call", "metric": "applications received", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 185, "unit": "applications", "data_year": "2025/26", "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-09" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-006", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 29, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-007", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8490, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-008", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "DC Bled", "metric": "private-hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 32, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-009", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "Kirurški sanatorij Rožna dolina", "metric": "private-hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-010", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "MC Medicor", "metric": "private-hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-011", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "private hospitals", "metric": "private-hospital beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 78, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "method": "32 + 24 + 22", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-012", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ / Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public-health-institute hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 26, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public health institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01", "SVN-02" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Founder/form, not title to every asset." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-013", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ / Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public-health-institute beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8412, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public health institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01", "SVN-02" ], "method": "8,490 minus 78 private-hospital beds", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Organizational/form measure, not asset-title measure." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-014", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ / Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public-health-institute hospital share", "numerator": 26, "denominator": 29, "value": 89.66, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01", "SVN-02" ], "method": "26 divided by 29", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Founder/form measure, not legal title to each asset." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-015", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ / Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public-health-institute bed share", "numerator": 8412, "denominator": 8490, "value": 99.08, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-01", "SVN-02" ], "method": "8,412 divided by 8,490", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Founder/form measure, not legal title to each asset." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-016", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "general practice", "metric": "public-institute calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1006.7, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-017", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "general practice", "metric": "private-concession calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 360.4, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private concessionaire", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-018", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "dentistry", "metric": "public-institute calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 727, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-019", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "dentistry", "metric": "private-concession calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 532.7, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private concessionaire", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-020", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "ambulatory specialists", "metric": "public-institute calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1465.9, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-021", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "ambulatory specialists", "metric": "private-concession calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 289.9, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private concessionaire", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-022", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "gynaecology", "metric": "public-institute calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 122.6, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-023", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "gynaecology", "metric": "private-concession calculated doctor capacity", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 34.5, "unit": "calculated doctors", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private concessionaire", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Financing/capacity units, not headcount." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-024", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "general practice", "metric": "public-institute capacity share", "numerator": 1006.7, "denominator": 1367.1, "value": 73.64, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "1,006.7 divided by (1,006.7 + 360.4)", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Calculated doctor capacity, not persons." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-025", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "general practice", "metric": "private-concession capacity share", "numerator": 360.4, "denominator": 1367.1, "value": 26.36, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "360.4 divided by (1,006.7 + 360.4)", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Calculated doctor capacity, not persons." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-026", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "contracted providers", "metric": "public institutes", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 201, "unit": "providers", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Provider count does not measure output or sites/workers." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-027", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "contracted providers", "metric": "private concessionaires", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1345, "unit": "providers", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private concessionaire", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Provider count does not measure output or sites/workers." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-028", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "contracted providers", "metric": "public-institute share of cited funds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 85.79, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Funding share, not asset ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-029", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "public pharmacy organizations", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 24, "unit": "organizations", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public pharmacy institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-030", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "private pharmacy organizations", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 92, "unit": "organizations", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private organization", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-031", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "public pharmacy locations", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 277, "unit": "locations", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "public pharmacy institute", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-032", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "private pharmacy locations", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 110, "unit": "locations", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": "private organization", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-033", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy locations", "metric": "public-location share", "numerator": 277, "denominator": 387, "value": 71.58, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "277 divided by 387", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Operation/form is known; title to each premises and ultimate private ownership are not." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-034", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "total pharmacy organizations", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 116, "unit": "organizations", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "24 public + 92 private", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-035", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "pharmacy sector", "metric": "total pharmacy locations", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 387, "unit": "locations", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ], "method": "277 public + 110 private", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-036", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ARIS / Government of Slovenia", "subsector": "all-field research", "metric": "stable research financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 241.353, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-11" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "All fields; not a biomedical-only numerator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-037", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ARIS / Government of Slovenia", "subsector": "all-field research", "metric": "total science expenditure on ARIS portal", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 365.25, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-11" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "All fields; not a biomedical-only numerator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-038", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ARIS / Government of Slovenia", "subsector": "all-field research", "metric": "state-budget R&D investment", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 592, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-11" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "All fields; not a biomedical-only numerator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-039", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "current health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6263.434, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-040", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "public-source share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 85.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-041", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "private-source share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 14.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-042", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "social-security-fund share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 76.9, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-043", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "government excluding social funds share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 8.6, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "derived from rounded official source percentages", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Derived share carries source rounding uncertainty." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-044", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household OOP", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 807, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-045", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "household OOP share of total", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 12.89, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "derived from rounded official source percentages", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Derived share carries source rounding uncertainty." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-046", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary-insurance share of total", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.74, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "derived from rounded official source percentages", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Derived share carries source rounding uncertainty." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-047", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "companies/nonprofits share of total", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.87, "unit": "approximate percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "derived from rounded official source percentages", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Derived share carries source rounding uncertainty." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-048", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "OOP share of private spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 88.9, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-049", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "metric": "voluntary-insurance share of private spending", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-050", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Government of Slovenia / Ministry of Finance", "subsector": "statutory contributions", "metric": "employer contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.56, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-051", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Government of Slovenia / Ministry of Finance", "subsector": "statutory contributions", "metric": "insured-person contribution rate", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.36, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-06" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-052", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "health capital", "metric": "municipal primary-care co-financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 15, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-15", "SVN-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/co-financing/procurement does not establish title to each asset." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-053", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "health capital", "metric": "municipal primary-care co-financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 20, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2026, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-15", "SVN-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/co-financing/procurement does not establish title to each asset." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SVN-054", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "health capital", "metric": "hospital-equipment project", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 33.749, "unit": "EUR million", "data_year": 2025, "geography": "Slovenia", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SVN-15", "SVN-16" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Planning/co-financing/procurement does not establish title to each asset." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ESP-001", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "control", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "hospitals", "metric": "public functional-dependence hospitals", "numerator": 387, "denominator": 848, "value": 45.64, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024-12-31", "geography": "Spain", "legal_status": "dependencia funcional", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Functional dependence, explicitly not ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ESP-002", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "control", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "installed beds", "metric": "public functional-dependence installed beds", "numerator": 108799, "denominator": 159679, "value": 68.14, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024-12-31", "geography": "Spain", "legal_status": "dependencia funcional", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Installed beds by functional dependence, not ownership or operating beds." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ESP-003", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "public health expenditure", "numerator": 105145, "denominator": 142773, "value": 73.64, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Spain", "legal_status": "domestic Health Accounts", "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "ES-2" ], "method": "derived", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Amounts in €m; private total does not isolate pure OOP." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ESP-004", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research", "institution": "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", "subsector": "Strategic Action in Health", "metric": "awards", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1274, "unit": "grants", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Spain", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "ES-4" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-ESP-005", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "research", "institution": "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", "subsector": "Strategic Action in Health", "metric": "awarded funding", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 192, "unit": "EUR millions", "data_year": "2025", "geography": "Spain", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "ES-4" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-001", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "subsector": null, "metric": "region-employed physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 37193, "unit": "physicians", "data_year": "2024-11", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "regional public employers", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Excludes privately employed contractor staff. Official landing page verifies the table series/frame; exact counts await the retained Table B file." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-002", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "subsector": null, "metric": "region-employed specialist physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": 37193, "value": 21382, "unit": "physicians", "data_year": "2024-11", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Official landing page verifies the table series/frame; exact counts await the retained Table B file." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-003", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "subsector": null, "metric": "region-employed nonspecialist physicians", "numerator": null, "denominator": 37193, "value": 15811, "unit": "physicians", "data_year": "2024-11", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-3" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Official landing page verifies the table series/frame; exact counts await the retained Table B file." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-004", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "subsector": null, "metric": "privately operated health-centre share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 47, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private operator", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-2" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Operator share, not financing or asset ownership." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-005", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Finansdepartementet/Regeringskansliet", "subsector": null, "metric": "state ownership of APL", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 100, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "state-owned", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-4" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-006", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistiska centralbyrån", "subsector": null, "metric": "public-authority financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 86, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-007", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistiska centralbyrån", "subsector": null, "metric": "household patient and other fee share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 13, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-SWE-008", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Statistiska centralbyrån", "subsector": null, "metric": "other-funder share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2023", "geography": "Sweden", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "SE-1" ], "method": "reported as just over 1%", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Combines firms, private insurance, and NPISH; not split further." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHE-001", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 270, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "S7" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHE-002", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity/ownership", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik", "subsector": null, "metric": "beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 37792, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "S7" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHE-003", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik / Bundesamt für Gesundheit news release", "subsector": null, "metric": "household premiums", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 40.7, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "S18" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHE-004", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik / Bundesamt für Gesundheit news release", "subsector": null, "metric": "direct household/OOP", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "S18" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHE-005", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik / Bundesamt für Gesundheit news release", "subsector": null, "metric": "government financing", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 31.3, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "S18" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-CHE-006", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Bundesamt für Statistik / Bundesamt für Gesundheit news release", "subsector": null, "metric": "unitemized residual", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 6.7, "unit": "calculated percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "S18" ], "method": "calculation from official values", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Composition Unknown." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-001", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "total active hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1544, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "31 Dec 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31 Dec 2024", "metric": "Ministry active hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 940, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-004", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "Ministry active beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 172406, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-005", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "university hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 69, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "university category, mixed ownership", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "University category is not automatically public." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-006", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "university beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 45252, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "university category, mixed ownership", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "University category is not automatically public." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-007", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "private hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 535, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-008", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "private beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 52554, "unit": "beds", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-009", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "Ministry hospital share", "numerator": 940, "denominator": 1544, "value": 60.88, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-010", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "active facilities at 31 Dec 2024", "metric": "Ministry bed share", "numerator": 172406, "denominator": 270212, "value": 63.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "31 Dec 2024", "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "calculated from official numerator and denominator", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-011", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1562, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-012", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 268359, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-013", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series Ministry hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 941, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-014", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series Ministry beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 169834, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "Ministry", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-015", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series university hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 69, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "university category, mixed ownership", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-016", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series university beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 44131, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "university category, mixed ownership", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-017", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series private hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 552, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-018", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "2024 annual-series figure", "metric": "annual-series private beds", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 54394, "unit": "beds", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "Separate annual-series frame; differs from explicit 31-Dec active table." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-019", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "private ambulatory facilities", "metric": "private polyclinics", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 303, "unit": "facilities", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not a complete primary-care denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-020", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "private ambulatory facilities", "metric": "private medical centres", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 551, "unit": "facilities", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Not a complete primary-care denominator." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-021", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "general government financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 77.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-022", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "private financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 22.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-023", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "SGK financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 42.1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-024", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "central government financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 34.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-025", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "local government financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 0.6, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-026", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "household OOP share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 17.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-027", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "private insurance financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.5, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-028", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "nonprofits/other enterprises financing share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-029", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health expenditure", "metric": "total health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 1.244, "unit": "TRY trillion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-030", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "TurkStat", "subsector": "health investment", "metric": "health investment", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 109.343, "unit": "TRY billion", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-02" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-031", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "Bursa City Hospital", "subsector": "PPP support services", "metric": "contracted services", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 18, "unit": "services", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "public clinical hospital with contracted support services", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Does not make the clinical hospital privately owned." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-TUR-032", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Bursa City Hospital", "subsector": "PPP support services", "metric": "invoice payment period", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 7, "unit": "working days", "data_year": null, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "TR-05" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Contract administration, not patient billing." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-001", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 259.5, "unit": "GBP billion", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-002", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "government schemes share", "numerator": 259.5, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 81.0, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "259.5 divided by 320.3; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-003", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 45.6, "unit": "GBP billion", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-004", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "household out-of-pocket share", "numerator": 45.6, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 14.2, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "45.6 divided by 320.3; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-005", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary insurance amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 9.2, "unit": "GBP billion", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-006", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "voluntary insurance share", "numerator": 9.2, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 2.9, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "9.2 divided by 320.3; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-007", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 5.7, "unit": "GBP billion", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-008", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "NPISH share", "numerator": 5.7, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 1.8, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "5.7 divided by 320.3; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-009", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "enterprise amount", "numerator": null, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 0.4, "unit": "GBP billion", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-010", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "enterprise share", "numerator": 0.4, "denominator": 320.3, "value": 0.1, "unit": "percent", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "0.4 divided by 320.3; percentage calculated from official amounts", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-GBR-011", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Office for National Statistics", "subsector": null, "metric": "total healthcare expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 320.3, "unit": "GBP billion", "data_year": "2024 revised", "geography": "United Kingdom", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ], "method": "reported", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Rounding can make component sums differ by GBP0.1b." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-001", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "community hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 4181, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "official unweighted frequency in the 2023 NIS Hospital File", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-002", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "nonfederal-government community hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 805, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "nonfederal government", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "official unweighted frequency in the 2023 NIS Hospital File", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-003", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "private nonprofit community hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 2758, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private nonprofit", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "official unweighted frequency in the 2023 NIS Hospital File", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-004", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "private investor-owned community hospitals", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 618, "unit": "hospitals", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": "private investor-owned", "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "official unweighted frequency in the 2023 NIS Hospital File", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-005", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "nonfederal-government share", "numerator": 805, "denominator": 4181, "value": 19.25, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "calculated unweighted composition of the NIS Hospital File; not a national ownership share", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-006", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "private nonprofit share", "numerator": 2758, "denominator": 4181, "value": 65.97, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "calculated unweighted composition of the NIS Hospital File; not a national ownership share", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-007", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS community-hospital frame", "metric": "private investor-owned share", "numerator": 618, "denominator": 4181, "value": 14.78, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2023, "geography": "2023 NIS sampling frame (45 states and DC)", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "method": "calculated unweighted composition of the NIS Hospital File; not a national ownership share", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "notes": "NIS frame includes nonfederal short-term general and other specialty hospitals; excludes federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units. Frame covers about 86% of community-hospital discharges." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-008", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "national health expenditure", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 5.3, "unit": "USD trillion", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": null }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-009", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "private health insurance payer share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 31, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-010", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "Medicare payer share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 21, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-011", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "Medicaid payer share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 18, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-012", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "OOP payer share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-013", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "other third-party/programs and public-health payer share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 11, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-014", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "federal government sponsor share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 31, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." }, { "observation_id": "OBS-USA-015", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "metric": "household sponsor share", "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "value": 28, "unit": "percent", "data_year": 2024, "geography": "national", "legal_status": null, "ownership": null, "employment_model": null, "price_setting_model": null, "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "method": "official published value", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "notes": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames and are not summed into a unified government/compulsory share." } ], "claims": [ { "claim_id": "CLM-AUS-001", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Australian Institute of Health and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "A current all-sector hospital or bed ownership fraction cannot be calculated because no current comprehensive private-hospital dataset exists.", "source_ids": [ "AU-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Public counts and historical/private-register figures are not combined across years or concepts." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUS-002", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "Primary care is often delivered by small private businesses alongside public subsidy and coordination.", "source_ids": [ "AU-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUS-003", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority", "subsector": "public hospitals", "claim_en": "The National Efficient Price and National Efficient Cost are federal public-hospital contribution benchmarks, not statements of state asset ownership.", "source_ids": [ "AU-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUS-004", "iso3": "AUS", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Australian Government Department of Health", "subsector": "ambulatory care", "claim_en": "The Medicare Benefits Schedule specifies benefit levels; accepting direct bulk billing makes the benefit the provider’s full fee.", "source_ids": [ "AU-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-01", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Human medicine is a six-year, 360-ECTS university programme; MedUni Wien's programme includes 18 weeks of clerkships and a 48-week clinical practical year. The federal capacity agreement reported 1,756 first-year human-medicine places for 2024/25. A public medical university is both educator and research operator, but this example does not establish a national public/private ownership denominator for all medical-school places. Federal government funds and negotiates public-university capacity; universities deliver programmes.", "source_ids": [ "A1", "A2" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-02", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "After the medical degree, physician training begins with nine months of Basisausbildung, followed by general-practice or specialist training. Training sites and posts require recognition under the Ärztegesetz; the Medical Chamber evaluates training sites. The federal statute sets the qualification framework; approved hospitals/practices operate posts; the Austrian Medical Chamber, a statutory professional body, performs delegated recognition/quality functions. Approval is not ownership.", "source_ids": [ "A3", "A4" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-03", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "At 31 Dec 2024 the Medical Chamber counted 52,005 professionally active physicians: 9,620 in training, 12,882 general practitioners and 29,385 specialists. These are heads, not FTE. Statistics Austria counted 101,453 non-medical health professionals in hospitals in 2024. National physician statistics do not by themselves identify employer or owner. The trainee, GP and specialist categories should not be summed without checking overlaps/other categories. National public-employment share: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A5", "A6" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-04", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "In 2024 Austria had 257 hospitals and an annual average of 60,126 actual beds. Providers include Länder companies, municipalities/associations, religious bodies, social insurers and private bodies. The total is a facility/bed denominator. The current official table referenced Rechtsträger and Öffentlichkeitsrecht, but no clean owner numerator was located. Public ownership therefore remains Unknown, rather than treating Öffentlichkeitsrecht or fund financing as ownership.", "source_ids": [ "A6", "A7", "C3" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-05", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Ambulatory care is delivered through solo practices, group practices, independent outpatient clinics and Primärversorgungseinheiten (PVE). The official portal says about 45% of physicians have health-insurance contracts. The 100th PVE opened in July 2025. Contract status is not ownership or employment. PVE centres may be medical group practices or independent outpatient clinics; specified independent-clinic shareholders may include nonprofit bodies, social insurers and public entities. Actual national ownership and salaried/self-employed denominators are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A7", "A8", "A9" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-06", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Pharmacists' Chamber reported 1,450 public/community pharmacies and 43 hospital pharmacies for 2024. Concessions and professional management are governed by the Apothekengesetz. Öffentliche Apotheke means a licensed pharmacy serving the public, not publicly owned. Hospital pharmacies are organizational units of hospitals; their count does not establish owner type. National public-owner share: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A10", "A11" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-07", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "BASG reviews medicine quality, safety and efficacy and authorizes/oversees trials and products; public medical universities conduct biomedical research. Austria's total R&D expenditure was €16.1bn or 3.35% of GDP in 2024. Total R&D is not pharmaceutical R&D. A current domestic official public/private pharmaceutical-R&D expenditure split was not located: Unknown. Regulatory review is not R&D ownership.", "source_ids": [ "A12", "A13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-08", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "BASG licenses pharmaceutical operations and publishes registers under §§63/63a AMG. Hospital pharmacies may prepare medicines within their statutory remit. A licensed-business register proves licensed actors/locations, not state ownership, domestic value added or full production. A national public pharmaceutical-manufacturing share and a civilian public end-to-end chain are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A11", "A14" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-09", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Manufacturers establish conformity; higher-risk devices use a notified body; CE marking precedes market access and BASG performs surveillance/vigilance. Large medical equipment is included in national/regional capacity planning. Market regulation is not production or ownership. No qualifying current national owner/manufacturer split or single national purchase-price mechanism for hospital capital equipment was located. Hospital procurement remains owner/operator- and contract-specific.", "source_ids": [ "A15", "A22" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-10", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Public medical universities combine teaching, clinical work and research; federal global budgets are a major revenue source for public universities. National total R&D data are available. Public sponsorship and university legal status are distinct from the performer and intellectual-property owner. A current official biomedical-only public expenditure/performer denominator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A1", "A13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-11", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The system mixes income-related social-insurance contributions, tax-funded public money and private payments. In 2024 current spending was €57.837bn: public €43.793bn (75.7%) and private €14.043bn (24.3%). Federal, Länder and social-insurance money is pooled for fund hospitals through the Bundesgesundheitsagentur and Landesgesundheitsfonds. “Public” in the expenditure account combines government and social insurers. “Private” is not pure OOP. Collectors are tax authorities and social insurers; pools include social-insurance funds and health funds; payers include insurers/funds, governments and households.", "source_ids": [ "A16", "A17" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-12", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Outpatient contract remuneration follows social-insurance contracts/tariffs. Fond hospitals are paid through activity-oriented LKF. Medicine ex-factory prices may initially be set by suppliers, statutory distribution mark-ups apply, and EKO reimbursement uses EU-average/comparative rules. Private Wahlarzt fees are freely set. Price formation differs by product and channel: negotiated/administrative tariff, hospital case payment, regulated margin/reimbursement ceiling, or private price. None establishes provider ownership. A single national device/capital-goods price rule is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "A16", "A18", "A19" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-13", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Contract physicians generally bill the insurer directly. Wahlarzt patients pay and seek reimbursement, commonly based on 80% of the contracted tariff; from 1 Jul 2024 elective physicians must electronically transmit paid reimbursement invoices. Hospital LKF requires federally standardized documentation. The billed private fee and reimbursable tariff are separate. Claims transmission does not make an elective physician a contracted provider. No universal public transaction-price database for all services/devices was located.", "source_ids": [ "A19", "A20" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-AUT-14", "iso3": "AUT", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit (ÖSG) supplies the national framework; Regionaler Strukturplan Gesundheit (RSG) provides Land-level detail. The plan covers sites, capacities and bands for major equipment, with planning horizon 2030; selected contents can be binding. Federation, Länder and social insurance agree the ÖSG; Länder operationalize RSGs. Planning authority and fund-hospital capital financing are controls, not ownership. Actual capital ownership follows the relevant Rechtsträger/owner.", "source_ids": [ "A21", "A22" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-001", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Vlaamse overheid", "subsector": "Medical education", "claim_en": "Initial physician education is university based and governed partly through community admission rules. In Flanders, entry to medicine requires favorable ranking in the community entrance examination; the basic university course is six years and completion triggers the federal professional visa pathway. This establishes an admission-and-licensure chain, not ownership of every teaching institution. The French Community has its own selection/quota architecture; a single harmonized national intake owner/controller should not be inferred. Control: communities/universities control admission and curriculum within the legal framework; the federal health administration controls the professional visa. Owner/operator: individual universities and teaching sites retain their own legal forms. Unknown: a current national public/private ownership breakdown of all medical-school teaching assets.", "source_ids": [ "BE-04", "BE-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-002", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Vlaamse Regering", "subsector": "Postgraduate training", "claim_en": "Specialist training positions are shaped by federal workforce planning and community subquota/recognition decisions. A 2025 Flemish Government decision states that it fixes maximum candidate numbers for medical and dental specialties for 2028 following federal Planning Commission advice. Training sponsors and sites can include universities and hospitals of different legal forms. Recognition of the specialist title, the federal visa, and the INAMI/RIZIV billing number are distinct gates; none proves employment or ownership.", "source_ids": [ "BE-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-003", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Workforce", "claim_en": "FPS Health’s February 2026 workforce release records more than 690,000 health professionals in its federal professional database, including 216,645 nurses and 64,521 physicians; these are registry totals, not necessarily full-time-equivalent active workers. INAMI/RIZIV explicitly says it has no direct information on whether a provider is salaried or self-employed. Therefore, a current national physician-employment split is Unknown. Hospital staff tables also warn that salaried counts omit many self-employed hospital physicians; employment form must not be used as a proxy for hospital ownership.", "source_ids": [ "BE-07", "BE-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-004", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Hospitals", "claim_en": "At 1 January 2025 Belgium had 103 general hospitals over 189 sites and 52,317 accredited hospital beds. Federal hospital networks, accreditation and BMF financing organize delivery, but none supplies a current owner census. The BMF is a hospital-specific operating-budget component within an annually capped national amount; medical fees, reimbursed medicines, infrastructure subsidies and several other flows sit outside it. Thus “publicly financed,” “in a locoregional network,” “accredited,” and “public-status BMF line” are not ownership findings.", "source_ids": [ "BE-01", "BE-03" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-005", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Ambulatory / primary care", "claim_en": "Primary care includes individual/group practices and multidisciplinary maisons médicales/wijkgezondheidscentra. INAMI/RIZIV’s optional New Deal GP model added a blended practice-financing route from April 2024, while medical homes can use capitation-based financing. These are contract/payment models. The national ownership distribution of premises/practices is Unknown; the clinician-employment split is also Unknown because the payer’s database lacks direct employment-relation data.", "source_ids": [ "BE-09", "BE-10", "BE-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 1/2; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-006", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Pharmacies", "claim_en": "FAMHP authorizes and registers openings, mergers, transfers and closures of community pharmacies. A 2025 official consultative document reports 4,543 community pharmacies; APB describes itself as the national federation of independent community pharmacists and says more than four fifths of public pharmacies are affiliated. “Public pharmacy” here means a pharmacy open to the public, not publicly owned. A current national owner-class numerator/denominator—independent pharmacist, chain, hospital, municipal/state—was not found, so pharmacy ownership shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "BE-11", "BE-12", "BE-13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2; Tier 3", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-007", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": "Sciensano", "subsector": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "claim_en": "Belgium has both a large private pharmaceutical R&D ecosystem and public biomedical/public-health research. Sciensano directly identifies itself as a public institution with legal personality created by the 25 February 2018 law. This supports a public R&D node, not a public commercial pharmaceutical sector. No current source was found showing Sciensano owning a national drug-manufacturing or retail-distribution chain.", "source_ids": [ "BE-14" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-008", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "SPF Économie", "subsector": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "FPS Economy reports that pharmaceuticals were the leading manufacturing sector in Belgian value added in 2024. That proves industrial production significance, not public ownership. No Tier 1–3 source found a current state-owned pharmaceutical manufacturer with a national production denominator. Public manufacturing share: Unknown; supported public producer: none identified.", "source_ids": [ "BE-15" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": "No missing denominator, owner class, or negative existential is inferred.", "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-009", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Devices / capital goods", "claim_en": "Belgium supports medical-device innovation/manufacture through industrial-policy instruments, including the health-sector IPCEI, but a subsidy or project designation does not change the beneficiary’s ownership. Heavy medical imaging has a much stronger public-control chain: MRI/PET devices require device-level accreditation/approval and MRI operation is tied to hospital accreditation and programming. Regulation/planning is therefore documented; ownership and domestic-manufacturing shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "BE-16", "BE-26" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-010", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Healthcare research", "claim_en": "Sciensano conducts public-health and biomedical research as a public legal person. Federal science-policy programs also sponsor research, but broad BELSPO project totals cannot be interpreted as health-only expenditure. Universities and hospitals conduct research under their respective legal forms. The report therefore records a public research presence but does not claim public ownership of the whole research system.", "source_ids": [ "BE-14", "BE-17" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-011", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Insurance / financing", "claim_en": "INAMI/RIZIV sets and administers compulsory insurance rules and transfers monthly budget tranches to mutualities, which reimburse insured persons/providers under INAMI/RIZIV supervision. For 2023, government/compulsory schemes paid 73.06% of current health expenditure, voluntary schemes 4.86%, and household OOP 22.08%; within government/compulsory, government schemes were 18.35% and compulsory contributory schemes 54.70%. These are payment shares, not provider ownership shares. Collectors/pools/payers: social contributions and public transfers feed the compulsory system; INAMI/RIZIV is the federal administrator/budget authority; recognized mutualities are claims payers; hospitals, independent clinicians, pharmacies and others are contracted/billing providers. The role labels must not be collapsed.", "source_ids": [ "BE-18", "BE-19", "X-BENELUX-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-012", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Price-setting", "claim_en": "Hospital: the BMF is a capped operating-budget component; it excludes medical fees, reimbursed drugs and infrastructure flows. Physician: official fees and reimbursement are fixed through conventions among professional representatives, mutualities and public authorities, then encoded in the nomenclature; convention status affects whether supplements may be charged. Drug: the applicant files an INAMI/RIZIV reimbursement request alongside a price request to FPS Economy; the Economy minister sets the maximum ex-factory price, while reimbursement/listing is decided through the insurance process. Device: no single cross-device national ex-factory mechanism was found. Covered devices follow product-specific nomenclature/reimbursement and procurement routes; capital equipment may also be programmed/accredited. General device-price formation: Unknown beyond category-specific rules.", "source_ids": [ "BE-03", "BE-20", "BE-21", "BE-22", "BE-23" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-013", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "INAMI", "subsector": "Billing / transparency", "claim_en": "The INAMI/RIZIV nomenclature provides the billable code, official fee and reimbursement basis. The national medico-mutualist agreement establishes conventional tariffs and allows physicians to adhere or not under the legal process. Providers must display tariff and convention-status information; patients can consult official cost information. Actual supplements and the separation between hospital charge, physician fee and drug/device charge remain material; one bill should not be read as one owner/operator.", "source_ids": [ "BE-21", "BE-22", "BE-24" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-BEL-014", "iso3": "BEL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Capital / capacity planning", "claim_en": "The federal government publishes hospital programming and bed-capacity parameters, while federated entities exercise important approval and infrastructure-financing functions. Heavy imaging devices require specific approval/accreditation, and Flemish VIPA schemes subsidize eligible construction and first equipment. Control is distributed: federal programming/reimbursement; federated operating/infrastructure authorization and subsidy; provider project execution/asset operation. A subsidy does not establish public title to the building or equipment.", "source_ids": [ "BE-02", "BE-25", "BE-26" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CAN-001", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Health Canada", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Public administration of provincial insurance does not establish public ownership of hospitals or prohibit private delivery.", "source_ids": [ "CA-2", "CA-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Insurance administration, provider legal status, and delivery are kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CAN-002", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Canadian Blood Services", "subsector": "blood components", "claim_en": "Canadian Blood Services is a government-funded independent nonprofit biologics manufacturer and integrated blood-service chain, not a government-owned corporation.", "source_ids": [ "CA-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T3", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CAN-003", "iso3": "CAN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Patented Medicine Prices Review Board", "subsector": "patented medicines", "claim_en": "PMPRB regulates patented ex-manufacturer factory-gate prices; this is not a universal retail or formulary price.", "source_ids": [ "CA-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHL-001", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "employment/training", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "EDF", "claim_en": "EDF places physicians in the public network for three to six years before access to publicly linked specialty scholarships.", "source_ids": [ "CL-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Programme pathway, not the whole residency system." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHL-002", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operation/price-setting", "institution": "CENABAST", "subsector": "participating private pharmacies", "claim_en": "Law 21.198 enables CENABAST supply to participating private/nonprofit pharmacies and a maximum retail sale price within the programme.", "source_ids": [ "CL-03", "CL-04" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHL-003", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "CENABAST", "subsector": "SNSS/APS", "claim_en": "CENABAST aggregates public-network demand for medicines and devices; procurement does not establish public manufacture.", "source_ids": [ "CL-02" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHL-004", "iso3": "CHL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "FONASA public network", "claim_en": "Copago Cero removed point-of-service copayments for FONASA groups B/C/D in the public network, not household spending outside it.", "source_ids": [ "CL-09" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-COL-001", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "professional authorization", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "health workforce", "claim_en": "ReTHUS authorizes professionals to practise but is not an employment or ownership measure.", "source_ids": [ "CO-07" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-COL-002", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "research policy", "institution": "Congress/INVIMA", "subsector": "health technologies", "claim_en": "Law 2386 orders a national research, technological-development, and innovation policy for health autonomy.", "source_ids": [ "CO-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-COL-003", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing policy", "institution": "Congress/INVIMA", "subsector": "medicines and inputs", "claim_en": "Law 2386 covers production of medicines, active ingredients, biologics, and raw materials but does not establish output or ownership shares.", "source_ids": [ "CO-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-COL-004", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministerio de Salud", "subsector": "UPC", "claim_en": "The Ministry determines UPC methodology; UPC is a capitation amount paid to EPS, not a comprehensive provider price schedule.", "source_ids": [ "CO-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-COL-005", "iso3": "COL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "payment routing", "institution": "ADRES", "subsector": "EPS/IPS", "claim_en": "ADRES makes direct transfers to providers; payment routing does not establish provider ownership or patient-bill transparency.", "source_ids": [ "CO-02" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CRI-001", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training/planning", "institution": "CCSS/CENDEISSS", "subsector": "specialist training", "claim_en": "CENDEISSS coordinates specialist training with public and private universities, and a 2024 audit documented no evidence of the required needs-based five-year plan.", "source_ids": [ "CR-04", "CR-05", "CR-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CRI-002", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "A CCSS provider directory lists COOPESIBA alongside health areas and EBAIS. The directory label alone does not establish COOPESIBA's legal ownership or contracting relationship, so no operation share is inferred from this source.", "source_ids": [ "CR-03" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CRI-003", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "formulary control", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "medicines", "claim_en": "The official medicine list assigns products by delivery level, including health areas/EBAIS.", "source_ids": [ "CR-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CRI-004", "iso3": "CRI", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "CCSS", "subsector": "sickness/maternity insurance", "claim_en": "Employers must enroll salaried workers, and coverage also includes self-employed, pensioners, state-insured, and voluntary insured groups.", "source_ids": [ "CR-01", "CR-09" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-001", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Medical degrees are produced by accredited universities; the cited Charles University general-medicine program is six years.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-13" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-002", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "MZ accredits and subsidizes designated residency places, while providers supply clinical workplaces and supervision.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-14" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-003", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Provider-type and FTE statistics do not identify clinician ownership or employment relationship.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-03" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-004", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "No qualifying current aggregate supports a public legal-owner numerator for Czech acute hospitals or beds.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-02", "CZ-04" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-005", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ambulatory-care", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Independent-office and registration counts do not establish legal ownership or self-employment.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-02", "CZ-15" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-006", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "pharmacies", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "SÚKL pharmacy counts and operator records do not provide a current public/private ownership aggregate.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-05" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-007", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Public research funding and enterprise R&D-performer counts are different concepts; domestically controlled does not mean publicly owned.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-10", "CZ-11" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-008", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The SÚKL manufacturer register establishes licensing, not a national public-production share; no current civilian state medicine producer was verified.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-12" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-009", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Device registration establishes regulatory status, not manufacturing ownership.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-09" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-010", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "healthcare-research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "MZ and AZV fund applied health research performed by separately governed public universities, faculty hospitals, and research organizations.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-10", "CZ-18" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-011", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Seven statutory insurers collect premiums, contract providers, and pay claims; VZP additionally administers the legally separate risk-adjustment account.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-06", "CZ-07" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-012", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Annual MZ reimbursement rules and SÚKL/MZ administrative processes set covered-service and reimbursed-product payment parameters without establishing provider ownership.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-08", "CZ-16", "CZ-17" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-013", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "National registers receive individual reimbursement data from insurers, while public disclosure does not constitute an open patient-level claim ledger.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-19", "CZ-20" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CZE-014", "iso3": "CZE", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "MZ directly plans and funds its faculty-hospital capital, while insurers and other owners separately shape and execute capacity.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-21" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DNK-001", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet", "subsector": "general practice", "claim_en": "Most general practices are operated by self-employed doctors under the general-practice agreement.", "source_ids": [ "DK-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DNK-002", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Sundhedsdatastyrelsen", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "The official bed return covers public hospitals and therefore cannot supply an all-sector ownership denominator.", "source_ids": [ "DK-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DNK-003", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Statens Serum Institut", "subsector": "vaccines", "claim_en": "SSI sold all shares in the state vaccine-manufacturing operation in 2017; continuing public supply responsibility does not establish current public manufacture.", "source_ids": [ "DK-6" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DNK-004", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Sundhedsdatastyrelsen", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "DRG tariffs support settlement between regions and are not a universal provider market price.", "source_ids": [ "DK-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DNK-005", "iso3": "DNK", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Amgros", "subsector": "hospital medicines", "claim_en": "Region-owned Amgros pools hospital medicine procurement and negotiates discounts.", "source_ids": [ "DK-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-001", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The University of Tartu’s integrated Estonian-language medical programme lasts 6 years / 360 ECTS and lists 186 places for 2026/27. It is a public-university production link for physician education, but the university page does not quantify all doctors trained outside Estonia.", "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-002", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Tartu states that more than 40 residency specialties last 3–5 years. The university operates the programme; national regulation and public financing shape places. A university training role is not ownership of teaching hospitals.", "source_ids": [ "EE-06" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-003", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Health Board reported in March 2024 7,243 registered physicians, 5,178 working in Estonia in their profession, and 1,199 family-medicine specialists. Registration is performed by the Health Board; registry membership is not proof of employment status or workplace ownership.", "source_ids": [ "EE-07" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-004", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "TAI’s 2024 owner-type table reports 48 hospitals: 28 public and 20 private. Its bed table reports 6,373 beds: 5,593 public and 780 private. The methodology expressly defines public by at least 50% state and/or municipal capital participation, making these legal/economic ownership statistics rather than financing proxies. Providers may be private-law companies or foundations; that legal form must not be relabelled private ownership.", "source_ids": [ "EE-01", "EE-08", "EE-02", "EE-03", "EE-04" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-005", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "TAI reports 2024 independent providers: 407 family-doctor establishments (3 public, 404 private) and 345 specialist facilities (2 public, 343 private). The Health Services Organisation Act allows a family doctor to practise as a sole trader or through a family-care company. The exact national split between self-employed doctors, shareholder-doctors, and salaried clinicians is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-04", "EE-08" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-006", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The State Agency of Medicines reports 468 general pharmacies in 2025, total pharmacy turnover €819 million and medicines turnover €619 million. The Medicinal Products Act permits several public and private licence-holder forms and requires pharmacist control of a private general-pharmacy company. No official national owner-type count was located; public/private pharmacy ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-11", "EE-12" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-007", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The State Agency of Medicines authorises and supervises clinical trials and publishes annual trial statistics. Trial sites include hospitals, private clinics and primary-care centres, but site type is not owner type. Public upstream discovery capacity is evidenced at the University of Tartu; national public/private R&D expenditure by owner is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-13", "EE-16" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-008", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The medicines agency reported 24 manufacturers at 26 sites as of 1 January 2024: seven medicine, three active-substance, one medical-gas, four herbal, one importer, and eight packaging/label sites. The agency licenses and inspects production. The register/yearbook does not supply legal-owner classification, so public pharmaceutical manufacturing is Unknown, not zero.", "source_ids": [ "EE-14", "EE-15" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-009", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "TAI collects annual use data for major diagnostic and treatment equipment; the State Agency of Medicines regulates clinical investigations of devices. Tervisekassa reimburses listed devices using functional grouping and reference-price rules. Domestic device-manufacturing ownership and whether any producer is publicly owned are Unknown. Selected investment control does not imply public production.", "source_ids": [ "EE-18", "EE-20" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-010", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The University of Tartu’s Estonian Genome Bank is the responsible processor of a biobank with more than 200,000 donors and supplies pseudonymised data/material for research. This is supported public-university research infrastructure and a genuine upstream public-production link. It does not prove public ownership of downstream therapies or companies.", "source_ids": [ "EE-16" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-011", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Tax and Customs Board collects social tax; the statutory health share is 13%. Tervisekassa, a public-law body, holds the principal pool and contracts/pays providers. Domestic SHA 2024 spending was €3.169 billion: public schemes other than Tervisekassa €278.363m, Tervisekassa €2.149909bn, voluntary schemes €72.004m, and household OOP €669.037m. Harmonised shares are 8.81%, 67.81%, 2.27%, and 21.10%, respectively.", "source_ids": [ "EE-05", "EE-09", "X-BALTIC-01", "EE-10" ], "evidence_tier": "T4", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-012", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Tervisekassa’s health-services list contains more than 2,000 services and maximum prices; costing uses provider data for staff time, equipment, consumables, and overhead. For reimbursed medicines, a same-ingredient/route grouping and the second-cheapest qualifying pack determine the reference price. For reimbursed devices, the second-cheapest unit in a comparable group determines the reference price. Laboratory services are priced inside the service list; no separate nationwide laboratory price-setter was found.", "source_ids": [ "EE-09", "EE-17", "EE-18" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-013", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Providers submit electronic treatment claims under Tervisekassa contracts. The Health Portal lets an individual see provider-submitted and Tervisekassa-paid raviarved. This demonstrates transaction transparency and payer settlement, not that the patient personally paid the displayed amount.", "source_ids": [ "EE-19" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-EST-014", "iso3": "EST", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The government-approved Hospital Network Development Directions to 2040 set the strategic network, concentration and campus/infrastructure direction. Tervisekassa contracts funded volumes; public capital programmes finance selected projects. Blanket central approval of every provider’s major-equipment purchase is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "EE-20" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FIN-001", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "The 2024 public-bed result is based on state plus municipal patient-day-derived bed-equivalents, not a physical staffed-bed inventory.", "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Public 14,437 equals state 489 plus municipal 13,948; total 14,886." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FIN-002", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Tilastokeskus", "subsector": "health system", "claim_en": "The detailed 2022 financing split predates the 2023 reform and excludes investment; it must not be projected into the post-reform system.", "source_ids": [ "FI-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FIN-003", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": "Valtiovarainministeriö/Valtioneuvosto", "subsector": "county services", "claim_en": "Wellbeing-county funding is general-purpose, leaving allocation discretion within the county framework.", "source_ids": [ "FI-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FIN-004", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "control", "institution": "Valtioneuvosto/Ministry of Finance", "subsector": "capital investment", "claim_en": "The Government decides annually on wellbeing-county borrowing authorization, creating a central capital gate.", "source_ids": [ "FI-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FIN-005", "iso3": "FIN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Lääkkeiden hintalautakunta (Hila)", "subsector": "reimbursed medicines", "claim_en": "Hila confirms the maximum wholesale price used as a statutory reimbursement-price condition.", "source_ids": [ "FI-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FRA-001", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "France had 1,330 public hospital establishments out of 2,965 in 2023.", "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Derived share 44.9%." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FRA-002", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "MCO beds", "claim_en": "The 70.3% public-bed ratio applies only to MCO beds and cannot be generalized to all hospital beds.", "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "131,915 divided by 187,565." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FRA-003", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "DREES", "subsector": "CSBM", "claim_en": "Public administrations financed 79.4% of the 2024 CSBM care basket.", "source_ids": [ "FR-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "CSBM is narrower than DCSi." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-FRA-004", "iso3": "FRA", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "AP-HP AGEPS", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "AGEPS solid-oral physical manufacture moved to 100% subcontracting in September 2024.", "source_ids": [ "FR-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Public stewardship is separated from physical manufacture." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-01", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Federal medical-licensing rules require a six-year course, at least 5,500 hours, a 48-week practical year, nursing service, Famulatur and three examination stages. Federation defines the licence; Länder and universities organize places and teaching; university hospitals and other approved sites deliver clinical teaching. A current official national ownership split of faculties/places was not located.", "source_ids": [ "D1" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-02", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The binding Weiterbildungsordnung is enacted by each Landesärztekammer. The Bundesärztekammer's Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung is a recommended model, not itself binding. Landesärztekammern are public-law professional corporations exercising delegated qualification control; hospitals/practices operate posts and employ/host trainees. Chamber control does not confer ownership of the training site.", "source_ids": [ "D2" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-03", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "At 31 Dec 2024 Germany had 6.2m health workers (4.4m FTE). Hospitals employed 217,700 physicians and 1,240,900 non-medical staff in 2024, corresponding to 180,400 and 834,400 FTE. These hospital counts are direct employees and do not classify the ultimate owner. Self-employed and ambulatory employment must be handled separately.", "source_ids": [ "D3", "D4" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-04", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "In 2024 there were 1,841 hospitals and exactly 472,851 beds: 528 public hospitals with 221,481 beds; 575 freigemeinnützig with 152,773; 738 private with 98,597. Destatis owner/sponsor classification counts private-law entities as public when public bodies hold more than 50% of capital/votes. Freigemeinnützig is not public. Public shares are 28.7% of hospitals and 46.8% of beds (counts-based calculation).", "source_ids": [ "D4", "D5", "D22", "C2" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-05", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "In 2024, 189,551 physicians and psychotherapists participated in statutory ambulatory care; 123,752 were established with their own practice. Bedarfsplanung and admission regulate geography/specialty; practice, group and Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) forms coexist. “With own practice” is an operator/professional position, not all asset ownership. The residual is not automatically “employees” without a source. MVZ legal form or insurer contract does not reveal ultimate owner. Public-owner and full employment denominators: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "D6", "D7" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-06", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "At end-2024 there were 17,041 public/community pharmacies. Among pharmacy pharmacists, ABDA counted 13,197 owners and 40,038 branch managers/other employed pharmacists; separate hospital and authority/military categories exist. All öffentliche Apotheken are proprietor-run under the professional model; öffentlich means open to the public, not government-owned. Hospital and Bundeswehr pharmacies are institution-specific, bounded forms.", "source_ids": [ "D8" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-07", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Federal health-research programmes fund disease, personalized-medicine, prevention and translational work. Germany spent €137.1bn on all R&D in 2024 (3.17% GDP). These totals are not pharmaceutical R&D. Funding agency, research performer, patent owner and manufacturer are different. A current official national public/private pharmaceutical-R&D expenditure split was not located.", "source_ids": [ "D9", "D10" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-08", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Medicines manufacture requires authorization and GMP oversight under federal law; BfArM/Paul-Ehrlich-Institut and Länder divide regulatory tasks. The Bundeswehr has a bounded production site and pharmacy/logistics chain. Regulation/licensing is not state ownership. No clean current official national owner split for civilian pharmaceutical plants/output was located. Bundeswehr production is public but military-specific, not evidence of a public civilian industry.", "source_ids": [ "D11", "D12", "D24" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-09", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "EU/federal device law places conformity obligations on manufacturers and surveillance on competent authorities. For insured assistive devices, GKV-SV fixed amounts are maxima, while insurers contract prices; some product groups have no fixed amount. A reimbursement maximum is not a manufacturer price. Hospital capital equipment is purchased by operators/owners, often under procurement law for public bodies; no single national transaction-price mechanism or public-manufacturing share was located.", "source_ids": [ "D13", "D14" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-10", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Universities, university hospitals, Helmholtz/Max Planck and other public/nonprofit bodies perform research under federal/Land and third-party funding; the federal health-research framework runs to 2028. Public financing does not make all research assets/results publicly owned. National health/biomedical-only totals by sponsor, performer and owner were not located in one current domestic source.", "source_ids": [ "D9", "D10", "D24" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-11", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "2024 current health expenditure was €538.207bn. Payers included GKV €300.831bn (55.9%), social long-term care €64.656bn (12.0%), public budgets €26.186bn (4.9%), private insurance €44.810bn (8.3%), employers €22.965bn (4.3%), households/nonprofits €64.956bn (12.1%), pension €6.440bn and accident insurance €7.364bn. Contributions and federal subsidy enter the Gesundheitsfonds, which allocates risk-adjusted amounts to sickness funds. Payer categories are not provider ownership. Household/nonprofit is not pure OOP. A calculated public-budget + four statutory-social-insurance grouping is 75.3%, but is an analytical grouping, not an official “government/compulsory” SHA label.", "source_ids": [ "D15", "D16" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-12", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Hospital operating care uses DRG/case payment plus a separate nursing budget; state hospital associations and insurers negotiate Landesbasisfallwerte. Ambulatory GKV uses EBM points and regional point values/total remuneration. New-drug reimbursement follows G-BA benefit assessment and negotiated reimbursement; statutory margins, rebates and reference amounts also apply. Länder finance eligible hospital investment under the dual system; this is separate from operating prices. Supplier list price, reimbursement amount and dispensing price are distinct. Private physician fees use GOÄ, not EBM.", "source_ids": [ "D17", "D18", "D19", "D23" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-13", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "GKV patients can request a Patientenquittung and insurer claims information under §305 SGB V. Hospitals publish structured quality reports; 2024 reports include structures and specified quality measures. Patients do not routinely see a cash invoice in benefits-in-kind care. A quality report is not ownership or full price transparency; reimbursement and actual provider cost remain distinct.", "source_ids": [ "D20", "D21" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-DEU-14", "iso3": "DEU", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Under dual hospital finance, Länder plan hospitals and finance eligible investment; insurers pay operating care. Ambulatory KVs develop Bedarfspläne with insurer bodies under G-BA rules. Hospital plan inclusion is capacity/contracting status, not ownership. Länder investment responsibility does not mean Länder own every funded hospital. Training-site recognition and device-market oversight are separate controls.", "source_ids": [ "D7", "D17" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-001", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "NPDD/NPID/private-clinic categories establish legal form, not beneficial ownership; 125/266 institutions and 32,754/48,334 beds are exact NPDD ratios only.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "The four NPID hospitals may include publicly controlled bodies.", "method_note": "No ownership is inferred from legal form beyond the stated public-law category." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-002", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "ELSTAT", "subsector": "health workforce", "claim_en": "Professional registration is not employment or FTE, and the hospital internal-staff table excludes external collaborating doctors.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01", "GRC-05" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-003", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status/employment", "institution": "ELSTAT / EOPYY", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "Public-unit employment and EOPYY purchasing from contracted personal physicians are separate; no all-ambulatory ownership/employment denominator was established.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-02", "GRC-03", "GRC-04" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-004", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "ELSTAT / EOF / EOPYY", "subsector": "pharmacies", "claim_en": "Pharmacy counts, licensing and reimbursement do not establish legal-owner, chain, cooperative, hospital-pharmacy or employment shares.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-05", "GRC-09" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-005", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "IFET / EOF", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "IFET is a bounded public-control link for medicines missing from the private market, unique medicines and antidotes; it does not establish public ownership of Greek pharmaceutical manufacturing generally.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-17", "GRC-18" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-006", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ELSTAT / EOPYY", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "claim_en": "Public financing and EOPYY reimbursement are payment functions and do not prove provider ownership.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-06", "GRC-13" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-007", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "KETEKNY / EOPYY", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "All-hospital DRG-style production recording does not establish that every hospital payment is exclusively DRG; KEN and tariff instruments remain visible.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-13", "GRC-14" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GRC-008", "iso3": "GRC", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "procurement/ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health / EKAPY", "subsector": "capital", "claim_en": "Planning, funding and centralized procurement do not establish EKAPY ownership of provider assets; no unified title/depreciation/debt/loss register was found.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-11", "GRC-12" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-001", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Fenntartó means maintainer, not tulajdonos; 103/155 hospitals and 57,334/61,303 operating beds are exact public-maintainer measures only.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-01", "HUN-02" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "University maintainer status does not settle title to every building or bed.", "method_note": "Municipal, central and university categories are summed only as a maintainer measure." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-002", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "hospital beds", "claim_en": "The 68,484 authorized-bed count is not interchangeable with the 61,303 operating-bed denominator used for the public-maintainer bed share.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-003", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status/employment", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "Municipal service duty, provider contract and physician practice right overlap; none alone establishes premises ownership or employment status.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-05", "HUN-06" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-004", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "operator-status/ownership", "institution": "KSH / NEAK", "subsector": "pharmacies", "claim_en": "The official series supports private pharmacy operation after privatization but not ultimate legal-owner or equity concentration.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-005", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "KSH", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "claim_en": "The latest fully decomposed domestic SHA amounts located are for 2023 and are not relabelled as 2024; voluntary schemes are broader than private insurance.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-08" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-006", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "KSH / NNGYK", "subsector": "pharmaceuticals", "claim_en": "Production indices and manufacturer licensing establish a regulated domestic industry but not its ownership distribution; a current state-owned finished-dose manufacturer was not identified.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-12", "HUN-16" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-007", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "manufacturing/ownership", "institution": "NNGYK / NEAK / OKFŐ", "subsector": "devices and capital goods", "claim_en": "Device registration, reimbursement admission and a central equipment reserve do not establish domestic production or public ownership; both remain unknown.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-15", "HUN-16" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-HUN-008", "iso3": "HUN", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "control/ownership", "institution": "NEAK / OKFŐ", "subsector": "capital capacity", "claim_en": "Kapacitásbefogadás is acceptance into public financing, not physical capital ownership; no unified current capital-title register was found.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-14", "HUN-15" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISL-001", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Fjársýsla ríkisins/Ministry of Finance", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "State accounts confirm Landspítali and Akureyri Hospital as state entities but do not establish a national all-sector hospital or bed ownership share.", "source_ids": [ "IS-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISL-002", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Stjórnartíðindi", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "Primary-care centres can be operated by the state or by providers under contract with the state, so common financing does not imply common ownership or employment.", "source_ids": [ "IS-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISL-003", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Heilsugæsla höfuðborgarsvæðisins", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "The capital-area operator split is local rather than a national ownership measure.", "source_ids": [ "IS-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISL-004", "iso3": "ISL", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Lyfjastofnun", "subsector": "prescription medicines", "claim_en": "The Medicines Agency approves maximum wholesale and retail prices for prescription medicines.", "source_ids": [ "IS-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-IRL-001", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Publicly administered hospitals and beds in a public hospital setting are administration or setting measures, not proof of legal public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "Voluntary nonprofit hospitals make administration/setting classifications non-equivalent to state ownership.", "method_note": "Approximate numerators are derived only from rounded official percentages and are not ownership numerators." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-IRL-002", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Health Service Executive", "subsector": "general practice", "claim_en": "General practitioners under the GMS contract are independent contractors paid through capitation and other payments, not HSE employees.", "source_ids": [ "IE-3", "IE-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-IRL-003", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Central Statistics Office", "subsector": "health system", "claim_en": "Government schemes, compulsory contributory insurance, voluntary schemes, and household out-of-pocket financing are separate SHA categories.", "source_ids": [ "IE-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-IRL-004", "iso3": "IRL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": "acute hospitals", "claim_en": "The central plan targets 4,367 additional acute hospital beds by 2031; this is planned rather than completed capacity.", "source_ids": [ "IE-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISR-001", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "operation", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "general inpatient beds", "claim_en": "The Ministry operates about half of general inpatient beds; the statement is approximate and does not cover all bed types.", "source_ids": [ "IL-03" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Approximate official statement." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISR-002", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "insurance/delivery", "institution": "Statutory health funds", "subsector": "community care", "claim_en": "Every insured person must register with one health fund, which must supply the statutory basket without conditions.", "source_ids": [ "IL-02" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISR-003", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministry of Health/Finance", "subsector": "hospital services", "claim_en": "Selected hospital tariffs are administered through Health–Finance price-control processes; this is not ownership evidence.", "source_ids": [ "IL-04", "IL-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ISR-004", "iso3": "ISR", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity control", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospital beds", "claim_en": "Allocated or expanded beds require compliance with standards and Ministry approval/licensing.", "source_ids": [ "IL-06", "IL-10" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ITA-001", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministero della Salute", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "The ministry counted 511 public/equivalent hospitals out of 996 in 2023, but this is not pure patrimonial ownership.", "source_ids": [ "IT-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Equiparati/classificati contaminate a pure ownership reading." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ITA-002", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Istat", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "claim_en": "Government and compulsory financing accounted for 73.6% of 2024 current health expenditure.", "source_ids": [ "IT-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ITA-003", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Agenzia Industrie Difesa", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "Italy has a bounded state military pharmaceutical plant producing medicines of strategic interest.", "source_ids": [ "IT-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Does not establish a general public pharmaceutical industry." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ITA-004", "iso3": "ITA", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price_setting", "institution": "Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco", "subsector": "medicines", "claim_en": "AIFA negotiates reimbursement status and price for medicines.", "source_ids": [ "IT-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-JPN-001", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "National-government, official-public-medical-institution, and social-insurance-organization operators are separate official categories.", "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Combined shares, where shown, are arithmetic without collapsing category identities." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-JPN-002", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "general clinics", "claim_en": "Facility-operator counts do not establish clinician employment.", "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-JPN-003", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "national medical expenditure", "claim_en": "Patient etc. burden is not mechanically equivalent to the full SHA OOP concept.", "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-JPN-004", "iso3": "JPN", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "subsector": "compulsory insurance", "claim_en": "National rules administer medical fees, drug prices, material/device prices, and DPC hospital payment.", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-KOR-001", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "payment administration", "institution": "HIRA/NHIS", "subsector": "pharmacies/providers", "claim_en": "HIRA administers reimbursable and non-reimbursable listings and claims; contracting data are not ownership data.", "source_ids": [ "KR-01", "KR-02" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-KOR-002", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Welfare/HIRA", "subsector": "insured services", "claim_en": "The national benefit/non-benefit list and relative-value points regulate insurance payment but not all market prices.", "source_ids": [ "KR-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-KOR-003", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "transparency", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "subsector": "non-covered services", "claim_en": "All medical institutions report non-covered item prices, frequency, and diagnosis under the 2024 reporting system.", "source_ids": [ "KR-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-KOR-004", "iso3": "KOR", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity control", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "subsector": "hospital beds", "claim_en": "The 2023–2027 bed plan classifies regions by supply status and announced prior approval for specified hospital expansions.", "source_ids": [ "KR-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-001", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Rīga Stradiņš University’s Latvian-language Medicine programme lasts 6 years / 360 ECTS and lists 200 state-budget, 20 paid, and 30 co-financed places. This is public-university training capacity, not evidence about the ownership of clinical placement providers.", "source_ids": [ "LV-05" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-002", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The unified residency admissions rules cover state-budget places across RSU and the University of Latvia. Ministry planning listed 289 places in 2024/25, 279 in 2025/26 and 275 in 2026/27, with at least 41% directed outside Riga. The state therefore controls publicly financed intake and geographic conditions; teaching-site ownership and resident employment remain separate.", "source_ids": [ "LV-06", "LV-07" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-003", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "SPKC’s 2025 official returns report 6,392 practising physicians, including 1,431 family/general-practice physicians, and 7,647 practising nurses. These are practising-person counts, not FTEs or public employees. A national public/private employment split was not found.", "source_ids": [ "LV-03", "LV-04" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-004", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "SPKC counted 55 inpatient treatment institutions in 2024. CSP’s bed table reports 9,297 average beds: 5,096 affiliated to the Ministry of Health system, 3,495 municipal, 537 private and 169 outside those displayed groups. The table calls the dimension piederība, not ownership. Consequently 8,591/9,297 is an identified public-affiliation lower bound, not an exact public-owner numerator. The Ministry separately lists companies in which it holds state shares; that validates those named companies only.", "source_ids": [ "LV-01", "LV-08", "LV-02" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "Affiliation is not legal ownership.", "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-005", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The 2024 activity profile contains 4,054 ambulatory institutions, including 1,200 family-doctor/internist/pediatric practices and 1,004 specialist practices. NVD contracts family practices and pays capitation, billable manipulations, fixed practice payments and personnel supplements under Cabinet Regulation 555. Neither activity profile nor NVD contract identifies legal owner or clinician employer. Exact ownership and employment mixes are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-02", "LV-10", "LV-11" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-006", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Finance Ministry’s 2025 sector summary records 773 general pharmacies, of which 166 were sole local outlets. The Pharmacy Law and State Agency of Medicines govern licences and medicine circulation. No current official source found supplies a national owner-type denominator; pharmacy ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-13", "LV-15" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-007", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (OSI), a public-law research institute, performs drug-discovery and active-substance research; the Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC) supplies public biomedical platforms. Clinical products remain subject to medicines-agency and ethics review. This supports public upstream R&D, not public ownership of clinical-trial sponsors or resulting manufacturers.", "source_ids": [ "LV-16", "LV-17" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-008", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Pharmacy Law and medicine-price rules establish licensing and market conditions. Official business statistics identify a pharmaceutical-manufacturing industry, but the sources reviewed do not classify producers by legal owner. Public pharmaceutical manufacturing is Unknown, not absent.", "source_ids": [ "LV-13" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-009", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "NVD’s statute authorises central procurement of selected medicines and medical devices. In the oncology-plan programme, clinical university hospitals acquired imaging, surgery and radiotherapy equipment with €19.84 million in public programme funding. This establishes public procurement/investment and use at named hospitals, not public manufacture of equipment. Device-manufacturer ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-10", "LV-18" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-010", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "BMC’s strategy identifies it as a state scientific institute–derived public person; at December 2024 it recorded 165 staff, including 142 scientific personnel, with 12% base state funding and 71% competitive funding. OSI has the same public-law institutional form and a drug-discovery mission. These are supported public production-chain links in research.", "source_ids": [ "LV-16", "LV-17" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-011", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Health Care Financing Law identifies general-budget grants, the state-budget revenue linked to one percentage point of social contributions, health-insurance payments, patient co-payments, EU resources, municipal funding and institutional own revenue. NVD administers the state healthcare appropriation and pays under contracts. Under SHA, Latvia’s arrangement is classified as government scheme rather than compulsory contributory insurance: latest complete comparable data, 2023, are government 59.60%, compulsory contributory 0.00%, voluntary 5.34%, OOP 35.06%. A complete 2024 four-way split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-09", "X-BALTIC-02", "LV-10" ], "evidence_tier": "T4", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-012", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Cabinet Regulation 555 specifies organisation and public payment, including family-practice capitation and hospital rules. NVD publishes service tariffs and a recalculation route: providers/professional bodies may submit evidence; NVD evaluates cost and budget impact. Cabinet medicine-price rules govern producer/wholesale/retail formation; NVD maintains reimbursed/reference lists. Devices follow reimbursement rules where listed. Lab manipulations sit in the NVD service tariff; a distinct national lab-only price authority was not found.", "source_ids": [ "LV-11", "LV-12", "LV-13", "LV-14" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-013", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "NVD’s electronic service lets an insured person inspect state-paid services, the amount paid by the state and recorded patient co-payment. Providers must issue supporting payment documents for co-payments. This is claims/payment transparency; it does not establish facility ownership or show all wholly private care.", "source_ids": [ "LV-19" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LVA-014", "iso3": "LVA", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Cabinet/Ministry hospital-network plan sets service baskets, concentration and methodological-centre functions. NVD’s statute requires it to plan need and contract services; national programmes purchase selected major equipment. The Ministry also sets state-financed residency numbers and regional conditions. Facility-level discretion remains; universal central pre-authorisation of every major-equipment purchase is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LV-07", "LV-10", "LV-18", "LV-20" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-001", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Vilnius University offers an integrated Medicine programme; the Ministry proposed 365 state-financed medicine places for 2025/26 across institutions. Public universities therefore produce physician education under nationally influenced capacity. The reviewed sources do not provide a complete public/private share of all clinical teaching sites.", "source_ids": [ "LT-04", "LT-05" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-002", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "For 2025 the Ministry proposed 385 state-financed residency places (365 medicine and 20 dentistry) with specialty allocations; 2026 policy added regional targeting. This is direct state control of funded training capacity, distinct from the employer and legal owner of a particular residency base.", "source_ids": [ "LT-06" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-003", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "HI’s 2023 publication reports 13,951 active physicians (13,256 practising) and 22,314 active nurses and midwives. These are occupational counts, not public employment. A nationwide owner-by-employer/FTE table was not found.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-004", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "HI states that at end-2023 Lithuania had 75 state and municipal hospitals. Among responding private institutions it counted 14 hospitals; only 2,394 of 3,439 private institutions reported activity and 381 reported no activity (overall private response 80.7%). Therefore 75/89 (84.27%) is the public share only among public hospitals plus known private hospital respondents, not the national ownership share. [LT-01] For beds, the current HI detailed publication reports 21,672 total, of which 20,374 are in the SAM system excluding private institutions, 786 private, and 512 outside the combined displayed grouping. These are SAM-system/pavaldumas categories, not clean ownership. A legacy HI copy conflicts: 21,642 total and 756 private while the 20,374 figure is unchanged.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01", "LT-02", "LT-03" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "Current and legacy HI files differ by 30 total/private beds; private reporting is incomplete.", "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-005", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "HI reports 124 state/municipal ambulatory institutions and, among responding private institutions, 191 primary-care institutions. Those categories do not form a common denominator, and private non-response is material. VLK reported 383 contracted primary-care institutions for 2025; a PSDF contract is financing, not ownership. Exact primary owner and clinician employment shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01", "LT-07" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-006", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "VVKT maintains current licensed pharmacy/activity lists. HI reported 2,850 active pharmacists and 2,700 practising in 2023. The reviewed official sources do not publish a current pharmacy-establishment owner-type split, so public/private pharmacy ownership is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-01", "LT-17" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-007", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "VVKT publishes current clinical-trial records including sponsor, centres and principal investigators. LSMU’s Pharmaceutical Technologies Institute performs formulation, materials and pharmaceutical-technology research. Public operation of the institute is an upstream production link; it does not prove public ownership of sponsors or commercial outputs.", "source_ids": [ "LT-18", "LT-19" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-008", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "VVKT publishes licensed manufacturers and active-substance operators. Those lists establish authorised operation, not ownership. The reviewed material identifies public-university pharmaceutical research but no defensible nationwide owner classification or confirmed public commercial drug manufacturer. Public manufacturing is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-17", "LT-19" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "low", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-009", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "VLK centrally pays for/procures selected medicines and medical-aid devices and publishes an annual overview. Ministry investment measures finance medical equipment in designated facilities. These establish procurement, public financing and allocation; they do not establish domestic device manufacture or ownership of producers.", "source_ids": [ "LT-14", "LT-22" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-010", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Research Council of Lithuania finances biomedical collaborations involving public universities; LSMU supplies public pharmaceutical research, and Vilnius University’s Life Sciences Center operates major translational/genomics infrastructure. This is supported public R&D production. Commercialisation rights and downstream owner/profit exposure require project-specific evidence and are not generalised.", "source_ids": [ "LT-19", "LT-20" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-011", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "payment", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Health Insurance Act sets the compulsory PSD contribution and transfer into the PSDF. Employers/insured persons remit via the State Social Insurance Fund administration (Sodra/VSDF); VLK administers the PSDF and, after 2025 consolidation, is the national contracting/paying institution. The 2025 planned PSDF revenue mix was 69% economically active contributions, 26% state contributions for people insured by the state, 4% delegated state functions and 1% other. Harmonised 2024 spending shares were government 7.02%, compulsory contributory 61.64%, voluntary 1.64%, OOP 29.67%, other 0.03%. Revenue composition and spending-by-scheme are different denominators.", "source_ids": [ "LT-08", "X-BALTIC-01", "LT-09", "LT-10" ], "evidence_tier": "T4", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-012", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "VLK publishes PSDF base-price lists. Active inpatient payment uses DRGs, case-mix and a point value; other services use listed base prices/points. Drug reimbursement follows application, health/financial assessment and statutory base-price rules including external-reference and domestic price evidence. Medical-aid device methodology groups functionally comparable products and uses purchase-price evidence. Primary-care laboratory costs may be included in capitation/base payment or separately listed; a distinct lab-only national price-setter was not identified.", "source_ids": [ "LT-11", "LT-12", "LT-13", "LT-14" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-013", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "VLK’s e-service shows individuals the services and reimbursed medicines recorded for them, their cost and financing source. Official patient-rights guidance states that contracted, PSDF-covered services should not attract unjustified additional payments; 2026 rules require written disclosure for permitted patient-chosen upgrades. This is transparency and consumer protection, not evidence that every price is administratively fixed.", "source_ids": [ "LT-15", "LT-16" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LTU-014", "iso3": "LTU", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "structural", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Ministry’s health-centre investment measures direct EU/state resources to primary, specialist outpatient, day and emergency infrastructure, while the network reform concentrates high-complexity services. VLK contracts funded volumes and centrally supplies selected medicines/devices. Municipalities/providers retain project and operational roles; blanket central control of all capital purchases is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LT-07", "LT-21", "LT-22" ], "evidence_tier": null, "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Normalized directly from the original-language source-led dossier; role and denominator cautions retained." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-001", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Université du Luxembourg", "subsector": "Medical education", "claim_en": "The University of Luxembourg is an établissement public (public establishment) and offers a three-year, 180-ECTS Bachelor en Médecine. Its own career page says graduates must continue medical studies, normally through partner pathways in Belgium, France or other partner universities. Luxembourg therefore operates a domestic public undergraduate node but not a wholly domestic six-year initial-qualification chain. Unknown: a national quantified share of all Luxembourg physicians whose initial training was domestic versus imported.", "source_ids": [ "LU-03", "LU-11" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-002", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Université du Luxembourg", "subsector": "Postgraduate training", "claim_en": "The University offers three Diplômes d’études spécialisées (DES): general medicine, neurology and medical oncology. The 2024 program rules specify structured rotations and research/clinical components. This is a public-university training sponsor with accredited clinical sites; it does not mean the university owns every training hospital or employs every trainee supervisor.", "source_ids": [ "LU-04" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-003", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "Inspection générale de la sécurité sociale (IGSS)", "subsector": "Workforce", "claim_en": "IGSS administrative data for 2024 show 3,710 active doctors, of whom 3,572 were practising: 2,726 liberal, 808 salaried and 38 mixed; 771 were general practitioners. In 2025, 1,505 hospital physicians were recorded, and IGSS states most hospital physicians were not salaried but practised liberally. These are work-status classifications, not clinic or hospital ownership. Hospital employment totalled 10,413 in March 2025, another workforce measure with a different population.", "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-004", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Hospitals", "claim_en": "The 2025 Carte sanitaire records 10 hospitals and 2,686 installed beds, alongside equipment and service inventories. The hospital law and plan set service/bed maxima and ministers issue operating authorizations. The CNS–FHL convention and IGSS budget analysis show each hospital’s external budget situated within a global hospital expenditure envelope. None of these documents supplies a national ultimate-owner numerator, so public ownership remains Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LU-01", "LU-02", "LU-12", "LU-13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-005", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Ambulatory / primary care", "claim_en": "The 2024 physician-status data show a predominantly liberal physician workforce (2,726 of 3,572 practising doctors), with salaried and mixed forms also present. “Liberal” identifies professional work status, not ownership of premises, equipment or a group practice. CNS conventions make authorized physicians compulsory participants in the national tariff system. Practice ownership by public/private/clinician/corporate class: Unknown nationally.", "source_ids": [ "LU-05", "LU-14" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-006", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "IGSS", "subsector": "Pharmacies", "claim_en": "IGSS reports 104 community pharmacies and four hospital pharmacies in 2025. It describes a community-pharmacy concession held by a titular pharmacist who manages the pharmacy and bears financial responsibility. Concessionnaire/titulaire establishes operating responsibility under authorization; it does not necessarily establish ownership of the property or all capital. No complete owner-class census was found, so the public/private pharmacy ownership split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LU-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-007", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "claim_en": "The Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) describes itself as a public biomedical research establishment and its 2024 annual report documents public and competitive research funding. The University of Luxembourg is another public research/training node. Private HealthTech and biopharma firms also exist, but ecosystem counts explicitly exclude the public sector and therefore cannot be combined into a system ownership share.", "source_ids": [ "LU-07", "LU-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-008", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Luxinnovation", "subsector": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "Luxinnovation’s 2025 HealthTech map identifies biopharma firms within a private-sector mapping, but it is not a manufacturing-capacity census and explicitly omits public-sector bodies. No current Tier 1–3 evidence was found for a Luxembourg state-owned medicine manufacturer or a national public-manufacturing share. Public pharmaceutical manufacturing: Unknown; no supported producer identified.", "source_ids": [ "LU-08" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": "No missing denominator, owner class, or negative existential is inferred.", "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-009", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Devices / capital goods", "claim_en": "Luxinnovation reports device, diagnostic, software and distributor segments, but the publication maps organizations rather than manufacturing output or ownership of all production capacity. The Carte sanitaire separately inventories major clinical equipment—13 CT scanners, 13 MRI systems, eight gamma cameras, eight mammography units and two PET scanners in 2025—without identifying equipment owners. Ministerial authorization/control therefore is supported; national device-asset ownership and domestic manufacturing shares are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "LU-08", "LU-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-010", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": "Luxembourg Institute of Health", "subsector": "Healthcare research", "claim_en": "LIH is a documented public research operator; the University supplies public academic research, and hospitals participate in clinical research. These establish public sponsorship/operation, not monopoly or ownership of all research assets. LIH’s receipt of public grants does not by itself establish ownership of downstream intellectual property, manufacturers or providers unless project-specific documents say so.", "source_ids": [ "LU-07" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-011", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Insurance / financing", "claim_en": "CCSS collects affiliations and contributions; CNS administers the main insured populations, with separate public-service schemes for some officials and rail employees. IGSS says employee and employer health-maternity contribution rates are equal and the state supports 40% of contributions. For 2023, government/compulsory schemes paid 85.58% of current health expenditure, voluntary schemes 4.43%, household OOP 8.77%, and other schemes 1.22%; within the government/compulsory total, government schemes were 6.88% and compulsory contributory schemes 78.70%. Revenue contribution shares and expenditure financing shares are different measures. Collectors/pools/payers: CCSS collects; statutory funds/CNS pool and administer entitlements; CNS contracts and pays most care; separate public-employee funds cover their defined populations; the state contributes revenue and subsidizes/authorizes parts of hospital capital.", "source_ids": [ "LU-09", "LU-10", "X-BENELUX-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-012", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Price-setting", "claim_en": "Hospital: each hospital’s external budget is negotiated/agreed with CNS inside the statutory global hospital envelope, distinguishing fixed and variable costs and specific budgets. Physician: every authorized doctor is automatically and mandatorily conventioned; the CNS–AMMD convention and nomenclature determine tariffs. Adults are generally reimbursed at 88%, minors at 100%, subject to service-specific rules. Drug: a medicine must have marketing authorization, a public price and inclusion on the CNS positive list; reimbursement classes are generally 40%, 80% or 100%. Device: CNS files/nomenclatures set covered device tariffs and reimbursement conditions; extra-hospital equipment use can be paid by an official per-use forfait. No single economy-wide device factory-price rule was found.", "source_ids": [ "LU-12", "LU-13", "LU-14", "LU-16", "LU-17" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-013", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "CNS", "subsector": "Billing / transparency", "claim_en": "CNS publishes searchable nomenclature codes and normal tariffs; non-covered convenance personnelle (CP) supplements must be distinguished from reimbursable fees. Hospital charges generally flow directly between hospitals and CNS, while physician bills may remain distinct. The official tariff tool is strong transparency evidence, but it does not identify provider ownership.", "source_ids": [ "LU-15", "LU-18" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-LUX-014", "iso3": "LUX", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Capital / capacity planning", "claim_en": "The Carte sanitaire is designed to provide the data needed for health-resource/service planning; the hospital law sets national bed/service ceilings and ministers authorize establishments, services and specified equipment. Government competency rules include hospital authorizations, equipment/real-estate files and hospital-investment subsidies. CNS hospital agreements also contain project/equipment budget elements. This is a documented authorization-financing-control chain; title to individual buildings/equipment remains project specific.", "source_ids": [ "LU-01", "LU-02", "LU-19", "LU-13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-MEX-001", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Cross-source official evidence", "subsector": "hospital beds", "claim_en": "No valid unified public-bed ownership share can be calculated from the 89,562 public hospital beds and 35,899 private census beds because the source definitions and frames are incompatible.", "source_ids": [ "MX-02", "MX-03" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "The 2023 private count is verified within INEGI's ESEP frame. The public figure is repeated in an official debate but lacks a specified reference year and bed definition; they cannot form one numerator and denominator.", "method_note": "No percentage calculated." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-MEX-002", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "23 participating federal entities", "claim_en": "The reported workforce is a programme/state subset and not a national public-employment share.", "source_ids": [ "MX-04" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-MEX-003", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "total health spending", "claim_en": "Household OOP is described as about half of total health spending, with no underlying data year stated in the cited passage.", "source_ids": [ "MX-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1/2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-MEX-004", "iso3": "MEX", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capacity control", "institution": "IMSS-Bienestar", "subsector": "programme beds", "claim_en": "Central-unit authorization applies to beds within IMSS-Bienestar and is not whole-system certificate-of-need control.", "source_ids": [ "MX-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-001", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Medical education", "claim_en": "Medicine is a university bachelor/master pathway with nationally accredited degrees and institution-run curricula. Government rules allow a numerus fixus and require medicine applicants to choose only one institution in a study year; oversubscription can be resolved through selection and/or lottery. Public funding/accreditation does not settle each university or UMC’s legal ownership. A Leiden curriculum source confirms the bachelor-to-clinical-master structure, but institution-level curriculum evidence is not generalized as an ownership census.", "source_ids": [ "NL-05", "NL-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-002", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": "Capaciteitsorgaan", "subsector": "Postgraduate training", "claim_en": "Professional specialty recognition is administered through KNMG’s Registration Committee for Medical Specialists (RGS) and accredited training institutions. For designated training routes, NZa availability contributions fund positions; maximum intake allocations draw on Capaciteitsorgaan planning. This creates a public-regulatory/funding training chain while leaving training-site ownership separate. Capaciteitsorgaan forecasts workforce demand; it does not employ all trainees or own training facilities.", "source_ids": [ "NL-07" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2/3", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-003", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": "Workforce", "claim_en": "CBS counted 79,795 medically trained/working physicians in 2024 under its activity definition; a separate BIG/specialty table records 24,745 medical specialists and 23,980 basic doctors, illustrating that registration and labour-market populations differ. For GPs, CBS reports 14.0 thousand in 2024, with 1.4 thousand employee-only. Other GPs include self-employed, director-major-shareholder and mixed statuses. These workforce classifications do not identify who owns practice assets.", "source_ids": [ "NL-08", "NL-09" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-004", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Hospitals", "claim_en": "CBS records 80 non-mental-health hospital enterprises provisionally in 2024 and 25,880 available clinical specialist-care beds in 2023. UMC Utrecht states it is a public-law legal person and public-law organization and wholly owns UMC Utrecht Holding BV. That institution-specific legal chain cannot be assigned to six other UMCs or 73 other hospital enterprises without owner-level evidence. National public hospital and bed shares therefore remain Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NL-02", "NL-03", "NL-04" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-005", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": "CBS", "subsector": "Ambulatory / primary care", "claim_en": "GP care operates through practice holders, employed GPs and locum/mixed forms. The 2024 CBS employment result (14.0 thousand total; 1.4 thousand employee-only) documents a mixed labour model. CBS’s practice statistics define provider enterprises from the business register, again not the ownership of every building or practice company. The national public/private ownership split of GP practices is Unknown; no evidence found supports treating insurer contracting as insurer ownership.", "source_ids": [ "NL-09", "NL-10" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-006", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": "Stichting Farmaceutische Kengetallen (SFK)", "subsector": "Pharmacies", "claim_en": "At the end of 2023, SFK counted 1,953 community pharmacies: 585 (30%) were chain-owned, 1,045 (53 percentage points) were franchise or formula affiliated, and 323 (17%) were independent. Affiliation is not ownership. “Openbare apotheek” means community/public-facing pharmacy, not publicly owned pharmacy. Hospital pharmacies are organizational units of hospitals and inherit no assumed owner class.", "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-007", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "claim_en": "Publicly funded biomedical research is substantial through ZonMw, universities and UMCs. ZonMw’s 2024 Open Competition award funded 29 fundamental-research teams. UMC Utrecht’s clinical medicines unit supports roughly 300 trials annually and has a GMP manufacturing authorization for trial-related preparation/labelling. This directly supports a bounded public-law UMC research/manufacture link, not public ownership of national commercial R&D.", "source_ids": [ "NL-12", "NL-13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-008", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "CBS trade statistics show domestically produced exports in 2024 of about €5.10 billion of medicines and €5.16 billion of other pharmaceutical products, separated from re-exports. These are origin/value measures, not public/private ownership. A bounded public-production example exists at UMC Utrecht/Apotheek A15 for non-commercially available medicines; no national state-owned manufacturing share was found.", "source_ids": [ "NL-14", "NL-13", "NL-15" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-009", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Devices / capital goods", "claim_en": "CBS recorded €2.58 billion of Dutch-made medical-instrument exports in 2024, proving domestic production but not ownership. Medical devices are subject to Dutch implementation of EU MDR/IVDR rules; special equipment/procedures can also require Wbmv licensing. Regulation, CE/MDR compliance and Wbmv licensing are controls, not state title. Public device-manufacturing share and national device-asset ownership: Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NL-14", "NL-16", "NL-25" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-010", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Healthcare research", "claim_en": "ZonMw is a public research funder; universities/UMCs perform biomedical, clinical and health-services research. UMC Utrecht integrates statutory academic-hospital care, education and research functions, and its own pharmacy supports clinical trials. Other hospitals and private firms also research. The public share of research assets, IP or expenditure was not found on a comparable national denominator and remains Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "NL-12", "NL-04", "NL-13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-011", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Insurance / financing", "claim_en": "Everyone who lives or works in the Netherlands must take basic insurance; government defines the package, insurers have acceptance and care duties, and insurers negotiate with providers. Nominal premiums go to insurers, while income-related resources enter the Zorgverzekeringsfonds, managed/distributed through risk equalization by Zorginstituut Nederland. For 2023, government/compulsory schemes paid 82.54% of current health expenditure, voluntary schemes 5.26%, and household OOP 12.20%; government schemes were 8.08%, social health insurance 23.82%, and compulsory private insurance 50.64%. Collectors/pools/payers: insurers collect nominal premiums and pay contracted claims; the public fund receives income-related contributions/public flows; Zorginstituut manages fund/risk equalization; insurers purchase Zvw care; Wlz regional care offices administer long-term-care purchasing. A purchaser is not an owner unless separate equity/title evidence exists.", "source_ids": [ "NL-01", "NL-17", "NL-18", "X-BENELUX-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-012", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Price-setting", "claim_en": "Hospital: NZa sets fixed/maximum tariffs for regulated products; a large non-regulated specialist-care segment is negotiated between provider and insurer. DBC products structure registration and billing. Physician/GP: GP payment has three segments: registration/consultation with maximum tariffs, contracted multidisciplinary care, and result/innovation agreements; employment income inside hospitals can differ from billable tariff. Drug: a manufacturer sets a proposed/list price, Wgp caps the maximum using comparator-country prices, GVS/package decisions set outpatient coverage, and high-cost hospital medicines may enter the sluis for assessment and price negotiation. Device: reimbursement depends on benefit entitlement, insurer contracts and category-specific co-pay/tariff rules; a universal national ex-factory device pricing formula was not found. General device price formation: Unknown beyond category-specific procurement/contracting.", "source_ids": [ "NL-19", "NL-20", "NL-21", "NL-22", "NL-23" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-013", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Billing / transparency", "claim_en": "Hospital specialist care is billed through DBC care products under NZa registration/declaration rules; hospitals generally send bills to insurers, and insured persons can inspect claims in insurer portals. Negotiated prices may vary by insurer/provider. Visibility of the bill and regulated declaration format does not imply uniform prices or common ownership.", "source_ids": [ "NL-20", "NL-24" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NLD-014", "iso3": "NLD", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": "Multiple cited institutions", "subsector": "Capital / capacity planning", "claim_en": "General hospital capital is principally embedded in provider business cases, tariffs and insurer contracts rather than a single state capital-allocation plan. The state retains targeted capacity control: Wbmv lets the minister designate and license special procedures/equipment; current government licensing information lists applicable interventions. National agreements also improve capacity visibility, while specialist-training capacity is planned through Capaciteitsorgaan/RGS/NZa channels. Thus general capital, special-capacity licensing and training intake are distinct control systems.", "source_ids": [ "NL-25", "NL-07", "NL-26" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1; Tier 2/3", "confidence": "moderate", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Layer-level structural summary; ownership, financing/payment, public control, employment, and vertical integration remain separate categories." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NZL-001", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "New Zealand Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Certification lists distinguish public from private hospital providers but do not yield a comparable national facility or bed ownership fraction.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NZL-002", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora", "subsector": "general practice", "claim_en": "Most general practices operate as independent businesses and set their own patient fees despite receiving publicly funded capitation.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NZL-003", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "health system", "claim_en": "Vote Health is not total-system health expenditure, and the cited domestic page documents work to improve the broader expenditure information.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NZL-004", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "PHARMAC | Te Pātaka Whaioranga", "subsector": "medicines and devices", "claim_en": "PHARMAC negotiates funding and contract terms but does not itself buy or distribute products.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NZL-005", "iso3": "NZL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "PHARMAC", "subsector": "medical devices", "claim_en": "PHARMAC and Health New Zealand divide leadership across national device-procurement categories.", "source_ids": [ "NZ-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NOR-001", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "The state owns public hospitals through the regional health-authority structure.", "source_ids": [ "NO-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NOR-002", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Statistisk sentralbyrå", "subsector": "specialist services", "claim_en": "The captured all-sector specialist-capacity table does not isolate a public-owned numerator, so no ownership share is calculated.", "source_ids": [ "NO-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NOR-003", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Helsedirektoratet", "subsector": "general practice", "claim_en": "Most list GPs are self-employed contractors even though municipalities remain responsible for service availability.", "source_ids": [ "NO-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NOR-004", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Direktoratet for medisinske produkter", "subsector": "medicines", "claim_en": "The medicine maximum-price method uses the average of the three lowest reference prices.", "source_ids": [ "NO-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-NOR-005", "iso3": "NOR", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "procurement", "institution": "Sykehusinnkjøp HF", "subsector": "hospital medicines and devices", "claim_en": "State-owned Sykehusinnkjøp makes national agreements on behalf of health trusts.", "source_ids": [ "NO-6" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-001", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Health Minister sets institution-level admission limits; regulation of seats does not establish ownership of schools or clinical sites.", "source_ids": [ "PL-02" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-002", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "MZ allocates residency places while accredited training entities employ or contract trainees and national bodies organize recruitment and exams.", "source_ids": [ "PL-03", "PL-04" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-003", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "GUS workforce and provider tables include public and non-public entities, so public financing cannot be read as employer ownership.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-004", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "GUS’s two public creating-entity rows are exact but non-exhaustive and are not a national current legal-owner census.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-20" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-005", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ambulatory-care", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Outpatient-site and publicly financed practice counts do not classify legal owner or clinician employment.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-006", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "pharmacies", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Community-pharmacy and licensing counts do not supply a current public-owner split.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-08" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-007", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "ABM public financing of non-commercial clinical research coexists with business R&D and commercial trials.", "source_ids": [ "PL-10", "PL-21" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-008", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "BIOMED is wholly state-owned and TZF Polfa majority state-owned, proving entity-level public production but not a public share of the national industry.", "source_ids": [ "PL-11", "PL-12" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-009", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Device registrations and named state-linked firms do not establish a national public manufacturing share.", "source_ids": [ "PL-09", "PL-13", "PL-22" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-010", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "healthcare-research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "ABM, public universities, institutes, and clinical hospitals form a public research channel alongside private sponsorship.", "source_ids": [ "PL-10", "PL-21" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-011", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "ZUS and KRUS transmit contributions to the single NFZ pool; NFZ purchases and pays for covered care.", "source_ids": [ "PL-05", "PL-06" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-012", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "AOTMiT tariffs, NFZ JGP and contracts, and MZ drug/device decisions divide service and product price-setting.", "source_ids": [ "PL-14", "PL-15", "PL-16", "PL-17" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-013", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "NFZ publishes contract type, quantity, price, and maximum obligation but not patient-identifiable billing.", "source_ids": [ "PL-07", "PL-14" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-POL-014", "iso3": "POL", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Needs maps, IOWISZ, KPO competitions, and creating entities jointly shape capital; no single institution owns all capital.", "source_ids": [ "PL-18", "PL-19", "PL-20" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-PRT-001", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Portugal had 111 public, 130 private and one PPP hospital in 2023.", "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "PPP remains a separate third category." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-PRT-002", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "beds", "claim_en": "Portugal reported 24.0k public, 11.5k private and 277 PPP beds out of 35.7k in 2023.", "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Rounded components do not exactly reproduce the rounded total; no false precision." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-PRT-003", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Instituto Nacional de Estatística", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "claim_en": "The broad 63.9% public financing-agent category includes voluntary public subsystems and is not strict SHA HF1.", "source_ids": [ "PT-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Strict government/compulsory HF1 remains Unknown." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-PRT-004", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Diário da República / Governo", "subsector": "ULS", "claim_en": "Portugal integrated existing hospitals and hospital centres with ACES into public ULS EPE from 2024.", "source_ids": [ "PT-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Establishes public operation, not ownership of every upstream input." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-PRT-005", "iso3": "PRT", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Diário da República / Governo", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "The Army National Medicines Laboratory has bounded statutory authority for medicine and device R&D and production.", "source_ids": [ "PT-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Bounded military chain." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-001", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "medical-education", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "National student counts establish educational output, not ownership of every university or clinical site.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-002", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "postgraduate-training", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "MZ directs accredited specialty education, but employers, regions, insurers, trainees, and MZ residency funds can finance training.", "source_ids": [ "SK-02", "SK-03" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-003", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "workforce", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Founder-sphere workforce categories are not a legal-owner or employment-contract census.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-004", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The NCZI hospital network table supplies a current denominator but no public legal-owner numerator.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-005", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "ambulatory-care", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Provider, facility, and workplace counts do not resolve ambulatory legal ownership or clinician employment.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01", "SK-13" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-006", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "pharmacies", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Verejná lekáreň means a community pharmacy, not a publicly owned pharmacy.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-007", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "pharmaceutical-r-and-d", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "APVV and SAV/BMC establish public research funding and performance, not the public share of all pharmaceutical R&D.", "source_ids": [ "SK-06", "SK-07" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-008", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "pharmaceutical-manufacturing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "BMC SAV’s manufacturer-register entry is narrowed by the regulator to contract testing and does not establish industrial state medicine production.", "source_ids": [ "SK-05", "SK-08" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-009", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "devices-and-capital-goods", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Equipment inventories and minimum facility standards do not establish device-manufacturing ownership.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01", "SK-14" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-010", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "healthcare-research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Public research bodies and infrastructure remain separately governed from health ministries, insurers, providers, and firms.", "source_ids": [ "SK-06", "SK-07" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-011", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Public health insurance is performed by three licensed joint-stock insurers: one state-owned and two private.", "source_ids": [ "SK-09", "SK-10", "SK-11", "SK-12" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-012", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "DRG methods, insurer contracts, and MZ drug/device categorization divide price-setting authority.", "source_ids": [ "SK-17", "SK-18", "SK-19" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-013", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "billing-transparency", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Insurer and regulator disclosure supports aggregate and contractual transparency, not an open line-level patient claims file.", "source_ids": [ "SK-10", "SK-20", "SK-21" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVK-014", "iso3": "SVK", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "capital-planning", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "MZ has strong network and capital-planning authority without thereby owning every hospital or project.", "source_ids": [ "SK-22", "SK-23", "SK-24" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-001", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "NIJZ / Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Public-health-institute/founder form supports the 26/29 hospital and 8,412/8,490 bed measures, but not legal title to every parcel or asset.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-01", "SVN-02" ], "evidence_tier": "T1/T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "The hospital fractions are organizational/founder-form ratios, not asset-title ratios.", "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-002", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "NIJZ", "subsector": "hospital beds", "claim_en": "NIJZ hospital bed capacity is not assumed definition-identical to Greece's deployed beds or Hungary's operating beds.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-01" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-003", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "capacity/employment", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "primary and ambulatory care", "claim_en": "ZZZS calculated-doctor capacities are financing/capacity units, not persons or employment headcounts.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-004", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status/financing", "institution": "ZZZS", "subsector": "contracted providers", "claim_en": "The 1,345 private concessionaires versus 201 public institutes count does not measure output; public institutes received 85.79% of the cited funds.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-005", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "SURS", "subsector": "current health expenditure", "claim_en": "Derived government, voluntary and other-private shares retain rounding uncertainty because SURS reports rounded 85.5/14.5 and private-subshare percentages.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-05" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-006", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing/ownership", "institution": "JAZMP", "subsector": "medicines and devices", "claim_en": "Manufacturer registration establishes regulated operators, not domestic output, beneficial ownership or public share.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-12" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-007", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "ARIS", "subsector": "research", "claim_en": "ARIS and state-budget figures cover all science/R&D fields and are not converted into biomedical-only public spending or performer shares.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-11" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SVN-008", "iso3": "SVN", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "ZTM", "subsector": "blood/plasma chain", "claim_en": "ZTM establishes a bounded public blood/component and plasma-derived-medicine chain; it cannot be generalized to wider pharmaceutical manufacturing.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-10" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ESP-001", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "control", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "The CNH category is functional dependence independently of management form, not ownership.", "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Do not relabel the 45.6% hospital or 68.1% installed-bed ratios as public ownership." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ESP-002", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "capacity", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "installed beds", "claim_en": "The audited CNH 2025 figures are 159,679 total installed beds and 108,799 under public functional dependence.", "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": "An alternative 159,891/107,954 pair was not reproduced; SIAE operational-network figures are also non-combinable.", "method_note": "No averaging or blending." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ESP-003", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "postgraduate medical training", "claim_en": "The 2026 press headline says 9,276 medicine posts, but its 8,998 public and 280 private components sum to 9,278. No total is silently repaired.", "source_ids": [], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "conflicted", "conflict_note": "Two-place internal contradiction in the ministry press note.", "method_note": "Preserved as conflict, not normalized to either total." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ESP-004", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "Ministerio de Sanidad", "subsector": "health expenditure", "claim_en": "Public health expenditure was €105.145bn of €142.773bn total in 2023, or 73.6%.", "source_ids": [ "ES-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "The retrieved private total does not isolate pure OOP." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-ESP-005", "iso3": "ESP", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Ministerio de Defensa", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "CEMILFARDEF is a bounded publicly owned military pharmaceutical laboratory.", "source_ids": [ "ES-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Not the civilian SNS supply chain." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SWE-001", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "operator-status", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "subsector": "primary care", "claim_en": "Private operation accounted for 47 percent of health centres in 2024; this is an operator share, not a financing or asset-ownership share.", "source_ids": [ "SE-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SWE-002", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner", "subsector": "physicians", "claim_en": "Regional physician employment statistics exclude privately employed contractor staff, so public employment and private provider operation can coexist.", "source_ids": [ "SE-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Official landing page verifies the table series/frame; exact Table B counts await an archived file." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SWE-003", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Finansdepartementet/Regeringskansliet", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "APL is 100 percent state-owned.", "source_ids": [ "SE-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SWE-004", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "manufacturing", "institution": "Apotek Produktion & Laboratorier", "subsector": "pharmaceutical manufacturing", "claim_en": "APL manufactures and supplies extemporaneous medicines, establishing actual public production rather than only research or procurement.", "source_ids": [ "SE-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T3", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-SWE-005", "iso3": "SWE", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "Tandvårds- och läkemedelsförmånsverket", "subsector": "reimbursed medicines", "claim_en": "TLV decides price and reimbursement for covered outpatient medicines; this does not describe every hospital net price.", "source_ids": [ "SE-6" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-01", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 1, "dimension": "Medical education", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "The Medizinalberufegesetz regulates university education and the federal examination nationally. Swissuniversities reported 2,195 first-year human-medicine places for 2024/25; capacity is constrained by cost and clinical training places. A medical diploma requires six years/at least 5,500 hours. Confederation regulates/recognizes; universities teach; cantonal/university hospitals and other sites provide clinical capacity. Public-law university status, sponsorship and clinical-site ownership remain separate.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-02", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "Postgraduate training", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Federal accreditation applies to postgraduate programmes in university medical professions; SIWF organizes physician postgraduate curricula/recognition within this framework. BAG/EDI accreditation is public control; SIWF is a professional institution; individual hospitals/practices employ and train. Accreditation does not establish ownership of a training site.", "source_ids": [ "S3" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-03", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "Workforce", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Official statistics reported 377,091 health-sector FTE in the latest compiled sector view: hospitals 189,008 (2024), nursing homes 106,104 (2024), physician practices/ambulatory centres 50,978 (2022), Spitex 31,001 (2024). MedReg supplies registered professional data. Mixed reference years prohibit a same-year ownership/employment total. Registry status does not show employer or FTE; the practice figure includes employees in heterogeneous legal forms.", "source_ids": [ "S4", "S5" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-04", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "Hospitals", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "BFS/PXWeb reports 270 hospitals and 37,792 beds for 2024. Hospital planning and list admission are cantonal; listed hospitals may be public, private or subsidized. The historical/current BFS class öffentlich oder subventioniert is contaminated for ownership because it can include a private hospital with public operating contribution/deficit guarantee. No clean current owner numerator was located, so public hospitals/beds are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S6", "S7", "S8", "C1" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-05", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 5, "dimension": "Ambulatory / primary care", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "At Dec 2021 BFS counted 13,931 practices/ambulatory centres with own infrastructure. Solo enterprises are owned by self-employed doctors; other common forms include AG/GmbH. Cantons admit providers/facilities to compulsory insurance and can limit numbers by specialty/region. A physician employed by an ambulatory institution is not the KVG provider in that capacity; the admitted institution is. Legal form, insurer admission, employment and ultimate owner are separate. Current national public-owner and employment denominators are Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S9", "S10" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-06", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 6, "dimension": "Pharmacies", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "PharmaSuisse reported 1,830 pharmacies at 31 Dec 2024; 36% of member pharmacies belonged to chains, while many independent members belonged to group/purchasing arrangements but remained independent. Chain membership, purchasing group and legal ownership are distinct. PharmaSuisse membership is not the universe's owner census; no clean public-owner share was located. Cantonal authorization/professional rules do not confer public ownership.", "source_ids": [ "S11" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 3", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-07", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 7, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical R&D", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Swissmedic authorized/oversees clinical trials and therapeutic products. The SNSF committed CHF961m regular funds and CHF189m transition funding in 2024; 34% of regular funding went to life sciences. Life sciences is broader than pharmaceutical R&D; SNSF funding is sponsorship, not ownership or industrial manufacture. A current official national public/private pharmaceutical-R&D split is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S12", "S13" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-08", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "Pharmaceutical manufacturing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Swissmedic's SwissGMDP database records licensed actors/sites/activities; its 2024 report counted 1,111 operating authorizations across regulated activities. The Army Pharmacy has manufacture/import/wholesale/export authorizations and production facilities. An authorization count is not a manufacturer, plant, output or ownership denominator. The Army Pharmacy is a public bounded producer for army/emergency tasks. A civilian national public-manufacturing share is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S12", "S14" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-09", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 9, "dimension": "Devices / capital goods", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Swiss device law aligns substantially with EU conformity structures; Swissmedic conducts market surveillance. MiGeL sets maximum reimbursement amounts for specified home-use means/devices. Cantonal hospital planning and tariff/capital rules influence hospital equipment investment. Market authorization/surveillance and reimbursement ceilings do not identify manufacturer ownership or procurement price. No current official national public/private device-production split was located.", "source_ids": [ "S15", "S16", "S24" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-10", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 10, "dimension": "Healthcare research", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "SNSF's 2024 regular awards were split 34% life sciences and CHF647m to universities/CHF314m to the ETH domain; BAG also commissions departmental research. Sponsor, performer and owner/IP holder differ. Life sciences is not identical to healthcare/biomedical research. A harmonized current public biomedical-R&D denominator is Unknown.", "source_ids": [ "S13", "S17" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-11", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "Insurance / financing", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Health-system cost was nearly CHF97bn in 2024. Official financing presentation attributes 40.7% to household insurance premiums (“indirect”), 21.3% to direct household/OOP payments, and 31.3% to government, mainly cantons; remaining sources are not itemized in that release. Authorized OKP insurers collect premiums and pay benefits; the Gemeinsame Einrichtung KVG runs risk equalization; cantons co-finance hospitals and premium reductions and run planning. Premium payers, insurers, the risk-equalization institution, cantons and providers are separate. The quoted 40.7% is premiums, not all compulsory financing; 31.3% is public financing, not public provider ownership. The three displayed shares sum to 93.3%, so the residual must not be guessed.", "source_ids": [ "S18", "S19", "S25", "S26" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-12", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "Price-setting", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Listed inpatient care uses national SwissDRG tariff structures/cost weights with hospital-specific base rates negotiated by insurers/providers and approved or set by cantons. From 2026 ambulatory medical services use TARDOC and ambulatory bundles. BAG sets maximum reimbursed prices for SL medicines using therapeutic and external-price comparison; MiGeL has reimbursement maxima. SwissDRG structure, base-rate negotiation, canton approval and canton ownership are different. Drug market authorization (Swissmedic) is separate from reimbursement/listing (BAG). Device reimbursement maximum is not a factory or procurement price.", "source_ids": [ "S16", "S20", "S21", "S22" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-13", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 13, "dimension": "Billing / transparency", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "In tiers payant the provider bills the insurer, and the patient normally receives a copy; cost-sharing remains with the patient. BAG publishes hospital case-cost data by site as orientation for tariff formation. Invoice visibility is not full negotiated-price/cost transparency. Published case cost is not necessarily the tariff or payment. The payer route does not identify owner.", "source_ids": [ "S19", "S23" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-CHE-14", "iso3": "CHE", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "Capital / capacity planning", "institution": null, "subsector": null, "claim_en": "Cantons determine population needs and hospital lists; listed-hospital inpatient payments are split at least 55% canton and at most 45% insurer. A 2026 federal report examines hospital investment and canton planning, noting substantial high-cost equipment availability. List authority and co-financing do not prove canton ownership. Investment is intended to be reflected in tariffs, while cantons plan capacity; asset ownership remains hospital-specific. No general national quota/licence for every equipment class was established.", "source_ids": [ "S8", "S24" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership, financing/payment, public control and vertical integration kept separate." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-TUR-001", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "The official university-hospital category mixes public and private ownership and is not automatically classified public.", "source_ids": [ "TR-01" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-TUR-002", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "SGK", "subsector": "compulsory reimbursement", "claim_en": "SUT defines reimbursable services, drugs, and amounts/lists; it does not set all cash-market prices.", "source_ids": [ "TR-03", "TR-04" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-TUR-003", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 14, "dimension": "operation/procurement", "institution": "Bursa City Hospital", "subsector": "PPP support services", "claim_en": "PPP clinical-support and support-service contracts do not reclassify the public clinical hospital as privately owned.", "source_ids": [ "TR-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 2", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-TUR-004", "iso3": "TUR", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training authority", "institution": "Ministry of Health", "subsector": "training/research hospitals", "claim_en": "Law No. 3359 permits Ministry health facilities and university medical or dental training institutions to share personnel, finance, facilities, equipment, and other resources for education, research, and care delivery. This establishes a statutory joint-use mechanism, not a current residency-seat share.", "source_ids": [ "TR-06" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GBR-001", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Office for National Statistics, Freedom of Information", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "ONS does not hold a UK hospitals database that can answer the requested ownership and bed question, so a UK-wide ownership fraction is unknown.", "source_ids": [ "UK-2" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GBR-002", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "Department of Health", "subsector": "hospitals", "claim_en": "Most NHS services and hospitals in England belong to NHS trusts, but this older England-specific structural evidence is not a current UK ownership census.", "source_ids": [ "UK-3" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GBR-003", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 3, "dimension": "employment", "institution": "NHS England", "subsector": "general practice", "claim_en": "In England, GP individuals and partnerships hold NHS contracts; NHS financing does not establish public ownership of the practice business.", "source_ids": [ "UK-5" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GBR-004", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "NHS England", "subsector": "secondary care", "claim_en": "The NHS Payment Scheme governs commissioner-provider payment in England and must not be generalized as a UK-wide payment system.", "source_ids": [ "UK-4" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-GBR-005", "iso3": "GBR", "layer_id": 8, "dimension": "integration", "institution": "Department of Health and Social Care/NHSBT", "subsector": "blood components", "claim_en": "NHS Blood and Transplant is a public special health authority for England and Wales; its blood role is not UK-wide conventional-drug manufacture.", "source_ids": [ "UK-6" ], "evidence_tier": "T1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-USA-001", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 4, "dimension": "ownership", "institution": "AHRQ HCUP", "subsector": "2023 NIS sampling frame", "claim_en": "The 4,181-hospital 2023 NIS Hospital File is a sampling frame covering 45 states plus DC, not a demonstrated national count. Its ownership frequencies include eligible specialty hospitals but exclude federal, rehabilitation, long-term acute-care, and institutional hospital units.", "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "medium", "verification_status": "partial", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": "Ownership percentages are unweighted composition of the NIS file, not national estimates." }, { "claim_id": "CLM-USA-002", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 2, "dimension": "training finance", "institution": "CMS/Medicare", "subsector": "graduate medical education", "claim_en": "DGME and IME finance approved training costs and teaching-hospital adjustments without establishing public hospital ownership.", "source_ids": [ "US-06", "US-07" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-USA-003", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 11, "dimension": "financing", "institution": "CMS", "subsector": "national health expenditure", "claim_en": "Payer and sponsor categories use different frames, so the cited values do not directly yield one government/compulsory financing share.", "source_ids": [ "US-03" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null }, { "claim_id": "CLM-USA-004", "iso3": "USA", "layer_id": 12, "dimension": "price-setting", "institution": "CMS/Medicare", "subsector": "hospital and physician services", "claim_en": "IPPS and PFS are administered Medicare prices, not national all-payer prices.", "source_ids": [ "US-04", "US-05" ], "evidence_tier": "Tier 1", "confidence": "high", "verification_status": "verified", "conflict_note": null, "method_note": null } ], "terminology": [ { "iso3": "AUS", "term_original": "bulk billing", "literal_meaning": "provider bills Medicare directly", "functional_meaning": "provider accepts benefit as full fee", "source_ids": [ "AU-5" ] }, { "iso3": "AUS", "term_original": "Local Hospital Network (LHN)", "literal_meaning": "local hospital network", "functional_meaning": "state-authorized hospital service manager", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "AUS", "term_original": "Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS)", "literal_meaning": "schedule of Medicare benefits", "functional_meaning": "federal outpatient benefit/tariff list", "source_ids": [ "AU-5" ] }, { "iso3": "AUS", "term_original": "National Efficient Price (NEP)", "literal_meaning": "national efficient price", "functional_meaning": "activity-based federal contribution benchmark", "source_ids": [ "AU-4" ] }, { "iso3": "AUS", "term_original": "PBS", "literal_meaning": "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme", "functional_meaning": "subsidized outpatient medicines program", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Arzneimittelbetrieb", "literal_meaning": "medicines establishment", "functional_meaning": "licensed regulated actor/site, not necessarily manufacturer or owner category", "source_ids": [ "A14" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Ausbildungsstätte", "literal_meaning": "training site", "functional_meaning": "legally approved postgraduate training provider", "source_ids": [ "A4" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Basisausbildung", "literal_meaning": "basic training", "functional_meaning": "initial common postgraduate clinical phase", "source_ids": [ "A3" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "berufsausübend", "literal_meaning": "practising professionally", "functional_meaning": "active register headcount, not FTE", "source_ids": [ "A5" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Betriebsbewilligung", "literal_meaning": "operating authorization", "functional_meaning": "statutory licence, not ownership", "source_ids": [ "A11" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Bruttoinlandsausgaben für F&E", "literal_meaning": "gross domestic R&D expenditure", "functional_meaning": "all-sector GERD, not biomedical R&D", "source_ids": [ "A13" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Diplomstudium", "literal_meaning": "diploma course", "functional_meaning": "integrated qualifying medical degree", "source_ids": [ "A1" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Erstattungskodex (EKO)", "literal_meaning": "reimbursement code", "functional_meaning": "social-insurance reimbursable medicine list/conditions", "source_ids": [ "A18" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Fondskrankenanstalt / Fondsspital", "literal_meaning": "fund hospital", "functional_meaning": "hospital financed through the Land health-fund/LKF channel; financing class, not owner class", "source_ids": [ "A16" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Großgeräteplan", "literal_meaning": "major-equipment plan", "functional_meaning": "planned locations/capacity bands for specified high-cost equipment", "source_ids": [ "A22" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Kassenarzt / Wahlarzt", "literal_meaning": "fund doctor / doctor of choice", "functional_meaning": "contracted physician / non-contracted private physician with possible reimbursement; contract status, not employment or ownership", "source_ids": [ "A7", "A19" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Kassenvertrag", "literal_meaning": "fund contract", "functional_meaning": "contract to provide statutory-insurance services", "source_ids": [ "A7" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Konformitätsbewertung", "literal_meaning": "conformity assessment", "functional_meaning": "manufacturer/notified-body route to CE market access", "source_ids": [ "A15" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Landesgesundheitsfonds", "literal_meaning": "Land health fund", "functional_meaning": "pooled Land-level fund-hospital payer/planning body", "source_ids": [ "A16" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Leistungsorientierte Krankenanstaltenfinanzierung (LKF)", "literal_meaning": "performance-oriented hospital financing", "functional_meaning": "activity/case-based fund-hospital payment; operating payment, not capital ownership", "source_ids": [ "A16" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Leistungsvereinbarung", "literal_meaning": "performance agreement", "functional_meaning": "federal-university capacity/funding contract", "source_ids": [ "A2" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "multiprofessionelle Gruppenpraxis", "literal_meaning": "multiprofessional group practice", "functional_meaning": "physician-majority PVE company form", "source_ids": [ "A8" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Primärversorgungseinheit", "literal_meaning": "primary-care unit", "functional_meaning": "contracted multidisciplinary centre/network", "source_ids": [ "A9" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Rechtsträger", "literal_meaning": "legal bearer", "functional_meaning": "legally responsible hospital entity or sponsor, not necessarily ultimate owner or operator", "source_ids": [ "C3" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "tatsächlich aufgestellte Betten", "literal_meaning": "actually installed beds", "functional_meaning": "beds available on annual average for at least six months", "source_ids": [ "A6" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Wahlarzt", "literal_meaning": "doctor of choice", "functional_meaning": "non-contracted private physician whose patient may claim partial reimbursement", "source_ids": [ "A19" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Wahlarztrechnung", "literal_meaning": "elective-physician invoice", "functional_meaning": "patient-paid claim submitted for statutory reimbursement", "source_ids": [ "A20" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Zulassung", "literal_meaning": "authorization", "functional_meaning": "permission to market a medicine", "source_ids": [ "A12" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "öffentliche Apotheke", "literal_meaning": "public/open pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "licensed community pharmacy, not public owner", "source_ids": [ "A10" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "öffentliche Gesundheitsausgaben", "literal_meaning": "public health expenditure", "functional_meaning": "combined government and social-insurance category", "source_ids": [ "A17" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "Öffentlichkeitsrecht", "literal_meaning": "public-law entitlement", "functional_meaning": "hospital status, not owner", "source_ids": [ "C3" ] }, { "iso3": "AUT", "term_original": "ÖSG/RSG", "literal_meaning": "national/regional health structure plan", "functional_meaning": "coordinated service-capacity plans", "source_ids": [ "A21" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "budget des moyens financiers (BMF) / budget van financiële middelen (BFM)", "literal_meaning": "budget of financial means", "functional_meaning": "Federally calculated hospital operating-budget component; Category caution: Not total hospital revenue and not ownership", "source_ids": [ "BE-03" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "conventionné / geconventioneerd", "literal_meaning": "convention-bound", "functional_meaning": "Provider adhering to negotiated official tariffs; Category caution: Does not describe ownership", "source_ids": [ "BE-20", "BE-22" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "hôpital général / algemeen ziekenhuis", "literal_meaning": "general hospital", "functional_meaning": "Accredited general-hospital entity, possibly across several sites; Category caution: Entity/site distinction; excludes other hospital classes", "source_ids": [ "BE-01" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "lit agréé / erkend bed", "literal_meaning": "accredited/recognized bed", "functional_meaning": "Legally accredited capacity unit; Category caution: Not an owned asset count by owner class", "source_ids": [ "BE-01" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "maison médicale / wijkgezondheidscentrum", "literal_meaning": "medical house / neighborhood health centre", "functional_meaning": "Multidisciplinary primary-care organization, sometimes capitated; Category caution: Financing model and operator form require separate classification", "source_ids": [ "BE-09", "BE-10" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "mutualité / ziekenfonds", "literal_meaning": "mutual-aid fund", "functional_meaning": "Recognized compulsory-insurance claims payer; Category caution: Not automatically a provider or hospital owner", "source_ids": [ "BE-18", "BE-19" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "nomenclature / nomenclatuur", "literal_meaning": "nomenclature", "functional_meaning": "Statutory list of billable services, fees and reimbursement conditions; Category caution: Code/tariff rule, not employment contract", "source_ids": [ "BE-21" ] }, { "iso3": "BEL", "term_original": "programmation / programmatie", "literal_meaning": "programming", "functional_meaning": "Public capacity ceiling/allocation framework; Category caution: Control, not ownership", "source_ids": [ "BE-02", "BE-26" ] }, { "iso3": "CAN", "term_original": "factory-gate price", "literal_meaning": "ex-manufacturer transaction price", "functional_meaning": "PMPRB regulatory level", "source_ids": [ "CA-4" ] }, { "iso3": "CAN", "term_original": "Medicare", "literal_meaning": "publicly funded provincial/territorial health insurance", "functional_meaning": "not a single federal payer", "source_ids": [ "CA-2", "CA-3" ] }, { "iso3": "CAN", "term_original": "pCPA", "literal_meaning": "pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance", "functional_meaning": "collective public-plan negotiator", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CAN", "term_original": "provincial health insurance plan", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statutory provincial payer", "source_ids": [ "CA-2", "CA-3" ] }, { "iso3": "CAN", "term_original": "public administration", "literal_meaning": "public, nonprofit administration of the insurance plan", "functional_meaning": "does not mean providers are publicly owned", "source_ids": [ "CA-3" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "APS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Atención Primaria de Salud, primary health care", "source_ids": [ "CL-01", "CL-02" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "CENABAST", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Central de Abastecimiento del Sistema Nacional de Servicios de Salud, centralized supply/procurement agency", "source_ids": [ "CL-01", "CL-02", "CL-03", "CL-04", "CL-07" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "Copago Cero", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "zero copayment in the covered public network", "source_ids": [ "CL-09" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "EDF", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Destination and Training Stage", "source_ids": [ "CL-06" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "FONASA", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Fondo Nacional de Salud, national public health fund", "source_ids": [ "CL-05", "CL-08", "CL-09" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "precio máximo de venta al público", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "maximum retail sale price", "source_ids": [ "CL-03", "CL-04" ] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "prestador institucional abierto/cerrado", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "ambulatory / inpatient institutional provider", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CHL", "term_original": "SNSS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Sistema Nacional de Servicios de Salud, national health-services system", "source_ids": [ "CL-01", "CL-02" ] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "ADRES", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Administradora de los Recursos del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, central resource administrator", "source_ids": [ "CO-02", "CO-03", "CO-04" ] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "autonomía sanitaria", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "health sovereignty/autonomy", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "EPS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Entidad Promotora de Salud, insurer/benefit manager", "source_ids": [ "CO-05" ] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "giro directo", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "direct transfer from ADRES to providers", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "IPS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud, provider institution", "source_ids": [ "CO-01", "CO-02" ] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "ReTHUS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Registro Único Nacional del Talento Humano en Salud", "source_ids": [ "CO-07" ] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "régimen contributivo/subsidiado", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "contributory/subsidized regime", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "COL", "term_original": "UPC", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Unidad de Pago por Capitación, risk-adjusted capitation payment", "source_ids": [ "CO-03", "CO-04", "CO-05" ] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "CCSS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, social insurance institution and major provider", "source_ids": [ "CR-01", "CR-02", "CR-03", "CR-04", "CR-05", "CR-06", "CR-08", "CR-09" ] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "CENDEISSS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Centro de Desarrollo Estratégico e Información en Salud y Seguridad Social, CCSS training/planning center", "source_ids": [ "CR-04", "CR-05", "CR-06" ] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "código presupuestario", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "funded/budgeted post", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "EBAIS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Equipo Básico de Atención Integral en Salud, basic comprehensive-care team", "source_ids": [ "CR-03", "CR-08" ] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "EDUS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Expediente Digital Único en Salud, unified digital health record", "source_ids": [ "CR-03" ] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "LOM", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Lista Oficial de Medicamentos", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "SEM", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Seguro de Enfermedad y Maternidad, sickness/maternity insurance", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CRI", "term_original": "área de salud", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "health area", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "dohodovací řízení", "literal_meaning": "agreement procedure", "functional_meaning": "negotiations between payer and provider representatives preceding annual payment rules Ownership caution: Negotiating power is not ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "fakultní nemocnice", "literal_meaning": "faculty hospital", "functional_meaning": "hospital established by the Ministry of Health with teaching/research duties Ownership caution: Public operation is supported entity-by-entity; the label is not a national ownership denominator.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "hrazené služby", "literal_meaning": "covered services", "functional_meaning": "benefits payable from statutory insurance Ownership caution: Coverage is not public provision.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-08" ] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "lůžko akutní péče", "literal_meaning": "acute-care bed", "functional_meaning": "staffed/available acute hospital capacity in the stated statistical series Ownership caution: Bed count does not identify title holder.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "poskytovatel zdravotních služeb", "literal_meaning": "provider of health services", "functional_meaning": "licensed legal or natural person responsible for service delivery Ownership caution: May operate publicly financed care without public ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "příspěvková organizace", "literal_meaning": "contributory organization", "functional_meaning": "public-law organizational form linked to a public founder and budget Ownership caution: Strong public-control signal, but facility and real-estate title still require entity evidence.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "samostatná ordinace", "literal_meaning": "independent office", "functional_meaning": "statistical provider/office type outside a hospital organization Ownership caution: “Independent” describes organization, not necessarily clinician ownership or self-employment.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "veřejné zdravotní pojištění", "literal_meaning": "public health insurance", "functional_meaning": "compulsory statutory scheme administered by seven legal-person insurers Ownership caution: “Public” describes the scheme; it does not make every provider publicly owned.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-07" ] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "zvláštní účet", "literal_meaning": "special account", "functional_meaning": "VZP-administered risk-adjustment redistribution account Ownership caution: VZP administers the pool; that does not make VZP the sole payer.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-07" ] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "zřizovatel", "literal_meaning": "founder/establisher", "functional_meaning": "public or private body recorded as establishing/constituting an organization Ownership caution: Not necessarily current legal owner, operator, or loss bearer.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-04" ] }, { "iso3": "CZE", "term_original": "úhradová vyhláška", "literal_meaning": "reimbursement decree", "functional_meaning": "annual MZ decree setting point values, reimbursements, and limits where contracting rules require it Ownership caution: A price/reimbursement rule, not provider control.", "source_ids": [ "CZ-08" ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "term_original": "almen praksis", "literal_meaning": "general practice", "functional_meaning": "first-contact GP sector", "source_ids": [ "DK-2" ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "term_original": "region", "literal_meaning": "region", "functional_meaning": "elected hospital owner/payer", "source_ids": [ "DK-3", "DK-5" ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "term_original": "regionsklinik", "literal_meaning": "regional clinic", "functional_meaning": "region-run primary clinic", "source_ids": [ "DK-2" ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "term_original": "selvstændigt praktiserende læge", "literal_meaning": "self-employed practising doctor", "functional_meaning": "independent contractor", "source_ids": [ "DK-2" ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "term_original": "takstsystem", "literal_meaning": "tariff system", "functional_meaning": "DRG/payment rules", "source_ids": [ "DK-4" ] }, { "iso3": "DNK", "term_original": "udbud", "literal_meaning": "tender", "functional_meaning": "competitive procurement", "source_ids": [ "DK-5" ] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "avalik sektor", "literal_meaning": "public sector", "functional_meaning": "TAI owner category; boundary: Not interchangeable with public financing", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "eraõiguslik teenuseosutaja", "literal_meaning": "private-law service provider", "functional_meaning": "Provider organised under private law; boundary: Does not prove private beneficial ownership; a public body can own a company/foundation", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "omanik / omaniku liik", "literal_meaning": "owner / type of owner", "functional_meaning": "TAI ownership classification; public where state/municipal capital participation is at least 50%; boundary: Strong ownership evidence only where TAI methodology applies", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "perearstiabiasutus", "literal_meaning": "family-doctor-care establishment", "functional_meaning": "Primary-care provider organisation; boundary: Establishment ownership is not clinician employment status", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "piirhind", "literal_meaning": "limit/ceiling price", "functional_meaning": "Reference or maximum reimbursable price; boundary: Patient may pay above it", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "raviarve", "literal_meaning": "treatment bill/claim", "functional_meaning": "Electronic provider claim and patient-visible cost record; boundary: Not necessarily an invoice paid directly by the patient", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "ravikindlustus", "literal_meaning": "health insurance", "functional_meaning": "Compulsory public health-insurance arrangement; boundary: Not a voluntary commercial policy", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "ravivoodi", "literal_meaning": "treatment bed", "functional_meaning": "Staffed hospital bed in the official annual return; boundary: Count follows TAI reporting scope", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "EST", "term_original": "Tervisekassa", "literal_meaning": "Health Fund", "functional_meaning": "Statutory public-law national pool, purchaser, and payer; boundary: Not the legal owner of contracted providers merely by paying them", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "FIN", "term_original": "hyvinvointialue", "literal_meaning": "wellbeing area", "functional_meaning": "statutory county-level organizer/payer", "source_ids": [ "FI-3", "FI-4" ] }, { "iso3": "FIN", "term_original": "kohtuullinen tukkuhinta", "literal_meaning": "reasonable wholesale price", "functional_meaning": "Hila reimbursement price condition", "source_ids": [ "FI-5" ] }, { "iso3": "FIN", "term_original": "lainanottovaltuus", "literal_meaning": "borrowing authorization", "functional_meaning": "central capital-control gate", "source_ids": [ "FI-4" ] }, { "iso3": "FIN", "term_original": "sairaalansija", "literal_meaning": "hospital-bed place", "functional_meaning": "in this series a patient-day-derived bed equivalent", "source_ids": [ "FI-1" ] }, { "iso3": "FIN", "term_original": "sairaanhoitopiiri", "literal_meaning": "hospital district", "functional_meaning": "legacy municipal hospital consortium", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "FRA", "term_original": "MCO", "literal_meaning": "medicine, surgery, obstetrics/odontology", "functional_meaning": "acute somatic bed scope; not all hospital beds", "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ] }, { "iso3": "FRA", "term_original": "secteur 1 / secteur 2", "literal_meaning": "sector 1 / sector 2", "functional_meaning": "convention-fee adherence / permitted extra billing", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "FRA", "term_original": "sous-traitance", "literal_meaning": "subcontracting", "functional_meaning": "third-party physical production while public stewardship may remain", "source_ids": [ "FR-3" ] }, { "iso3": "FRA", "term_original": "établissement public de santé", "literal_meaning": "public health establishment", "functional_meaning": "statutory public hospital entity", "source_ids": [ "FR-1" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "an der Versorgung teilnehmen", "literal_meaning": "participate in care", "functional_meaning": "authorized statutory ambulatory participant", "source_ids": [ "D6" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Approbation", "literal_meaning": "licence/approval", "functional_meaning": "unrestricted state licence to practise medicine", "source_ids": [ "D1" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "aufgestellte Betten", "literal_meaning": "installed beds", "functional_meaning": "annual-average available beds in hospital statistics", "source_ids": [ "D4" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Ausgabenträger", "literal_meaning": "expenditure bearer/payer", "functional_meaning": "institution ultimately paying in the account, not financing source or owner", "source_ids": [ "D15" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Bedarfsplan", "literal_meaning": "needs plan", "functional_meaning": "regional/specialty statutory-care capacity/admission plan", "source_ids": [ "D7" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Bundeswehrapotheke", "literal_meaning": "armed-forces pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "bounded military pharmacy/logistics/manufacturing node", "source_ids": [ "D12" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "duale Finanzierung", "literal_meaning": "dual finance", "functional_meaning": "Länder capital and insurer operating-payment channels", "source_ids": [ "D17" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Erstattungsbetrag", "literal_meaning": "reimbursement amount", "functional_meaning": "negotiated GKV price after added-benefit assessment", "source_ids": [ "D19" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben", "literal_meaning": "R&D expenditure", "functional_meaning": "all-sector GERD, not health-specific", "source_ids": [ "D10" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Freigemeinnützig", "literal_meaning": "independent nonprofit", "functional_meaning": "nonprofit/private hospital sponsor; must not be folded into public ownership", "source_ids": [ "D4" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "frühe Nutzenbewertung", "literal_meaning": "early benefit assessment", "functional_meaning": "post-launch comparative assessment for reimbursement negotiation", "source_ids": [ "D23" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Gesamtvergütung", "literal_meaning": "total remuneration", "functional_meaning": "regional sickness-fund payment to KV for statutory ambulatory services", "source_ids": [ "D18" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Gesundheitsfonds", "literal_meaning": "health fund", "functional_meaning": "central GKV contribution/tax pool allocating risk-adjusted amounts; pool, not insurer or provider", "source_ids": [ "D16" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Gesundheitsforschung", "literal_meaning": "health research", "functional_meaning": "broad public research programme, not pharmaceutical R&D alone", "source_ids": [ "D9" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Gesundheitspersonalrechnung", "literal_meaning": "health personnel accounts", "functional_meaning": "cross-sector employment/FTE statistical account", "source_ids": [ "D3" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Herstellungserlaubnis", "literal_meaning": "manufacturing authorization", "functional_meaning": "regulator licence, not ownership", "source_ids": [ "D11" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Hilfsmittel-Festbetrag", "literal_meaning": "assistive-device fixed amount", "functional_meaning": "maximum reimbursable/contract price for group", "source_ids": [ "D14" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "inhabergeführt", "literal_meaning": "owner-managed", "functional_meaning": "pharmacist proprietor model", "source_ids": [ "D8" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Konformitätsbewertung", "literal_meaning": "conformity assessment", "functional_meaning": "manufacturer/notified-body market-access process", "source_ids": [ "D13" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ)", "literal_meaning": "medical care centre", "functional_meaning": "licensed multi-physician ambulatory provider whose legal form/admission does not reveal ultimate ownership", "source_ids": [ "D6", "D7" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung", "literal_meaning": "model training regulation", "functional_meaning": "national chamber template; Land chamber rules bind", "source_ids": [ "D2" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Patientenquittung", "literal_meaning": "patient receipt", "functional_meaning": "information on billed statutory services/costs", "source_ids": [ "D20" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Risikostrukturausgleich", "literal_meaning": "risk-structure equalization", "functional_meaning": "risk-adjusted allocation among sickness funds", "source_ids": [ "D16" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Sanitätsdienst", "literal_meaning": "medical service", "functional_meaning": "armed-forces health organization, not civilian statutory care", "source_ids": [ "D24" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "strukturierter Qualitätsbericht", "literal_meaning": "structured quality report", "functional_meaning": "mandatory hospital structure/quality disclosure", "source_ids": [ "D21" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "Träger", "literal_meaning": "sponsor/bearer", "functional_meaning": "statistical owner/control grouping", "source_ids": [ "D22" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "öffentliche Trägerschaft", "literal_meaning": "public sponsorship/control", "functional_meaning": "Destatis public owner/control category", "source_ids": [ "D5" ] }, { "iso3": "DEU", "term_original": "öffentlicher Träger in privater Rechtsform", "literal_meaning": "public sponsor in private-law form", "functional_meaning": "majority publicly controlled company", "source_ids": [ "C2" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "αναπτυγμένη κλίνη", "literal_meaning": "deployed bed", "functional_meaning": "Bed actually installed/deployed, subdivided into inpatient and day/open-care beds.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "δελτίο τιμών", "literal_meaning": "price bulletin", "functional_meaning": "Ministry/EOF official medicine-price schedule.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-09" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ΕΚΑΠΥ", "literal_meaning": "National Central Health Procurement Authority", "functional_meaning": "Central procurement/planning body for public health procurement.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-11" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ΕΟΠΥΥ", "literal_meaning": "National Organization for Healthcare Services Provision", "functional_meaning": "Statutory purchaser/payer; not the legal owner of all providers it reimburses.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-04", "GRC-10", "GRC-13", "GRC-19" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "θεραπευτήριο", "literal_meaning": "treatment institution", "functional_meaning": "ELSTAT census unit encompassing hospitals/clinics; not itself an ownership label.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ιδιωτική κλινική", "literal_meaning": "private clinic", "functional_meaning": "ELSTAT legal-form category distinct from NPDD/NPID.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "Κέντρο Υγείας / ΤοΜΥ", "literal_meaning": "health centre / local health unit", "functional_meaning": "Public primary-care operating units.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-02" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ΚΕΝ / ΣΚΕΝ (DRG)", "literal_meaning": "closed consolidated hospitalization / Greek DRG", "functional_meaning": "Hospital case-classification/payment instruments; recording with DRG logic does not prove every bill is paid solely by DRG.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-13", "GRC-14" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "κρατικό τιμολόγιο", "literal_meaning": "state tariff", "functional_meaning": "Public reimbursement/service tariff; not necessarily a provider's private cash price.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-13" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ΝΠΔΔ — νομικό πρόσωπο δημοσίου δικαίου", "literal_meaning": "legal person of public law", "functional_meaning": "Legal form normally used by public bodies; report calls it “public-law,” not proven beneficial ownership.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ΝΠΙΔ — νομικό πρόσωπο ιδιωτικού δικαίου", "literal_meaning": "legal person of private law", "functional_meaning": "Private-law form; may still be state-controlled or publicly owned.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-01" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "ΟΚΑ", "literal_meaning": "social-security organizations", "functional_meaning": "SHA compulsory contributory financing schemes.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-06" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "προσωπικός ιατρός", "literal_meaning": "personal physician", "functional_meaning": "Gatekeeping/longitudinal role supplied by public units and contracted private doctors.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-03", "GRC-04" ] }, { "iso3": "GRC", "term_original": "Πρωτοβάθμια Φροντίδα Υγείας (ΠΦΥ)", "literal_meaning": "primary health care", "functional_meaning": "Public-network primary care plus contracted personal physicians; not all ambulatory care.", "source_ids": [ "GRC-02", "GRC-03", "GRC-04" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "alapellátás", "literal_meaning": "basic/primary care", "functional_meaning": "Statutory primary-care layer.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-05", "HUN-06" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "Egészségbiztosítási Alap (E. Alap)", "literal_meaning": "Health Insurance Fund", "functional_meaning": "National statutory pool whose benefits NEAK administers/pays.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-08", "HUN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "ellátási terület", "literal_meaning": "service territory", "functional_meaning": "Mandatory catchment/service obligation.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-06" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "elszámolás", "literal_meaning": "settlement/accounting", "functional_meaning": "Provider claim and payer settlement process.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "engedélyezett / működő ágy", "literal_meaning": "authorized / operating bed", "functional_meaning": "Licensed ceiling versus beds actually operating.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-01" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "fenntartó", "literal_meaning": "maintainer", "functional_meaning": "Governance/sponsoring authority shown in KSH/NEAK tables; not synonymous with tulajdonos, legal owner.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-01", "HUN-02" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "gyógyászati segédeszköz", "literal_meaning": "therapeutic aid", "functional_meaning": "Reimbursable medical aid/device category.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-16" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "HBCs", "literal_meaning": "homogeneous disease groups", "functional_meaning": "Hungarian DRG-type active inpatient payment weights.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "háziorvosi praxis / praxisjog", "literal_meaning": "GP practice / practice right", "functional_meaning": "Territorial general-practice operation and personal right to operate; can coexist with municipal service obligation and NEAK purchasing.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-05", "HUN-06" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "járóbeteg-szakellátás", "literal_meaning": "outpatient specialist care", "functional_meaning": "Specialist ambulatory services, generally coded and point-paid.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "kapacitásbefogadás", "literal_meaning": "capacity acceptance", "functional_meaning": "Administrative admission of extra capacity into public financing; regulation/funding, not ownership.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-14" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "közforgalmú gyógyszertár", "literal_meaning": "public-traffic pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "Community pharmacy open to the public; KSH says only private pharmacies operate after privatization.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-07" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "német pont", "literal_meaning": "German point", "functional_meaning": "Outpatient fee/relative-value point, also used for laboratory billing where applicable.", "source_ids": [ "HUN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "HUN", "term_original": "tulajdonos", "literal_meaning": "owner", "functional_meaning": "Holder of ownership; unavailable as a complete current hospital denominator in reviewed sources.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISL", "term_original": "heilsugæsla", "literal_meaning": "health safeguarding/care", "functional_meaning": "primary health care", "source_ids": [ "IS-2", "IS-3" ] }, { "iso3": "ISL", "term_original": "heilsugæslustöð", "literal_meaning": "health-care station", "functional_meaning": "primary-care centre", "source_ids": [ "IS-2", "IS-3" ] }, { "iso3": "ISL", "term_original": "Hið opinbera", "literal_meaning": "the public authorities", "functional_meaning": "government financing sector in the SHA table", "source_ids": [ "IS-1" ] }, { "iso3": "ISL", "term_original": "hámarksheildsöluverð", "literal_meaning": "maximum wholesale price", "functional_meaning": "regulatory ceiling", "source_ids": [ "IS-4" ] }, { "iso3": "ISL", "term_original": "Sjúkratryggingar Íslands", "literal_meaning": "Iceland Health Insurance", "functional_meaning": "statutory contractor/reimbursement agency", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "IRL", "term_original": "GMS contract", "literal_meaning": "General Medical Services contract", "functional_meaning": "independent GP service contract", "source_ids": [ "IE-4" ] }, { "iso3": "IRL", "term_original": "HSE", "literal_meaning": "Health Service Executive", "functional_meaning": "statutory national organizer/provider", "source_ids": [ "IE-3", "IE-4" ] }, { "iso3": "IRL", "term_original": "PCRS", "literal_meaning": "Primary Care Reimbursement Service", "functional_meaning": "HSE claims/payer unit", "source_ids": [ "IE-3" ] }, { "iso3": "IRL", "term_original": "publicly administered", "literal_meaning": "administration classification", "functional_meaning": "not legal ownership", "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ] }, { "iso3": "IRL", "term_original": "voluntary hospital", "literal_meaning": "nonprofit hospital with public funding/service role", "functional_meaning": "not automatically state-owned", "source_ids": [ "IE-1" ] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "אשפוז כללי", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "general inpatient care", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "כל הבריאות", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "“All Health,” MOH entitlement/benefit portal", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "מחיר יום אשפוז", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "inpatient-day price", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "מיטות ברישוי", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "licensed beds", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "מס בריאות", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "health tax", "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "סל הבריאות", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "health basket/statutory benefit package", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "קופת חולים (kupat holim)", "literal_meaning": "sick fund,", "functional_meaning": "literally “sick fund,” statutory health fund/insurer-provider", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "תעריף דיפרנציאלי", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "differential tariff", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ISR", "term_original": "תקציב המדינה", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "state budget", "source_ids": [ "IL-01" ] }, { "iso3": "ITA", "term_original": "farmacia comunale", "literal_meaning": "municipal pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "pharmacy owned or controlled by a municipality or municipal vehicle", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "ITA", "term_original": "privato accreditato", "literal_meaning": "accredited private", "functional_meaning": "private provider admitted to SSN payment; accreditation is not ownership", "source_ids": [ "IT-1" ] }, { "iso3": "ITA", "term_original": "pubblico ed equiparato", "literal_meaning": "public and equivalent", "functional_meaning": "public-side service/statistical grouping, not pure ownership", "source_ids": [ "IT-1" ] }, { "iso3": "ITA", "term_original": "spesa diretta", "literal_meaning": "direct expenditure", "functional_meaning": "SHA household out-of-pocket expenditure", "source_ids": [ "IT-2" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "DPC", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "diagnosis-procedure-combination hospital payment", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-05" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "一般診療所", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "general clinic", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "保険料", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "insurance premium contributions", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "公的医療機関", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "official/public medical institution (a statutory category, not identical to all government ownership)", "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "公費", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "public funds", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "医療法人", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "medical corporation", "source_ids": [ "JP-01" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "国", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "national government", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "国民医療費", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "national medical care expenditure", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "患者等負担分", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "patient etc. burden", "source_ids": [ "JP-02", "JP-03" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "材料価格", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "medical material/device price", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-05", "JP-06" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "社会保険関係団体", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "social-insurance-related organization", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "薬価", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "official drug price", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-05" ] }, { "iso3": "JPN", "term_original": "診療報酬", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "medical service fee schedule", "source_ids": [ "JP-04", "JP-05" ] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "건강보험료율", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "health-insurance contribution rate", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "건강보험심사평가원 (HIRA)", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "국민건강보험 (NHIS)", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "National Health Insurance", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "급여/비급여", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "covered benefit / non-covered service", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "병상수급 기본시책", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "basic hospital-bed supply-and-demand policy", "source_ids": [ "KR-06" ] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "병원급/의원급", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "hospital-level / clinic-level institution", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "사전승인", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "prior approval", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "상대가치점수", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "relative-value points", "source_ids": [ "KR-01" ] }, { "iso3": "KOR", "term_original": "의료급여", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Medical Aid", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "atvasināta publiska persona", "literal_meaning": "derived public person", "functional_meaning": "Autonomous public-law entity, used by public research institutes; boundary: Strong public-operation evidence, not necessarily ministry ownership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "kapitālsabiedrība", "literal_meaning": "capital company", "functional_meaning": "Share company/limited-liability company; boundary: Public only when a public shareholder is separately identified", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "Nacionālais veselības dienests (NVD)", "literal_meaning": "National Health Service", "functional_meaning": "State-budget administrator, purchaser, payer, information-system and selected central-procurement authority; boundary: Not a national hospital owner/operator", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "pacienta līdzmaksājums", "literal_meaning": "patient co-payment", "functional_meaning": "Statutory patient payment for a publicly paid service; boundary: Distinct from wholly private payment", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "pakalpojumu tarifs", "literal_meaning": "service tariff", "functional_meaning": "NVD-calculated public-payment rate; boundary: Does not determine every private-sector price", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "piederība", "literal_meaning": "belonging/affiliation", "functional_meaning": "Statistical administrative affiliation (for example Ministry of Health system or municipality); boundary: Not equivalent to īpašumtiesības, legal ownership rights", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "valsts apmaksāts", "literal_meaning": "state-paid", "functional_meaning": "Service paid from the state-financed package; boundary: Financing status, not provider ownership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "ārstniecības iestāde", "literal_meaning": "medical-treatment institution", "functional_meaning": "Licensed provider establishment; boundary: May be public or private", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "ģimenes ārsta prakse", "literal_meaning": "family-doctor practice", "functional_meaning": "Contracted primary-care practice; boundary: Contracting does not establish the doctor’s employment form", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LVA", "term_original": "īpašnieks / īpašumtiesības", "literal_meaning": "owner / ownership rights", "functional_meaning": "Legal owner / ownership; boundary: Required for a clean ownership claim", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaiga (ASPĮ)", "literal_meaning": "personal healthcare institution", "functional_meaning": "Healthcare provider institution; boundary: Ownership must be separately established", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "bazinė kaina / balo vertė", "literal_meaning": "base price / point value", "functional_meaning": "Public reimbursement base and conversion value; boundary: Not a universal private-market price", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "giminingų diagnozių grupė", "literal_meaning": "related-diagnosis group", "functional_meaning": "DRG used for active inpatient payment; boundary: Payment classification, not ownership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "nuosavybė", "literal_meaning": "ownership", "functional_meaning": "Legal ownership; boundary: The preferred term for owner claims", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "pavaldumas", "literal_meaning": "subordination", "functional_meaning": "Administrative or institutional affiliation; boundary: Not legal ownership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "pirminė ambulatorinė asmens sveikatos priežiūra (PAASP)", "literal_meaning": "primary ambulatory personal healthcare", "functional_meaning": "Primary-care service segment; boundary: Service segment, not owner type", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "priemoka", "literal_meaning": "additional payment", "functional_meaning": "Patient top-up/copayment; boundary: Must be distinguished from a service fully outside PSDF", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo fondas (PSDF)", "literal_meaning": "Compulsory Health Insurance Fund", "functional_meaning": "National compulsory-health-insurance pool; boundary: Fund is not the provider network", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "SAM sistema", "literal_meaning": "Ministry of Health system", "functional_meaning": "Facilities grouped in the health-ministry statistical system; boundary: Not a legal-owner category by itself", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "Valstybinė ligonių kasa (VLK)", "literal_meaning": "State Patient Fund", "functional_meaning": "National PSDF administrator, purchaser, payer, and selected central procurer; boundary: Contracting/payment does not prove facility ownership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "valstybės ir savivaldybių", "literal_meaning": "state and municipal", "functional_meaning": "Explicit public proprietor grouping; boundary: Strong public-owner wording where the publication uses it", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LTU", "term_original": "viešoji įstaiga (VšĮ)", "literal_meaning": "public institution", "functional_meaning": "Non-profit legal form; boundary: The label alone does not prove state ownership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "Caisse nationale de santé (CNS)", "literal_meaning": "National Health Fund", "functional_meaning": "Statutory insurer/administrator and tariff/convention counterparty; Category caution: Payer, not provider owner", "source_ids": [ "LU-09", "LU-12", "LU-13", "LU-14", "LU-15", "LU-16", "LU-17", "LU-18" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "Carte sanitaire", "literal_meaning": "health map", "functional_meaning": "Official inventory/planning evidence for facilities, beds, services and equipment; Category caution: Not an owner census", "source_ids": [ "LU-01", "LU-02" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "Centre commun de la sécurité sociale (CCSS)", "literal_meaning": "Joint Social Security Centre", "functional_meaning": "Affiliation and contribution collector; Category caution: Collector, not care purchaser/owner", "source_ids": [ "LU-09" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "concessionnaire / pharmacien titulaire", "literal_meaning": "concession holder / titular pharmacist", "functional_meaning": "Authorized pharmacy operator with management/financial responsibility; Category caution: Not necessarily real-estate or ultimate corporate owner", "source_ids": [ "LU-06" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "contrat d’agrément", "literal_meaning": "approval/admission contract", "functional_meaning": "Hospital authorization/association permitting a physician to practise there; Category caution: Not necessarily employment or equity", "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "convenance personnelle (CP)", "literal_meaning": "personal convenience", "functional_meaning": "Patient-requested/non-covered supplement in tariff billing; Category caution: Distinct from official reimbursable tariff", "source_ids": [ "LU-15" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "enveloppe budgétaire globale", "literal_meaning": "global budget envelope", "functional_meaning": "National cap/framework for hospital expenditure budgets; Category caution: Financing control, not asset ownership", "source_ids": [ "LU-12", "LU-13" ] }, { "iso3": "LUX", "term_original": "médecin libéral", "literal_meaning": "liberal physician", "functional_meaning": "Self-directed/non-salaried professional status in administrative data; Category caution: Not proof of premises or practice ownership", "source_ids": [ "LU-05" ] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "abasto", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "medicine supply/availability", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "cama censable", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "staffed census/inpatient bed in the private-establishment survey", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "cama hospitalaria", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "hospital bed (broader term in cited public count)", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "gasto de bolsillo", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "out-of-pocket spending", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "IMSS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Mexican Social Security Institute", "source_ids": [ "MX-04", "MX-05", "MX-06" ] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "IMSS-Bienestar", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "federal public provider for populations without social security in participating states", "source_ids": [ "MX-04", "MX-05", "MX-06" ] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "ISSSTE", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "social-security institute for state workers", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "población sin seguridad social", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "population without social-security coverage", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "MEX", "term_original": "unidad central", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "central administrative unit", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "beschikbaarheidbijdrage", "literal_meaning": "availability contribution", "functional_meaning": "NZa funding for designated socially necessary capacity/training; Category caution: Funding, not ownership", "source_ids": [ "NL-07" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "DBC-zorgproduct", "literal_meaning": "diagnosis-treatment-combination care product", "functional_meaning": "Specialist-care registration and billing unit; Category caution: Billing construct, not a discrete owner/operator", "source_ids": [ "NL-20" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "gereguleerd/vrij segment", "literal_meaning": "regulated/free segment", "functional_meaning": "NZa-set versus insurer-provider-negotiated tariff segment; Category caution: “Free” means negotiable price, not unregulated ownership", "source_ids": [ "NL-19" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "openbare apotheek", "literal_meaning": "public/open pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "Community pharmacy open to the public; Category caution: Does not mean publicly owned", "source_ids": [ "NL-11" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "publiekrechtelijke rechtspersoon", "literal_meaning": "public-law legal person", "functional_meaning": "Legal status expressly claimed by UMC Utrecht; Category caution: Institution-specific; not all UMCs/hospitals", "source_ids": [ "NL-04" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "sluis voor dure geneesmiddelen", "literal_meaning": "sluice for expensive medicines", "functional_meaning": "Temporary controlled-entry assessment/negotiation route for high-cost hospital drugs; Category caution: Coverage/price control, not manufacturing ownership", "source_ids": [ "NL-23" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "Wet op bijzondere medische verrichtingen (Wbmv)", "literal_meaning": "Act on Special Medical Procedures", "functional_meaning": "Ministerial licensing framework for designated care/equipment; Category caution: Capacity control, not title", "source_ids": [ "NL-25" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "zorgverzekeraar", "literal_meaning": "health insurer", "functional_meaning": "Premium collector, risk bearer, care purchaser and claims payer; Category caution: Contracting is not provider ownership", "source_ids": [ "NL-01", "NL-17" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "Zorgverzekeringsfonds (Zvf)", "literal_meaning": "Health Insurance Fund", "functional_meaning": "Public pool for income-related financing/risk equalization; Category caution: Pool, not provider operator", "source_ids": [ "NL-17", "NL-18" ] }, { "iso3": "NLD", "term_original": "Zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw)", "literal_meaning": "Health Insurance Act", "functional_meaning": "Mandatory basic-insurance legal framework; Category caution: Statutory regulation does not make insurers/providers public", "source_ids": [ "NL-01" ] }, { "iso3": "NZL", "term_original": "capitation", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "per-enrolled-person payment", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2" ] }, { "iso3": "NZL", "term_original": "PHARMAC / Te Pātaka Whaioranga", "literal_meaning": "Pharmaceutical Management Agency/storehouse of wellbeing", "functional_meaning": "national funding/negotiation body, not distributor", "source_ids": [ "NZ-4", "NZ-5" ] }, { "iso3": "NZL", "term_original": "PHO", "literal_meaning": "Primary Health Organisation", "functional_meaning": "capitation-contract intermediary/network", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2" ] }, { "iso3": "NZL", "term_original": "Te Whatu Ora / Health New Zealand", "literal_meaning": "the weaving of health/wellbeing", "functional_meaning": "Crown entity operating the public delivery network", "source_ids": [ "NZ-2", "NZ-5" ] }, { "iso3": "NZL", "term_original": "Vote Health", "literal_meaning": "annual parliamentary health appropriation", "functional_meaning": "not total health expenditure", "source_ids": [ "NZ-3" ] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "term_original": "fastlege", "literal_meaning": "fixed/list doctor", "functional_meaning": "assigned municipal GP, often contractor", "source_ids": [ "NO-4" ] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "term_original": "helseforetak (HF)", "literal_meaning": "health enterprise", "functional_meaning": "public hospital operating corporation", "source_ids": [ "NO-2", "NO-6" ] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "term_original": "innsatsstyrt finansiering (ISF)", "literal_meaning": "effort/activity-governed financing", "functional_meaning": "DRG-based hospital component", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "term_original": "LIS1", "literal_meaning": "doctor in specialization part 1", "functional_meaning": "national first postgraduate stage", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "term_original": "maksimalpris", "literal_meaning": "maximum price", "functional_meaning": "DMP ceiling", "source_ids": [ "NO-5" ] }, { "iso3": "NOR", "term_original": "regionalt helseforetak (RHF)", "literal_meaning": "regional health enterprise", "functional_meaning": "state-owned hospital group/purchaser", "source_ids": [ "NO-2" ] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "apteka ogólnodostępna", "literal_meaning": "generally accessible pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "community retail pharmacy Ownership caution: “Accessible to all” is not public ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "IOWISZ", "literal_meaning": "Instrument for Assessing Investment Applications in the Health Sector", "functional_meaning": "statutory needs-consistency assessment for specified investments Ownership caution: An opinion/approval gate, not ownership or financing by itself.", "source_ids": [ "PL-18" ] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "Jednorodne Grupy Pacjentów (JGP)", "literal_meaning": "homogeneous patient groups", "functional_meaning": "Polish hospital case-group payment system Ownership caution: Payment classification, not capacity planning.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "limit finansowania", "literal_meaning": "financing limit", "functional_meaning": "maximum public amount within a reimbursement group Ownership caution: Patient may pay the difference; it is not the retail price alone.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "mapa potrzeb zdrowotnych", "literal_meaning": "health-needs map", "functional_meaning": "national planning evidence base for capacity and transformation plans Ownership caution: Planning information is not an operating mandate.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (NFZ)", "literal_meaning": "National Health Fund", "functional_meaning": "single national statutory pool/purchaser with 16 regional branches Ownership caution: Purchaser, not national provider owner.", "source_ids": [ "PL-05" ] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "podmiot leczniczy", "literal_meaning": "medical entity", "functional_meaning": "legally responsible care-delivery entity Ownership caution: Can be public, private, non-profit, or commercial.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "podmiot tworzący", "literal_meaning": "creating entity", "functional_meaning": "body that establishes an SPZOZ or other public provider Ownership caution: Creation is not necessarily current beneficial ownership of every asset.", "source_ids": [ "PL-01", "PL-20" ] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "praktyka lekarska", "literal_meaning": "medical practice", "functional_meaning": "individual or group professional practice Ownership caution: Can receive public payment while remaining privately owned.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "samodzielny publiczny zakład opieki zdrowotnej (SPZOZ)", "literal_meaning": "independent public healthcare establishment", "functional_meaning": "public-law provider form with a creating entity and statutory loss rules Ownership caution: “Public” supports public form, but the national GUS table does not enumerate every current owner.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "taryfa świadczeń", "literal_meaning": "benefit tariff", "functional_meaning": "AOTMiT cost-based tariff that informs/sets public reimbursement Ownership caution: Not necessarily the provider’s unrestricted market price.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "urzędowa cena zbytu", "literal_meaning": "official ex-factory/sale price", "functional_meaning": "administratively negotiated price for reimbursed products Ownership caution: Does not indicate producer ownership.", "source_ids": [ "PL-16" ] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "świadczenia finansowane ze środków publicznych", "literal_meaning": "benefits financed from public funds", "functional_meaning": "NFZ/budget-covered care Ownership caution: Financing label cannot be used as owner classification.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "POL", "term_original": "świadczeniodawca", "literal_meaning": "benefit provider", "functional_meaning": "entity contracted to supply NFZ-covered benefits Ownership caution: Public contract does not establish public ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "PRT", "term_original": "agente financiador", "literal_meaning": "financing agent", "functional_meaning": "institutional payer channel, not necessarily an SHA financing scheme", "source_ids": [ "PT-2" ] }, { "iso3": "PRT", "term_original": "compras públicas", "literal_meaning": "public purchases", "functional_meaning": "pooled public procurement, not public manufacture", "source_ids": [ "PT-6" ] }, { "iso3": "PRT", "term_original": "hospital público / privado / PPP", "literal_meaning": "public / private / PPP hospital", "functional_meaning": "INE institutional operating categories; PPP remains separate", "source_ids": [ "PT-1" ] }, { "iso3": "PRT", "term_original": "taxa moderadora", "literal_meaning": "moderating fee", "functional_meaning": "statutory patient charge retained only in limited circumstances", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "PRT", "term_original": "Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS), EPE", "literal_meaning": "local health unit, public enterprise entity", "functional_meaning": "integrated public operator for hospital and primary care", "source_ids": [ "PT-3" ] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "kategorizácia", "literal_meaning": "categorization", "functional_meaning": "administrative inclusion, price, reimbursement, conditions, or hospital-network level-setting Ownership caution: Regulatory inclusion is not operation.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "podmienené zaradenie do siete", "literal_meaning": "conditional inclusion in network", "functional_meaning": "temporary ministry network decision pending compliance Ownership caution: Network control is not title ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "poskytovateľ zdravotnej starostlivosti (PZS)", "literal_meaning": "healthcare provider", "functional_meaning": "legal/natural person operating one or more healthcare facilities Ownership caution: One PZS can operate multiple facilities; facility count is not owner count.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "pracovné miesto SOZP", "literal_meaning": "health-professional job/FTE place", "functional_meaning": "standardized professional work-place capacity in NCZI network statistics Ownership caution: Not the number of persons and not necessarily an employment contract.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "rezidentské štúdium", "literal_meaning": "residency study", "functional_meaning": "ministry-designated specialty training financed under statutory rules Ownership caution: Not identical to all postgraduate training.", "source_ids": [ "SK-03" ] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "v pôsobnosti iných zriaďovateľov", "literal_meaning": "in the sphere of other founders", "functional_meaning": "residual NCZI founder category, mainly non-state organizations Ownership caution: “Mainly non-state” is not a clean private-owner numerator.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "verejná lekáreň", "literal_meaning": "public pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "community/public-access pharmacy serving outpatients Ownership caution: “Verejná” means open to the public, not state-owned.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "verejné zdravotné poistenie (VZP)", "literal_meaning": "public health insurance", "functional_meaning": "compulsory statutory health insurance performed by licensed joint-stock insurers Ownership caution: Includes one state-owned and two private insurers; scheme label is not payer ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "všeobecná nemocnica", "literal_meaning": "general hospital", "functional_meaning": "licensed general hospital facility type Ownership caution: Not an ownership class.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "zriaďovateľ", "literal_meaning": "founder/establisher", "functional_meaning": "body in whose founding/establishing sphere an organization is classified Ownership caution: Not automatically legal owner, operator, or employer of every clinician.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "základná sadzba DRG", "literal_meaning": "DRG base rate", "functional_meaning": "hospital payment parameter combined with case weight Ownership caution: Payment rule, not full cost or ownership.", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "úradne určená cena", "literal_meaning": "officially determined price", "functional_meaning": "ministry-set/listed price used in drug/device categorization Ownership caution: Does not show manufacturing ownership.", "source_ids": [ "SK-18" ] }, { "iso3": "SVK", "term_original": "špecializovaná nemocnica", "literal_meaning": "specialized hospital", "functional_meaning": "licensed specialized inpatient facility type Ownership caution: Not an ownership class.", "source_ids": [ "SK-01" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "dogovorjeni program", "literal_meaning": "agreed programme", "functional_meaning": "Contracted volume/capacity funded by ZZZS.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "javni lekarniški zavod", "literal_meaning": "public pharmacy institute", "functional_meaning": "Municipality-founded public operator, distinct from a private concessionaire.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-04" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "javni zdravstveni zavod", "literal_meaning": "public health institute", "functional_meaning": "Public-law provider founded by state/municipality; does not alone establish title to every building or asset.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-02", "SVN-10" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "količnik / točka / utež", "literal_meaning": "coefficient / point / weight", "functional_meaning": "Primary-care, outpatient/pharmacy and hospital payment units respectively.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-14" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "koncesionar", "literal_meaning": "concessionaire", "functional_meaning": "Private provider performing public-network services under concession; not publicly owned.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-03" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "medicinski pripomoček", "literal_meaning": "medical device/aid", "functional_meaning": "Regulated device; ZZZS sets standards/reimbursement for covered aids.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-12", "SVN-14", "SVN-17" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "mreža javne zdravstvene službe", "literal_meaning": "public-health-service network", "functional_meaning": "Service-delivery network containing public institutes and concessionaires.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-02" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "Načrt razvojnih programov", "literal_meaning": "development-programme plan", "functional_meaning": "Multi-year state-budget capital project plan.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-15", "SVN-16" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "obračunska cena", "literal_meaning": "accounting/settlement price", "functional_meaning": "Contract settlement price, not necessarily a cash-market price.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-13", "SVN-14" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "obvezni zdravstveni prispevek (OZP)", "literal_meaning": "compulsory health contribution", "functional_meaning": "Flat compulsory contribution introduced in 2024 and paid into the statutory system; not voluntary insurance.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-06" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "obvezno zdravstveno zavarovanje (OZZ)", "literal_meaning": "compulsory health insurance", "functional_meaning": "Statutory insurance pool administered by ZZZS.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-06", "SVN-13" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "skupine primerljivih primerov (SPP)", "literal_meaning": "comparable-case groups", "functional_meaning": "Slovenian DRG-type acute inpatient groups.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-13", "SVN-14" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "ustanovitelj / lastništvo", "literal_meaning": "founder / ownership", "functional_meaning": "Founder/governance role versus legal ownership.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-02" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "zdravstveni dom", "literal_meaning": "health centre", "functional_meaning": "Municipal public primary-care institute.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-02", "SVN-03" ] }, { "iso3": "SVN", "term_original": "ZZZS", "literal_meaning": "Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia", "functional_meaning": "Statutory collector/pool administrator/purchaser-payer.", "source_ids": [ "SVN-03", "SVN-05", "SVN-13", "SVN-14", "SVN-17", "SVN-18" ] }, { "iso3": "ESP", "term_original": "camas instaladas / en funcionamiento", "literal_meaning": "installed / operating beds", "functional_meaning": "distinct capacity concepts that cannot be blended", "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ] }, { "iso3": "ESP", "term_original": "dependencia funcional", "literal_meaning": "functional dependence", "functional_meaning": "nearest hierarchical/functional dominion, independent of management form", "source_ids": [ "ES-1" ] }, { "iso3": "ESP", "term_original": "interés público", "literal_meaning": "public interest", "functional_meaning": "regulated social function, not public ownership", "source_ids": [ "ES-5" ] }, { "iso3": "ESP", "term_original": "oficina de farmacia", "literal_meaning": "pharmacy office", "functional_meaning": "privately held health establishment of public interest", "source_ids": [ "ES-5" ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "AIP/AUP", "literal_meaning": "pharmacy purchase/sale price", "functional_meaning": "TLV-set reimbursed price points", "source_ids": [ "SE-6" ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "extemporeläkemedel", "literal_meaning": "medicine made for the occasion", "functional_meaning": "patient-specific compounded medicine", "source_ids": [ "SE-5" ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "lagerberedning", "literal_meaning": "stock preparation", "functional_meaning": "standardized batch-compounded medicine", "source_ids": [ "SE-5" ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "region", "literal_meaning": "region", "functional_meaning": "elected health-system organizer/owner/payer", "source_ids": [ "SE-2", "SE-3" ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "slutenvård", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "closed/inpatient care", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "vårdcentral", "literal_meaning": "care centre", "functional_meaning": "primary health centre", "source_ids": [ "SE-2" ] }, { "iso3": "SWE", "term_original": "vårdval", "literal_meaning": "care choice", "functional_meaning": "region-regulated provider-choice/contract system", "source_ids": [ "SE-2" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Aktiengesellschaft / Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (AG/GmbH)", "literal_meaning": "share company / limited company", "functional_meaning": "private-law legal forms usable by public or private owners; legal form does not determine ownership", "source_ids": [ "S9" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "ambulante Pauschale", "literal_meaning": "ambulatory flat rate", "functional_meaning": "episode/service bundle payment", "source_ids": [ "S21" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Armeeapotheke", "literal_meaning": "army pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "federal military production, quality, logistics and med-tech unit", "source_ids": [ "S14" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Baserate", "literal_meaning": "base rate", "functional_meaning": "hospital-specific monetary multiplier for national case weight", "source_ids": [ "S20" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Betrieb", "literal_meaning": "establishment/enterprise unit", "functional_meaning": "BFS hospital statistical unit", "source_ids": [ "S6" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Betriebsbewilligung", "literal_meaning": "operating authorization", "functional_meaning": "licence covering specified regulated activity/site, not a firm or owner count", "source_ids": [ "S12" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "direkte Finanzierung der Privathaushalte", "literal_meaning": "direct household financing", "functional_meaning": "OOP/direct payments", "source_ids": [ "S18" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "eidgenössisches Diplom", "literal_meaning": "federal diploma", "functional_meaning": "nationally recognized qualifying credential", "source_ids": [ "S2" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Einrichtung der ambulanten Krankenpflege", "literal_meaning": "ambulatory-care institution", "functional_meaning": "admitted facility that employs physicians", "source_ids": [ "S10" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Einzelunternehmen", "literal_meaning": "sole proprietorship", "functional_meaning": "enterprise owned by a self-employed physician", "source_ids": [ "S9" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Fallkosten", "literal_meaning": "case costs", "functional_meaning": "reported treatment cost per case/site, not necessarily tariff/payment", "source_ids": [ "S23" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Fördermittel", "literal_meaning": "research funding", "functional_meaning": "sponsor award, not ownership or industrial expenditure", "source_ids": [ "S13" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Höchstvergütungsbetrag", "literal_meaning": "maximum reimbursement amount", "functional_meaning": "OKP payment ceiling for listed aid/device", "source_ids": [ "S16" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Kettenapotheke", "literal_meaning": "chain pharmacy", "functional_meaning": "pharmacy belonging to a common chain; not public/private owner classification", "source_ids": [ "S11" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Konformitätsbewertung", "literal_meaning": "conformity assessment", "functional_meaning": "premarket compliance process, not public approval/ownership", "source_ids": [ "S15" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Listenspital", "literal_meaning": "listed hospital", "functional_meaning": "canton-mandated hospital eligible for statutory inpatient co-payment", "source_ids": [ "S8" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "MedReg", "literal_meaning": "medical professions register", "functional_meaning": "credential/practice registry, not employer census", "source_ids": [ "S5" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Mittel- und Gegenständeliste (MiGeL)", "literal_meaning": "means and objects list", "functional_meaning": "list and maximum reimbursement for eligible personal-use aids/devices, not hospital procurement price", "source_ids": [ "S16" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Obligatorische Krankenpflegeversicherung (OKP)", "literal_meaning": "compulsory health-care insurance", "functional_meaning": "mandatory basic insurance under KVG; regulated financing remains separate from insurer/provider ownership", "source_ids": [ "S10", "S19" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Ressortforschung", "literal_meaning": "departmental research", "functional_meaning": "policy-oriented research commissioned/undertaken for a federal department", "source_ids": [ "S17" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Risikoausgleich", "literal_meaning": "risk equalization", "functional_meaning": "transfers among insurers for differing enrollee risk", "source_ids": [ "S25" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Spezialitätenliste", "literal_meaning": "specialties list", "functional_meaning": "reimbursable medicines with BAG maximum price", "source_ids": [ "S22" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Spital/Krankenhaus", "literal_meaning": "hospital", "functional_meaning": "reporting hospital enterprise in BFS statistics", "source_ids": [ "S7" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Spitalliste / Listenspital", "literal_meaning": "hospital list / listed hospital", "functional_meaning": "canton-approved institution or mandate for compulsory-insurance inpatient payment; planning status, not ownership", "source_ids": [ "S8", "S24" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Spitalplanung", "literal_meaning": "hospital planning", "functional_meaning": "canton needs assessment/list mandates, not ownership", "source_ids": [ "S24" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Spitex", "literal_meaning": "hospital-external care", "functional_meaning": "home-care/home-nursing sector label, not an ownership class", "source_ids": [ "S4" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Studienplatzkapazität", "literal_meaning": "study-place capacity", "functional_meaning": "admitted first-year training capacity", "source_ids": [ "S1" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Tiers payant", "literal_meaning": "third-party payment", "functional_meaning": "provider bills insurer directly", "source_ids": [ "S19" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Vollzeitäquivalent", "literal_meaning": "full-time equivalent", "functional_meaning": "standardized labour input, not headcount", "source_ids": [ "S4" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "Weiterbildungsgang", "literal_meaning": "postgraduate programme", "functional_meaning": "accredited pathway to a federal postgraduate title", "source_ids": [ "S3" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "zugelassener Krankenversicherer", "literal_meaning": "authorized health insurer", "functional_meaning": "regulated legal payer permitted to operate social health insurance", "source_ids": [ "S26" ] }, { "iso3": "CHE", "term_original": "öffentlich oder subventioniert", "literal_meaning": "public or subsidized", "functional_meaning": "composite status/funding class", "source_ids": [ "C1" ] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "bedeli ödenecek ilaçlar", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "medicines whose cost will be reimbursed", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "faal olarak sağlık hizmeti veren", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "actively providing health services", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "hastane yatağı", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "hospital bed", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "kamu-özel iş birliği", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "public-private partnership", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "nitelikli yatak", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "qualified bed", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "Sağlık Bakanlığı", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Ministry of Health", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "SGK", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, Social Security Institution", "source_ids": [ "TR-02", "TR-03", "TR-04" ] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "SUT", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği, Health Implementation Communiqué/reimbursement rulebook", "source_ids": [ "TR-03", "TR-04", "TR-05" ] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "özel hastane", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "private hospital", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "TUR", "term_original": "üniversite hastanesi", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "university hospital (ownership may be public or private)", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "term_original": "foundation trust", "literal_meaning": "semi-autonomous statutory NHS provider", "functional_meaning": "still public, not a private foundation", "source_ids": [ "UK-3" ] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "term_original": "GMS/PMS/APMS", "literal_meaning": "general/personal/alternative medical-services contracts", "functional_meaning": "GP contractor forms", "source_ids": [ "UK-5" ] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "term_original": "government scheme", "literal_meaning": "SHA financing scheme", "functional_meaning": "tax-funded system, not provider ownership", "source_ids": [ "UK-1" ] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "term_original": "Integrated Care Board (ICB)", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statutory NHS commissioner in England", "source_ids": [ "UK-4" ] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "term_original": "NHS Payment Scheme", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "statutory provider-payment rules for England", "source_ids": [ "UK-4" ] }, { "iso3": "GBR", "term_original": "NHS trust", "literal_meaning": "statutory National Health Service trust", "functional_meaning": "public provider body", "source_ids": [ "UK-3" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "community hospital", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "AHRQ short-term, nonfederal general/special category used by HCUP frame", "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "DGME/IME", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "direct/indirect graduate medical education payment", "source_ids": [] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "IPPS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Inpatient Prospective Payment System", "source_ids": [ "US-04", "US-05", "US-06", "US-07" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "MS-DRG", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group", "source_ids": [ "US-04", "US-05" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "NHE", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "National Health Expenditure", "source_ids": [ "US-03" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "nonfederal government", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "state/local government ownership excluding federal facilities", "source_ids": [ "US-01", "US-02" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "OOP", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "out-of-pocket", "source_ids": [ "US-03" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "PFS", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "Physician Fee Schedule", "source_ids": [ "US-04", "US-05" ] }, { "iso3": "USA", "term_original": "sponsor", "literal_meaning": null, "functional_meaning": "entity ultimately responsible for financing under CMS NHE accounts", "source_ids": [] } ] }